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In terms of breakdown speed and energy release, how do monosaccharides compare to polysaccharides?
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Monosaccharides are quick energy sources due to rapid breakdown, while polysaccharides provide sustained energy through gradual breakdown.
What is the linkage pattern in disaccharides?
Disaccharides are formed by the bonding of two monosaccharide molecules.
What distinguishes polysaccharides from proteins and other macromolecules?
Polysaccharides are made of long chains of sugars (monosaccharides), unlike proteins which are chains of amino acids.
Give an example of a disaccharide and its component monosaccharides.
Sucrose is a disaccharide consisting of glucose and fructose.
What is the function of cellulose in plants?
Cellulose serves as a structural component in plant cell walls.
What feature is universally found in the names of most sugars?
Most sugar names end with 'ose'.
How does the structure of cellulose benefit plant cells?
Cellulose provides rigidity and strength necessary for maintaining plant cell structure.
How do polysaccharides differ from simple carbohydrates?
Polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharides, whereas simple carbohydrates are composed of monosaccharides or disaccharides.
Why are carbohydrates considered a primary source of energy in organisms?
Carbohydrates are easily broken down by the body to provide quick energy.
What is the basic composition ratio of elements in carbohydrates?
1 Carbon : 2 Hydrogen : 1 Oxygen
List two food items that typically contain starches.
Potatoes and grains (such as wheat and rice).
Describe the general function of polysaccharides in organisms.
Polysaccharides serve as energy storage (e.g., starch and glycogen) or structural components (e.g., cellulose).
What distinguishes monosaccharides from disaccharides in terms of structure?
Monosaccharides consist of a single sugar molecule, while disaccharides are made up of two bonded monosaccharides.
What role does glycogen play in animals?
Glycogen serves as a storage form of glucose in the liver and muscles.
Name three common monosaccharides found in nature.
Glucose, Fructose, and Galactose
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