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What is the pH of a neutral solution such as pure water?
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The pH of a neutral solution is 7.
Describe how indicators are used to measure pH.
Indicators are chemical dyes that change color based on the pH of a solution. Different indicators change at different pH levels, with wide range indicators like the universal indicator covering a broad pH spectrum.
What is the difference between a base and an alkali?
An alkali is a subgroup of bases that are soluble in water and form hydroxide ions (OH-) in water.
Name three common acids.
Common acids include hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid.
Provide the products of the neutralization reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide.
The reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide produces sodium chloride and water.
Give an example of a substance with a pH of approximately 2.
Stomach acid has a pH of approximately 2.
What is the pH range of the pH scale?
The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14.
What is a neutralization reaction?
A neutralization reaction is a reaction between an acid and a base that produces salt and water.
What advantage do pH probes and meters have over color indicators?
pH probes and meters provide a more accurate and precise numerical reading and reduce human error associated with color interpretation.
What is the chemical equation representing the formation of water in a neutralization reaction?
The chemical equation is: H+ (acid) + OH- (base) → H2O.
What is the pH value of bleach?
Bleach has a pH of approximately 12.
What does the pH scale measure?
The pH scale measures how acidic or alkaline a solution is.
Name two common bases.
Common bases include sodium hydroxide and calcium carbonate.
How are bases defined in terms of pH?
Bases are substances with a pH greater than 7.
Define an acid in terms of its pH and ion release in water.
Acids are substances forming aqueous solutions with a pH less than 7 and release hydrogen ions (H+) in water.
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