Back to notes
What is ATP, and how do mitochondria produce it?
Press to flip
ATP is the energy currency of the cell, produced by mitochondria converting carbohydrates and fats into usable energy.
What distinguishes smooth endoplasmic reticulum from rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Smooth ER is involved in lipid production, detoxifying substances, and storing ions, while rough ER is associated with protein synthesis.
Why do animal cells have flexibility in their cell membrane?
Animal cells have flexible cell membranes, allowing them to create diverse cell types, tissues, and organs, and facilitate complex nerve and muscle structures.
How does the rigid cell wall affect plant cells compared to animal cells?
The rigid cell wall in plant cells provides structural support but limits their mobility and complexity compared to animal cells.
What role do centrosomes play in the eukaryotic cell?
Centrosomes assemble microtubules that help reinforce the structure of the cell.
How does the Golgi apparatus interact with proteins?
The Golgi apparatus processes and packages proteins, combines them with carbohydrates, and prepares vesicles for transport.
Why is the nucleus referred to as the 'brain' of the cell?
The nucleus stores DNA, which is central to cell regulation and commands organelle functions and cell operations.
What is the significance of mitochondria having their own DNA?
Mitochondria have their own DNA, which is maternally inherited and suggests their evolutionary origin as separate organisms.
How do ribosomes contribute to protein synthesis?
Ribosomes assemble amino acids into polypeptides either freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the nuclear envelope.
What role does the nucleolus play within the nucleus?
The nucleolus produces ribosomal RNA, forming ribosomal subunits essential for protein synthesis.
What is the primary function of lysosomes in animal cells?
Lysosomes enzymatically break down waste and debris, recycling materials for new cell-building.
What makes eukaryotic cells different from prokaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus containing DNA, whereas prokaryotic cells do not.
Describe the function of rough endoplasmic reticulum.
The rough endoplasmic reticulum, studded with ribosomes, is mainly involved in the synthesis of proteins.
Explain the role of the cell membrane in animal cells.
The cell membrane is selectively permeable and controls what substances enter and exit the cell.
What is the role of chromatin in cells, and how does it differ during cell division?
Chromatin stores DNA and organizes into chromosomes during cell division.
Previous
Next