Hello class, wonderful day. Welcome to our module 1 of general biology 1. So in this module we're going to talk about cell theory or cell in general. So it's very important that we have to understand cell because cell is the basic unit of life and when we're going to study biology we are going to hear of the topic of cell if not always but often. Okay so it's very important that we have to understand it.
be very familiar about it and of course understand it okay so just sit back relax and enjoy or understand what you're watching okay so of course i'm gonna be your teacher and already did the introduction during our meet and greet but i'm miss joe one a and i'm gonna be your teacher whether you like it or not So for today's video class, well, vlogger. So for today's video, you're going to learn the prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells, and the endomembrane system and proteins. So basically, you're going to learn about the different parts of the cell and its functions.
So before we proceed with our discussion, let's hear first some trivia. So did you know? We have here, did you know that elephants can send storm? Elephants will be able to detect a thunderstorm from hundreds of miles away and head towards it looking for water.
Imagine kung nata elephantery sa Philippines. Magsigis sila gwarawara kada hapon kay kada hapon na atay ulan. O diba, may ganit dito, atay elephantery guys.
So another trivia here about still about animals, okay? So did you know about the man's best friend or a man's best friend? So we have here, did you know that dogs can smell your feelings?
Yes, dogs can pick up on the subtle changes in your scent, which can help him figure out how you're feeling, such as by smelling your perspiration when you become nervous or fearful. Amazing, AngDogs! I want to tell you guys that my best friend, Sensitive, AngDogs, he or she or it can rather, it can feel what you're feeling. So, what about cats?
Hmm, can I fit in? So, did you know that cat, that a cat uses its whiskers as fillers to determine if a space is too small to squeeze through? And also, cats love to sleep. a 15 year old cat has probably spent 10 years of its life sleeping so the animal the animal that may represent me is the cat i think you can go to class and wonder of small spaces boxes or whatever it's actually it actually uses its whiskers to pill okay whether the space is large enough for itself for itself amazing animals class so that's it for this module we will talk about this first cells as the basic unit of life microscopy and cell theory so we're going to learn these three things more of that in our next slide so we have here cells as the basic unit of life So, class, a living thing can be composed of either one or many cells, okay?
And there are two broad categories of cells. One is prokaryotic and the other one is eukaryotic cells. And cells can be highly specialized with specific functions and characteristics, okay? So, finish up, class, now, if you can see a living thing.
It is composed of cells. It's made up of either one or multi-cellular cells. So, for example, of multi-cellular cells, of course, what you're seeing on screen, a beautiful multi-cellular cell. Love yourself. So, we have here microscopy.
Just a brief, okay, just a little information about microscopy because if we will talk about microscopy, there's actually a lot of things to learn about it. But here, we'll just talk about some of the few things, okay? So we have here light microscopes.
So light microscopes allow for magnification of an object approximately up to 400 to 1,000 times depending on whether the high power or oil immersion objective is used okay so light microscopes use visible light which passes and bends through the lens system so if you have seen um if you have seen a light microscope you are uh you are going to you can magnify okay you can magnify a thing for about uh 400 to 1000 depending on what objective you're using okay it's either um if you use the low power you use the high power or you use the oil immersion so it varies okay the magnification varies with what objective you're using okay so it's very uh interesting seeing little things okay clearly using the microscope so hope to uh actually experience that i know probably you have gone through that during your high school your second year biology so i know that you have been thought about microscopy and uh i know that you can also relate to the amazement that you can see or feel seeing tiny things magnified and clearly um observing their features using the using microscope so microscope is very important actually in discovering things. Now another type of microscope is electron microscopes. So what about electron microscopes?
It's actually used a beam of electrons. Okay, different from the light microscope where it uses visible light. This one uses electrons for magnification. and four it allows higher magnification in comparison to a light microscope thus it um gives a clear okay clearer visualization for cell internal structures so you can see there um the patterns the shapes clearly compared to a light microscope so you see in the next slide what does this do microscopes looks like.
Okay, so you can see here on screen the comparison or the image of a light microscope and an electron microscope. So in the first picture we have here the light microscope. So here are the different parts of the microscope. This is the eyepiece.
This can actually be an eyepiece. This one eyepiece and here are the stage and the different objectives and then the light passes through this this one image okay and this one here is uh the electron microscope so it's it it is much more sophisticated thus it gives a clearer image of the cell or whatever you're looking into under the microscope must clavisha with electron microscope okay So here is an example of an image of an electron microscope. So talking about cell theory class.
So cell theory describes the basic properties of all cells. So it's actually, they actually describe the functions or the properties of different cells or all types of cells. So these three sciences that contributed to the development of cell theory are Matthias Claden, Theodore Straughn, and Rodolf Virchow.
So amazing that these three contributed greatly. in identifying the functions the properties of different cell types okay or different parts of the cells so in continuation with cell theory so we have here different components of cell theory or what does a cell theory say okay first is that all living things are composed of one or more cells okay so living things class they are composed okay of one or more cells and is that cell theory is that another thing about cell theory is that cell is the basic unit of life okay i've mentioned this already so um it's a basic unit of life and um all new cells arise from existing cells so we're going to learn this one okay so how does cell multiplies itself or how does new cells arise we're going to learn that in The next module, like talking about cell division, cellular division, mitosis, and meiosis. Okay, so that's for cell theory.
I've mentioned earlier that there are actually two main types of cells. So one is the prokaryotic cell and the other one is the eukaryotic cell. Now, at this point, we're going to learn about the characteristics of prokaryotic cell. What does it take to be a prokaryotic cell?
Let's learn and find out in the next slide. Now, learning about the characteristics of prokaryotic cells, we have here the first one. Prokaryotes lack an organized nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. So, it can't be, it can't have membrane-bound organelles, and it lacks nucleus, which is the central unit.
of the cell in your yoke or yokes in advance but anyway and prokaryotic dna is found in a central part of the cell called the nucleoid okay so that's where you can find the prokaryotic dna and the cell wall of prokaryote acts as an extra layer of protection and helps maintain cell shape and prevents dehydration so these are some of the characteristics of prokaryote cells. Moving on, so here is an example of an image of a prokaryotic cell. So prokaryotic cell size ranges from 0.1 to 5.0 micrometer in diameter.
That's small. And the small size of prokaryotes allow them for a quick entry and diffusion of ions and molecules to other parts of the cell while also allowing fast... removal of waste products out of the cell. So, we can see here a microscope, okay? And it states here, the bigger, the better.
Of course, it applies to almost all things. The bigger, the better. So, we can see things bigger. when you're when we're using um the microscope okay so it's actually for example a tiny dot seen in uh in a in a glass light can be clearly visible under the microscope so the bigger the better because we can actually uh see features okay unique features or defined features of what we're seeing an image or an object under the microscope Now, why is our entry before this is the bigger the better? Because almost always, eukaryotic cells are bigger than prokaryotic cells.
But it doesn't mean that eukaryotics are always better than prokaryotes because they are actually equally important. So following, we're going to talk about eukaryotic cells. So you can see here, examine.
and identify this is actually an example of a cell with each part labeled. So, for example, this one is a nucleus and microtubules. We can see the mitochondrion, the vacuole, cytoplasm, wool G complex, vesicles, and other parts. So we're going to learn more of that in our next slides.
So what are we going to learn about in the eukaryotic? So we're going to learn about the characteristics of eukaryotic cells. Of course, we're going to also introduce to plasma membranes, cytoplasms, other parts of the cells like nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria, and their functions, as well as comparing the plant and animal cells.
plant and animal cells are under eukaryotic cells. Alright, so we're going to learn about these things in the next slide. Alright, so here are some of the characteristics of eukaryotic cells. So I apologize for the very lengthy, okay, lengthy text here because it actually describes the characteristics of eukaryotic cells.
So we have the first one. in the first bullet we have eukaryotic cells are larger of course than prokaryotic cells and they have true nucleus membrane-bound organelles and rod-shaped chromosomes all right so and also the nucleus houses the cell's dna different from the prokaryotic cells and directs the synthesis of proteins and ribosomes so and mitochondria are responsible for ATP production. So, the mitochondria, the powerhouse of the cell, the endoplasmic reticulum modifies the proteins and synthesizes lipids. The Golgi apparatus is where the sorting of lipids and proteins takes place. So actually, um, the eukaryotic are very, um, that they parts and again, you said, oh, functions.
Because it supports a multicellular organism. All right. Okay. So in continuation, we have here the characteristics of eukaryotic cells.
Still in the characteristics. So we have perexisomes, carry out oxidation reactions that break down fatty acids and amino acids. And they detoxify poisons.
And vesicles and vacuoles, they function in storage and transport so animal cells we will learn here animal cells have a center soul and lysosomes while plants do not have those okay center song and lysosome not like animal but non a plant and however in plants we have the cell wall a large central vacu which is a storage and chloroplasts it gives us green color and other specialized plastics where animals do not or where animal cells do not have okay so actually that came up uh parts um or types of kind of parts of the cell and i see um plant cells compared to animal cells but all the rest not necessarily like like like membrane to use and that's not an exact for what is um stated here no one has a plan or will i see animals okay so that's basically the characteristics of your cryotic cell mom wait there's more charlotte land class so now we're going to learn about the plasma membrane and cytoplasm Okay, or cytoplasm. So sorry about the feet there because it belongs to my mother here. So do not mind it.
All right. So again, we're going to learn about plasma membrane and cytoplasm. So all, okay, all as in tanan, eukaryotic cells have a surrounding plasma membrane, which is also known as the cell membrane.
Okay, so cell membrane or the plasma membrane is made up of phospholipid bilayer so when you say by it's two so two layers with embedded proteins that separates the internal contents of the cell from its surrounding environment so if this is the cell what separates the cell from its um surrounding environment is the plasma membrane okay and the plasma membrane is made up of phospholipid bilayer so only relatively small non-polar materials can easily move through the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane. So it acts actually as a wall, okay? So we're, see, plasma membrane or the cell membrane, okay? So that's four.
this slide all right moreover still in plasma membrane and cytoplasm passive transport is the movement of substances okay across the membrane that does not require the use of energy so for example here is the cell so if the movement of the of the substances does not really require energy it's called passive transport so while active transport is the movement of substances across the membrane using the energy so if it does not use energy it's passive like oh just go pass through there passive if it does not use energy but if it does use energy okay okay so it's active because it uses energy to um transport substances so kung naggamit check energy class it's called active transport right so how about osmosis it's actually the diffusion of water through a semi okay or semi-permeable membrane down its concentration gradient so this occurs itabun ish class if there's an imbalance of solutes outside the cell compared to the inside of the cell so for example when you say um if this is the cell the solutes or the uh you need to imbalance of the equal of course so if um the the solutes outside the cell is actually greater than the solutes inside the cell so to balance that will transfer okay will transfer on water okay the the water diffuses from the uh concentration gradient so for example if the solutes are actually greater here outside the cell So water goes out, our mabalance, the lion out, solutes from the inside to the outside. So that's how osmosis works, right? So here, in continuation, the nucleus and ribosomes.
Here in the nucleus, it contains the cell's DNA, right? And directs the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins. So we can see, found within the nucleoplasm, the nucleus is a condensed region of chromatin where ribosome synthesis occur right so this is these are all in the canang nucleus so again can you see the plus inside the nucleus okay it's a condensed region of chromatin okay now the two say uh ribosomes the synthesis of ribosomes occur so here chromatin consists of dna wrapped around histone protein and is stored within the nucleoplasm right so mona shashi chromatin it is a dna okay wrap consists of a dna wrapped in a in an histo in a histone protein and how about ribosomes so ribosomes are large complexes of protein and there will nucleic acids rna responsible for protein synthesis when dna from nucleus is transcribed so mona shahang uh let's for our nucleus and ribosomes okay so ribosomes again class it's a large complex of protein thank you and i'm cutting crna we have here it's responsible for protein synthesis and uh when it's you will know more about uh transcription and translation uh probably in the following modules i think you buy one but anyway you will encounter that right now for mitochondria we have here mitochondria contains their own ribosomes and dna so combined with their double membrane this feature suggests that they might have been free living prokaryotes that were engulfed by a larger cell so ribosomes and dna so it was thought that an independent cell it was eaten okay and live off in a large larger cell so mitochondria it has an important role in cellular respiration through the production of atp so using chemical energy found in glucose and other nutrients so mitochondria in other words it is also coined as the powerhouse of the cell So this ATP class is actually like a currency that will fuel. ATP is actually an energy that is used for other functions of cells like in photosynthesis, in cellular respiration. And also, mitochondria is responsible for generating clusters of iron and sulfur.
which are important cofactors of many enzymes so very um the okay grossy mitochondria and um it is believed again that it was a separate cell engulfed by a larger cell so that's mitochondria so learning about the endomembrane system and proteins so here we're going to get to know in the press in the plasma critical the golgi apparatus lysosomes and peroxisomes. So let's go to the next page and see what are the functions and the features of these parts of the cell. So we have here endoplasmic reticulum. So this one here is the smooth ER and you also have the rough ER.
So if the endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes attached to it, it's called the rough ER or the rough endoplasmic reticulum. But if it does not contain the ribosomes, then it is called the smooth ER or the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. so the proteins made by the endoplasmic reticulum are used for outside the cell so this one is the one that is used to create the endoplasmic reticulum proteins okay so it is now being transported outside the cell it is being used outside the cell so functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum include synthesis of carbohydrates lipids and steroid hormones and also detoxification of medications and poisons so and they are also the storage of calcium ions so seraph er for the synthesis of um protein and then for the smooth er it's for the synthesis of um carbohydrates lipids and steroid hormones and also the cleansing okay early toxification of medication and poison so Although they have the same name like endoplasmic reticulum, but they have different functions. So that's again the features of REF-ER.
It contains ribosomes. So that's for endoplasmic reticulum. So how about the Golgi apparatus?
So the Golgi apparatus, you can see here in the image, it says, I'm the ugliest organelle I know. I'm very ugly. I'm an ugly person.
But, don't be, what do you call that? Don't be confused because Golgi apparatus has a lot of functions. So, it is, the Golgi apparatus is a series, this one, of flattened, okay? Flattened sacks that sort and package cellular materials.
So, come on, Golgi apparatus. oh it's a series of flattened sacks right so also the gujia apparatus has a c-space on the er side and the trans space opposite to the er side so facing if uh gujia apparatus if it faces the uh er side okay that's the c-space if it uh faces the opposite side of the er it's called the trans space okay and the and the trans space it creates the materials into the vesicles which then fuse with the cell membrane for release from the cell okay so ganesha um process it's actually for transport okay and packaging okay nagapakina pakina materials and then gina and then after that it will be stand off outside the cell so we have lysosomes here okay so for lysosomes It breaks down or digest macromolecules like carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. And it's also for repair cell membranes.
It repairs the cell membranes and responds against foreign substances such as bacteria, viruses, and other antigens. And lysosomes also contains the enzyme that breaks down the macromolecules and foreign invaders. That is why, okay, that is why.
lysosomes can only be found in animal cells okay so we will know that if you can still remember we already mentioned that earlier okay that centrosomes and lysosomes are the only part of the cell that is in the animal cell but it's not in the plant cell. Of course carbohydrates lipids proteins and nucleic acids they break the they digest that or break that down and then you will not see uh there is no food or food intake in the coan plant so that's why you can only see the lysosomes in animal cells so what else about lysosomes so again here is the lysosome we have here different parts of the lysosome although the lysosome is part of the cell inside the cell, it has parts of its own so lysosomes are composed of lipids and proteins okay with a single membrane covering this one it is a single single membrane covering a uh like covering the internal enzymes to prevent the lysosome from digesting with the cell itself you know they just the body again and they just be on macromolecules like carbohydrates lipids proteins and nucleic acids and you you enclose your membrane if not it might consume or digest the cell itself. So if that happens, the cell will be damaged when the lysosome is digested. And also lysosomes are found in all animal cells. However, there are times that rarely found within the plant cells due to the tough cell wall surrounding the plant cell that keeps out foreign substances.
So this is why lysosomes are classified as if you will look back at the previous slide, it is being digested by foreign substances however, plant cell has two protective layers, cell wall and then the cell membrane so it is not good, rarely it can be absorbed inside the plant cell that's why the lysosome usually okay almost often can be found uh in animal cell so we have here peroxisomes okay so the peroxisomes we do not hear this part of the cell often but it has a very it has an important uh function okay it actually metabolizes the lipid and is uh for it functions for chemical detoxification and then also responsible shock for the oxidation reaction that breaks down fatty acids okay and amino acids so that's uh one of the functions of eroxysomes now here's one it also oversees the reaction that neutralize free radicals okay free radicals we always hear this when networking we should do away with free radicals but actually our cell can already do that okay which cause free radicals which causes cellular damage and cell death okay that's why can you offer radicals um i don't know if you have heard it okay so if you are a young person and you are not able to join our networking here's our product the product is actually good for your body because it fights off free radicals but actually class okay those are good things because um one and we need supplements however if um normally like good normally like it up one body is already full pack and um full package okay and our body can already fight off free radicals but it's very important for the peroxisomes to function in the cell or in the body so moreover we have here peroxisomes chemically neutralize poisons through a process that produces large amounts of toxic hydrogen peroxide which is then converted into water and oxygen so if we sorry if we uh accidentally ingest okay or get a small amount of food hang on not enough for us to to die okay or cause injury and so superoxozoomes it neutralizes the poisons okay it creates okay hydrogen peroxide and then hydrogen peroxide it binds with um with the poison and it converts the other product there is converted into high water and oxygen so the liver is the organ primarily responsible for detoxifying the blood so before it travels throughout the body as a result the liver cells contains large amount of peroxisome so liver it actually can detoxifies and so before this poisons or other things that can be found in our body spreads throughout the all parts of our body so it is neutralized. The large of the liver cell it contains the Dagenchag peroxisomes compared to other parts or other organs of the body so the liver it contains the Dagenchag peroxisomes compared to heart compared to what else stomach and so it's peroxisomes mostly okay most or large amounts of the liver cells are peroxisomes okay so eukaryotic cells are mostly larger and multicellular now and plant and animal cells belongs to eukaryotic cells now here are the differences okay we compare and see the differences of plant cells and animal cells so we have here centrosomes okay we emphasized it this um a lot of times siguro four times ako nakamention any author out this module centrosomes and lysosomes are found in animal cells okay but they do not exist within the plant cells okay centrosomes and lysosomes can only be found in animal cells and not on those plant cells nahabot lysosomes lysosomes or animal cells they are garbage disposal okay so for lysosomes up Plants are so animal cell and young functional garbage disposal while in plant cells the same function takes place in vacuoles okay so uh who is in charge for the plant cell it's actually the vacuoles so plant cells okay they have cell wall chloroplast and other specialized plastics and a large okay a large central vacuole which are not found with in animal cells so we have here this is the plant cell and this is the animal cell so of course the the very big part here which is the circle is actually the nucleus and inside that is the nucleoplasm and the yellow one or the core is the nucleus right and then of course we have here the cell membrane this one and the same with plants it has cell membrane but outside the cell membrane it contains cell wall that gives actually plant uh plant cells defined um structure okay so see animal cell usually more like circular oblong and uh but the plant cell it's actually more like rectangle square because of the cell wall that is more rigid okay much stronger than the cell membrane and as you said well okay so we actually have this one is actually the this is the large vacuole okay the large vacuole of the the plants and we're going to we're going to see here uh some of the uh some of the parts of the cell are actually common okay they are common for both um plant cell and animal cell plant cell and animal cell but um there are also some plant animal or animal okay so here is the kanang this one goji apparatus and um in the plasmid reticulum we also have I'm sorry I didn't want to see you in class my video while recording is actually on this side okay where I'm pointing but anyway we're going to learn more in the next slide so I already mentioned that cell wall this one the outer layer of the plant cell is the rigid covering that protects the cell so it gives or it provides structural support and gives shape to the cells i just repeated that i already mentioned that in the previous slide so monish must define and shape me plant cell so the chloroplast can see chloroplast is found in plant cell they contain the green pigment chlorophyll okay this actually uh can you see uh green pigment chlorophyll it actually gives off the color green to the plants that's why generally all plants and trees are colored green okay so which captures the light energy that drives the reactions of plant photosynthesis okay so kinesi chlorophyll is in charge in capturing the sorry the sunlight because sunlight is very important in the process of photosynthesis so photosynthesis is the process where it makes plants make its own food right so with the central vacuole it plays a key role in regulating sorry a plant cells concentration of water in changing environmental conditions so kind of as you mentioned the concentration of water so if it's um very uh uh slow lang po ang pag release sa koan water and then magregulate siya it controls okay the the concentration of water okay diba ang plant class it needs water of course too in photosynthesis isang po siya yung mga kinahanglan is water so muna siyang central vacuole very important kay when plant plant goes photosynthesis kinahanglan siya water so if there are changing uh environmental conditions like you or in case of so that i'm walk out see central vacuole also see vacuole it acts as a storage okay or plant cell all right so we have a different image here for the plant and animal cell so you can see that animal cell actually does not have a kind of defined shape compared to a plant cell mass uh defined young structure because of the presence of the cell wall but most parts of the cells are common for plant and animal cells okay so it contains both the nucleus here which has nucleus inside and then the rough this one rough in the plasma critical and the smooth in the plasma particular both both also have mitochondria this one and Golgi body however you can see vacuole in plant cell but none in the animal cell because it has lysosome here also so uh monoshock was no mostly for plant and animal cells common parts of the cell uh except for those specialized or except for those specified part of the cells that functions for example the lysosomes function in digesting the nucleic acids or the macromolecules in general so now you have reasons why this part of the cell exists only in animal and this part of the cell exists only in plant animal according to their functions all right so we have learned most of the parts of the cell now we have also other um additional info about the parts of the cell or some some functions of the cell so we'll see that in the next slide so we have here cytoskeleton we're going to learn uh cytoskeleton class again in check printing story but we're just uh going to talk about microfilaments for us to have an idea about cytoskeleton. So we have here the microfilaments.
So what about microfilaments? They actually assist with cell movement and are made up of protein called actin. So kinesin microfilaments, it assists in the motion, in the mobility of the cell.
So actin works with another protein called myosin. So it... to produce muscle movements cell division and cytoplasmic streaming so you can see here this is actually an actin filament okay so it's a strand you can see it's a strand now um actin subunit is the circle that you can see each one there is an actin subunit so microfilaments keep organelles in place within the cell so it also makes sure that the the can we see the organelles kind of organelles are the parts of the cell all right organelles are the parts of the cell so they keep uh filaments keep the the organelles in place okay for example can you see nucleus they're not like a high up like lag can you see in the cg apparatus can you see the plastic they keep okay the organelles in place within the cell okay so that's how microfilaments work Finally we're done with our module 1 recorded video.
So I recorded this for you to be able to watch this lecture anytime that you wanted to review the parts of the cell. However, for more information, kindly read your module. And I also put there the instruction about activity 1 and activity 2. Now here's the thing. Please...
If you're done watching this video, you will be able to learn that I am actually changing the instruction in Activity 2. So here's what it is, guys. Instead of Activity 2 being simply an Activity 2, so instead of Activity 2, it's Activity 2, we will make that into your midterm PIT. so i wanted to emphasize good class the parts of the cell especially the animal cell and the blood cell because it is very important that when you study biology and when you say ah biology you have to really understand the functions and the parts of the cell okay basic nature so i wanted you to i wanted you to uh work more on that with more effort than that because that will serve as your midterm PIT. Okay.
So I will not be announcing this GC class. I will not be announcing this GC so that I will know who was really watching that recorded video. Okay. And again, that will serve, activity two will serve as your midterm PIT. So work diligently on that so that you will have a very good output because that will be recorded in your PIT.
So again, that's it. And if you have any more questions, you can just chat me, Sajisi, in the chat. Thank you so much for...
I hope there are no interactions like this for us and for me and for you. So you still made it through the last part. Thank you so much. And make sure to be... Make sure to keep on track of the deadlines for the submissions of your activities.
And what else? That's it, I guess. So basically, this is the story of what you did.
are just the basic okay basic clinicians a cell class actually if you wanted or if you wanted to really understand cell in my undergrad we actually take it the whole step okay is the cell bio okay cell biology and so there are actually a lot of things going inside the very small but a lot of things are going inside the cell okay very busy even when you're sleeping they're still doing their works okay so it's very important that we keep healthy so that we will stay healthy and ourselves will also stay healthy so if you if you if you're familiar with if you're familiar with the song every single cell in my body is happy every single cell in my body is well thank you God it feels so good every single cell in my body is well okay so every single cell can you tell me class they actually some of that are specific specific for example to some part of the body and to some part of the cell but if not in the doubt in a class it affects your whole body okay that's why it's very important that you have to be healthy keep healthy okay so that's it for today's video, charot, nabuntagan na po class, if you have noticed, gabi it ako, ganihan sa akong recording, now it's already morning, okay, ingana na siya kay, dahil hindi ko chika no, ingana kay pag mag-record ko galawan lang, ah, kayo yung noises around, so muna siyang magpagabiin na lang, alright, so that's it, again, have a great day, God bless you all, bye class, thank you, thank you,