Lecture on Skeletal Muscles of the Lower Limbs

Introduction

• Presenter: Patrick
• Focus: Tips and tricks for remembering skeletal muscles of the lower limbs.
• Structure: Presented in chunks of 4-8 muscles.

Big Hip Muscles

Iliopsoas Muscle

• Comprised of two muscles: Iliacus and Psoas Major.
• Iliacus: Originates from the ilium of the pelvis.
• Psoas Major: Originates from vertebral bodies.
• Function: Main hip flexors.

Gluteal Muscles

• Gluteus Maximus: Largest muscle in the body.
• Gluteus Medius and Minimus: Originate from the ilium and insert on femur.
• Tensor Fasciae Latae (TFL): Works with iliotibial band.

Other Hip Muscles

• Piriformis: Pear-shaped, stretched in pigeon pose.
• Gemellus Superior and Inferior: Paired muscles above and below the obturator internus.
• Obturator Internus and Externus: Named for their position relative to the obturator foramen.
• Quadratus Femoris: Square-shaped, inferior to above muscles.

Thigh Muscles

Sartorius

• Longest muscle, runs from pelvis to tibia.
• Functions in hip flexion, external rotation, abduction.

Quadriceps

• Comprised of four muscles: vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis, rectus femoris.
• Rectus Femoris: Also aids in hip flexion.

Hamstrings

• Comprised of biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus.
• Biceps Femoris: Lateral, two heads (long and short).
• Semitendinosus and Semimembranosus: Medial.

Adductor Group

• Includes adductor magnus, longus, brevis, gracilis, and pectineus.
• Involved in thigh adduction.

Lower Leg Muscles

Anterior Muscles

• Tibialis Anterior: On anterior tibia.
• Extensor Digitorum Longus and Extensor Hallucis Longus: Extend toes and big toe.
• Fibularis Tertius: Aids in dorsiflexion.

Fibularis Muscles

• Fibularis Longus and Brevis: Evert the ankle.

Posterior Muscles

• Gastrocnemius and Soleus: Insert on heel via Achilles tendon.
• Plantaris: Small muscle aiding in plantar flexion.
• Popliteus: Unlocks the knee.

Tarsal Tunnel Muscles

• Tom, Dick, and Harry mnemonic: Tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus.

Foot Muscles

Dorsal Muscles

• Extensor Digitorum Brevis and Extensor Hallucis Brevis: Extend toes and big toe.
• Dorsal Interossei: Abduct metatarsals.

Plantar Muscles

• Abductor Hallucis and Digiti Minimi: Abduct the big toe and pinky toe.
• Flexor Digitorum Brevis: Flexes toes.
• Quadratus Plantae: Square-shaped, on the plantar aspect.
• Flexor Hallucis Brevis: Bends the big toe.
• Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis: Bends pinky toe.
• Lumbricals: Flex and adduct toes.

Conclusion

• Uses Kenhub for resources and quizzes.
• Encouragement to continue learning and subscribe for more videos.