Lecture Notes on Aging and Healthcare
Introduction
- Room and equipment checks: Miss Singleton, Miss Whittle, Miss Brown, etc.
- Quiz preparation and instructions: 15 minutes to complete.
Online Classroom Etiquette
- Online classes should be treated like in-person classes.
- Avoid activities such as lying in bed, changing clothes, etc.
- Importance of being visible and attentive on camera.
Course Updates
- Next quiz and exam schedule.
- Live reviews for Exam 2 next week.
- One-on-one meetings available for students needing extra help.
Aging and Physiological Changes
Key Learning Objectives
- Describe structural and functional changes in aging.
- Identify common diseases related to aging.
- Differentiate between normal aging changes and disease processes.
- Discuss age-related changes on nursing care.
Studying Strategies
- Visual learners: concept maps.
- Writers: flashcards.
- Online resources and quizzes.
Skin Functions and Aging
Functions of Skin
- Protection, temperature regulation, sensation, absorption.
Changes in Aging Skin
- Dryness, loss of elasticity, decreased fat and circulation.
- Increased susceptibility to injury and tears.
- Interventions: moisturizing, proper bathing techniques, adequate hydration.
Skin Assessment and Interventions
- Regular skin checks for color, temperature, hydration.
- Use of moisturizing agents.
- Monitoring for pressure ulcers in bony areas.
Nutrition and Care
Importance of Nutrition in Aging
- Increased protein, vitamins A and C, zinc, and hydration for wound healing.
- Risks of malnutrition in older adults.
Common Nutritional Concerns
- Foods high in protein: peanut butter, eggs, chicken.
- Managing nutritional intake to prevent pressure ulcers.
Cardiovascular Changes
- Decreased heart muscle tone and cardiac output.
- Increased risk for heart disease, hypertension, and heart attacks.
- Management includes monitoring circulation and heart function.
Respiratory Changes
Common Conditions
- Pneumonia: symptoms include crackles, cough, fever.
- Tuberculosis (TB): rust-colored sputum, night sweats.
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): low O2, barrel chest.
Respiratory Interventions
- Oxygen therapy, but with caution (1-2 liters for COPD patients).
- Importance of maintaining proper nutrition and hydration.
Musculoskeletal Changes
Common Conditions
- Osteoporosis: fragile bones, risk factors include smoking, menopause.
- Osteoarthritis vs. Rheumatoid Arthritis: differentiate by symptoms and treatment.
Prevention and Management
- Exercise (30 minutes, 3-5 times a week), calcium, and vitamin D intake.
- Regular assessments for bone density and joint function.
Gastrointestinal and Endocrine Disorders
GI Changes
- Decrease in gastric secretions and risk of ulcers.
- Monitoring for symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and changes in stool color.
Endocrine Concerns
- Diabetes complications: neuropathy, sight loss, limb loss.
- Importance of diet and exercise to manage diabetes.
Neurological Disorders
- Stroke, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's: comparison and symptom management.
Final Notes
- Review for upcoming quizzes and exams.
- Reach out for help if needed.
These notes summarize key points from the lecture on aging, focusing on physiological changes, disease management, and best practices for healthcare in aging populations. Use these notes to review the material and prepare for exams.