Hello and welcome back to Pronunciation with Emma or welcome if you're brand new to my channel today's video is going to be very different because you're going to learn about English grammar more specifically you're going to learn how to use all the tenses in English from Level A1 to B2 to talk about the past present and future correctly in English I will be using the Cambridge English grammar in use ebook by Raymond Murphy to teach you all all the tenses today this is the world's bestselling grammar book and is perfect if you're self-studying and you want to learn and improve your English grammar with the new interactive ebook version of English grammar in use you can complete the activities check your answers instantly make notes and highlight important information and listen to recordings so you can improve your listening and pronunciation at the same time which is why I love this new ebook version you can also take it with you on the go so you can practice at any time on your device just for watching this lesson today I want to give you a special gift you can get 25% off the Cambridge English grammar in use ebook when you use the code GIUSAVE25 GIUSAVE25 to get your own copy of the ebook just click the link in the description and remember to use the code GIUSAVE25 to get your 25% off once you have purchased your ebook you can start using it straight away no waiting around for deliveries now let's start with today's English grammar lesson to help you practice and improve your English grammar even faster I have created a pdf version of today's lesson notes and activities for you to download completely for free the free pdf contain all of today's lesson notes summarised for you all of the activities as well as some additional pronunciation tips because of course it's important to focus on your pronunciation too and I am pronunciation with Emma so to download your free pdf just click the link Down Below in the description so today you're going to learn 10 different tenses and ways to talk about the past present and future more accurately in English you can use the timestamps down at the bottom of the video or in the description to choose the tense that you want to focus on or you can just watch the whole lesson at the end of every unit there is a little test for you to practice and see how much you've learned are you ready let's go let's start with the present continuous take a look at this example here Sarah is in her car she is on her way to work she is driving to work this means that Sarah is driving right now at the time of speaking the action has not finished to create the present continuous start with the subject for example I you she he it and so on then you add the conjugated form of to be for example I am you are he she it is ETC we call this type of verb an auxiliary verb this is because the verb be like I am you are Etc in this case in this specific tense it's not actually the action it's not actually the verb this verb B is going to help us construct the tense so now we have the subject we have the auxiliary verb be after that we add the ing form of the verb this particular ing form is called the gerund in English but to keep things very simple and to not use too many technical terms I'm just going to call it the ing form so to create the ing form or the gerund form of the verb you just take the normal verb and you add ing to the end of it so work becomes working do becomes doing and drive becomes driving if the verb ends with an e for example like in drive as we saw in our first sentence you remove the E and then you add in so it becomes driving the same happens with write you remove the E and then you add in to create writing to sound more natural in English you can combine the subject and our auxiliary verb to be together so I am becomes I'm you are becomes your she is becomes she's Etc using contractions will make you sound much more natural so get used to using them and hearing them because you will hear them a lot so now you know how to use the present continuous to talk about an action happening right now at the time of speaking but you can also use the present continuous to talk about an action that's in progress and hasn't finished yet let me give you an example I'm reading a really good book right now I'm not reading the book now in this moment it's not in my hand off camera it's not happening now but I started reading the book and the action of reading that book continues I haven't finished reading the book I am still continuing to read the book so we can use the present continuous to talk about actions that haven't finished yet we are still in the middle of that action I'm still in the middle of reading my book to make the negative form all you need to do is add not after the auxiliary verb be so I am not reading a book or I'm not reading a book Let's now do some activities to help you practice the present continuous take a look at these pictures and tell me what's happening use the verb above the picture to help you construct the sentence pause the video if you feel you need a bit more time so for number one you can say she is taking a picture she's taking a picture or you can use the contracted form she's taking a picture for the second one you can say they are crossing the road they are crossing the road or the contracted form they're crossing the road now we're going to look at the present simple look at this example Alex works as a nurse he drives to work every day we use the present simple tense to talk about things in general like facts or we use it to talk about routines and habits Alex works as a nurse is a fact it's something constant it's something general it's true and he drives to work every day is a habit it's a routine to make the present simple tense for regular verbs all you need to do is take the infinitive form of the word for example to work and you remove to so you're left with What's called the bare infinitive once you're left with that all you need to do is just conjugate it for he she it this is very simple a lot of the time you just add an S so you have I work you work he she it works they work we work and that's it you only conjugate he she it in English when you're talking about the present simple let's try another one for example to drive what do we do we remove to so we're left with drive then we only conjugate the third person so he she it and what do we add to the end an S so we say I drive you drive he she it drives we drive they drive remember he she it is the only one that changes to make the negative form of the present simple all you need to do is add do not or does not for he she it and you add that after the subject so I do not drive she does not drive you only need to conjugate do in this case so you don't need to say she does not drives that's a really common mistake you only conjugate does he does not drive she does not drive again if you want to sound more natural then make sure you use the contracted form I don't drive she doesn't drive so let's practice the present simple with some activities complete these sentences using the following verbs and pause the video if you feel you need more time number one I speak English and French number two John and Jane do not go to the same school or John and Jane don't go to the same school number three the shop closes at 6:00 p.m. so it's the only one that changes the shop Clos closes because it's a singular here we're treating it like it so he she it closes the shop closes so remember to add that s now let's compare the present continuous and the present simple so you use the present continuous to talk about things that are happening at or around the time of speaking or when an action started in the past and it isn't complete yet you use the present simple to talk about more General things like facts or to talk about things that happen repeatedly like habits or routines here are some examples to show you the difference I'm filming a video right now which is true I'm in this moment and telling you I'm filming a video right now I'm talking about an action as I am doing that action but I film a video video every week is a routine it's something repeated here are now some exercises to help you practice the difference between present simple and present continuous look at the underlined verb and decide whether it's correct or not if it's not correct then I'd like you to correct it feel free to pause the video if you need more time number one John is looking for a job this sentence is correct because the action is not complete yet it's still happening he is still looking for a job number two water is boiling at 100°C this is incorrect and the reason for this is because it's a fact so water boils at 100° C and number three the last one she is walking her dog every every day this one is not correct because it's a routine every day we need to use the present simple she walks her dog every day now let's move on to some past tenses and ways that you can talk about past actions take a look at this sentence I went to a party last week this is an example of the past simple we use the past simple to talk about actions which started and finished in the past as we know that the party happened last week it's definitely finished the party is not continuing now it finished last week so we know to use the past simple to create the past simple tense in English with regular verbs all you need to do is add Eed D to the end of the verb so the verb work becomes worked want becomes wanted and so on if the verb ends with a Y you change the Y into an i and then add Eed for example study becomes studied there are three possible ways to pronounce the Ed endings in English and if you'd like a full lesson to know when and how to pronounce those Ed endings then check out my video on that I will leave it linked Down Below in the description I have also included a little summary in the downloadable PDF lesson notes so you can practice your pronunciation there as well keep in mind that there are lots of irregular verbs in English which don't follow this Ed ending rule for example write doesn't become writed it becomes wrote C is not seed it's saw go is not goed it's went and run is not runed or runed which I hear a lot it's ran so keep an eye out for irregular verbs in English because there are many when you want to use the negative form all you need to do is add did not after the subject so yesterday I went to the park in the negative form it becomes yesterday I did not go to the park it's a really really common mistake for Learners to say yesterday I did not went you don't need to conjugate that main verb all you need to do is say did and that's it so yesterday I did not go to the park let's now practice the past simple with some exercises let's read what Laura is saying here as you'll see it's all in the present tense but listen carefully because I'm going to ask you some questions after we finished reading I usually get up at 7:00 and have a big breakfast I walk to work which takes me about half an hour I start work at 8:45 I never have lunch I finish work at 5:00 I'm always tired when I get home I usually cook a meal in the evening I don't usually go out I go to bed at about 11:00 and I always sleep well now let's mention we're talking about Laura's day but in the past number one what time did Laura get up Laura got up at 7:00 got is the past simple of get it is irregular number two did Laura eat lunch no Laura did not eat lunch or she didn't eat lunch remember we don't say did not ate we don't need to put the main verb into the past as well because did is already telling us that it happened in the past number three what time did Laura go to bed Laura went to bed at 11:00 went is the past tense of go go is an irregular verb in English now let's look at the past continuous the structure for the past continuous is really similar to the present continuous so if you remember the present continuous is the subject then the verb to be which is our auxiliary verb our helping verb and then the ing form of the verb the main verb for example I am doing all we need to do for the past continuous is just change the verb to be into the past so I was doing I am doing I was doing that's very simple to do so remember that the verb to be is irregular so I am doing you are doing he she it is doing becomes I was doing you were doing he she it was doing here's another example for you this time last year he was living in London here we use the past continuous he was living in London because the action happened for a long period of time in the past here's another example at 9:00 a.m. I started playing tennis at 1100 a.m. I finished playing tennis at 10:00 a.m. I was playing tennis here I'm using the past continuous with I was playing tennis because I was in the middle of doing a longer action in the past you can also use the past simple and the past continuous together to talk about how a longer action was interrupted by another action for example I was taking a shower when you called me so I was in the middle of doing a longer action when you interrupted that action now let's practice with some activities take a look at this task here I'd like you to fill in the gaps pause the video if you need more time I saw Sarah in town yesterday but she didn't see me she was looking in the other direction so with the first sentence I saw Sarah it happened in the past it was an action that finished in the past but she didn't see me again this is one action that happened in the past and finished in the past but we use she was looking in the other direction because this action happened for a longer period of time she was doing the action of looking in the other direction when I saw her so she didn't see me those two little actions happened while she was looking in the other direction next we have the present perfect in English we use the present perfect to talk about experiences that happened in the past with no specific time given to them to create this tense you have the subject for example I and then you have the auxiliary verb have this only con Ates with he she it like our other verbs and it becomes he she it has then you use What's called the past participle of the verb the past participle is usually formed by adding Ed to the end of the verb so a verb like walk becomes walked just like we looked at with the past simple so in the present perfect this becomes I have walked I have walked you can also contract the subject and the auxiliary verb have and just say I've walked again you can do that with all the different subjects so you have walked becomes you've walked she he it has walked so bear in mind that that has changes there has walked so she's walked he's walked it's walked we'd walked and they'd walked walked a lot of irregular verbs in English tend to have e n at the end of the past participle so write becomes wrote in the past simple but written in the past participle the same with take took and taken or eat ate and eaten so let's take a look at an example of when we use the present perfect to talk about experiences take a look at this example I have been to Japan do you know when I went to Japan no we don't know when I went to Japan all that matters here is the experience it's the action that's all that's important with the present perfect you can also use the present perfect to talk about actions which started in the past but they continue to happen in the present or there is a connection to the present for example I have lost my keys this means that I lost my keys in the past and they are still lost now because with the present perfect there is a connection to the present if you say I lost my keys with the present simple it's not clear whether you found your keys or not they could still be lost or maybe you found them but with the present perfect when you say I have lost my keys it implies that the keys are still lost to make the negative form of the present perfect just add not after have or has so I have not lost my keys she has not lost her keys let's now practice with some exercises using the words in the brackets I'd like you to fill the gaps for example we have he a horse he has ridden a horse ridden is the past participle of ride ride Rod ridden it's irregular now I'd like you to try with these three sentences here using the verb in the brackets I'd like you to fill the Gap with the present perfect pause the video if you feel you need more time number one irregular verb eaten she has not eaten all the bread or she hasn't eaten all the bread number two I have met her before or I've met her before number three he has not finished his homework or he hasn't finished his homework now let's move on to the present perfect continuous we use the present perfect continuous to talk about an action which started in the past and it continues to happen up to the present time this is formed in a very similar way to the present perfect tense the only difference is just adding a little bit extra so we start with the subject and then have or has like we looked at before I have or you have he she it has remember the third person always changes then you add been so I've been you've been he she it has been Etc then you add the ing form of the verb remember we looked at this with the continuous verbs like I am doing here we can say I have been doing I have been doing you have been doing he she it has been doing and remember you only need to conjugate the auxiliary verb have so I have have you have he she it has has is the only one you need to think about conjugating here so here's an example a real example I have been recording this video for over 3 hours it's true so I've been recording this video for over 3 hours so I'm using the present perfect tense here because I'm talking about an action which started in the past and it's continuing to happen in the present you can also use it for actions which have only recently stopped but there is a connection somehow to the present I'll give you some examples example number one I have been living in Spain for 2 years the action started 2 years ago and it continues to happen now in the present with the second example I'd like you to imagine that you're looking outside your window you you see that the sky is now clear but before it was raining and it only stopped raining about 5 minutes ago you can say it has been raining now this time we're talking about an action which started in the past and only recently finished so with the present perfect continuous you can use it to talk about actions which started in the past and only recently finished now let's practice with some examples I'm going to read some sentences to give you context but I'd like you to fill the gaps pause if you need more time number one it is snowing it started snowing 3 hours ago it for 3 hours it has been snowing for 3 hours number two I am learning Spanish I started learning Spanish 10 years ago I Spanish for 10 years I have been learning Spanish for 10 years number three I started cleaning my office this morning I finished just before I started recording this video I my office all morning I have been cleaning my office all morning now let's look at the past perfect we use the past perfect when we want to say that one action happened before another action for example Sarah had finished her homework before she ate dinner she had finished her homework first and then the second action was she ate dinner here's another example I had eaten before you arrived so I had eaten was the first action then after that you arrived as you can see the structure of the past perfect is really similar to the present perfect remember with the present perfect we used I have eaten but with the past perfect you just put have into the past I had eaten you had eaten she he it had eaten to sound more natural you can contract and you can say I'd done you'd done we'd done she'd done he'd done Etc to make it negative you just add not after had so I had cleaned becomes I had not cleaned or to sound more natural you can squish those words together and contract them and say I hadn't cleaned now let's practice with some example sentences as always you can pause to give yourself extra time number one the performance before we arrived the performance had started before we arrived number two he the door before he went to bed he had locked the door before he went to bed number three I my suitcase before I left for the airport I had packed my suitcase before I left for the airport now let's move on to the next tense I'm going to read an example sentence pay attention yesterday I got home from work extremely tired I had been working hard all day this is the past perfect continuous you use the past perfect continuous to emphasize the duration of an action so if you think of past perfect as just being one complete action past perfect continuous is a longer action and you're emphasizing that that action happened for a long time and it happened before another action happened so in our example sentence I had been working all day I'm emphasizing the fact I had been working for a long time all day and then I got home so that second inter interaction that second action is I got home here's another example I had been painting the house before you arrived I had been painting for a long time and then you arrived so by using the past perfect continuous I'm emphasizing the duration of the action to create the structure for the past perfect Contin it's very easy because nothing really changes you don't need to conjugate anything you just start with the subject then had been and then the ing form of the verb for example I had been waiting in a full sentence I had been waiting for half an hour when the boss finally arrived so I had been waiting for half an hour when the boss finally arrived you can also use use the past perfect continuous to talk about cause and effect for example she was out of breath because she had been running remember to sound more natural you can contract the subject and had together so you can say I'd been doing you'd been doing she'd been doing he'd been doing it had been doing we'd been doing and so on and to make it negative you just add not in between had and been so I had not been doing she had not been doing you had not been doing or you can contract and you can say hadn't so you contract had and not this time I hadn't been doing you hadn't been doing she hadn't been doing Etc now it's time to practice your grammar with some more exercises remember pause the video if you need more time number one we V dear games all afternoon before our mom told us to stop we had been playing or we'd been playing notice as well that when I say this very quickly I don't say had been playing I say had been had been playing so keep that in mind for your pronunciation and it will also help you with your listening skills number two Phil was very tired when he got home he all day he had been working all day or he'd been working all day number three the bus was extremely late everyone for the bus for over an hour everyone had been waiting for the bus for over an hour number four Maria failed her exam she very hard all summer she hadn't been studying very hard all summer now it's time to talk about the future when you decide in the present moment to do something in the future you use will conjugating will is very easy because it doesn't change so we say I will do so you add the verb after you will do she will do he will do it will do we will do they will do it's very easy you don't need to change anything to sound more natural you can contract the subject and will I'll do you'll do she'll do Etc now let's imagine this for a moment you walk into a room and you see that the window is open someone has left the window open so you say oh I'll close the window I'll close the window you use will in this case because you're setting the intention now you can also use will when you want to offer to do something for example that box looks heavy I'll help you you can also use will when you agree to do something for example I'll give you this book the next time I see you and finally you can use will to make promises for example I'll send you the document later to make will into the negative you just add not after it so I will not send you the document if you want to sound more natural then you just contract will and not together and create won't so I won't send you the document later you can also use won't when you want to say that someone or something refuses to do something so it sounds very very strong like a strong refusal for example the pen won't work or imagine you can't close the window you can say the window won't close it's like it's refusing to close let's say when we talk about plans for the future we tend to use will when we make the plan in that moment while we're speaking for example imagine you ask me now Emma what are you going to do this weekend and I have no plans I could say oo I don't know I think I'll go to the park I think I'll go because I just decided now I made the plan now while I'm talking to you you can also use will for General future intentions and plans so it's not concrete it's just one day it will happen for example one day I'll travel to India I don't know when I don't have a plan I have no idea idea when I will go but I will go one day here's another example I'll see you another time do I know when I will see you no but I will I intend to I plan to one day in the future see you sometime so you see that with will we don't really have any concrete intentions it's not necessarily a 100% plan next we're going to look at going to going to is for future plans that you have already decided to do so you intend to do these plans because you've already decided to do them in the past for example imagine that today is Monday and I decide I want to buy a new phone I then make the plan to go to the shop on Saturday to buy the new phone then on Thursday you see me and you say Emma do you have any plans for Saturday and I say yes I do on Saturday I'm going to buy a new phone so I use I'm going to buy because I made the plan on Monday I set the intention the plan on Monday the structure for going to is very simple just use the subject for example I and then the present form of to be so I am then the phrase going to and then the verb so I am going to visit you are going to visit she's going to visit we are going to visit they are going to visit to sound more natural you can contract the subject and to be so I'm going to visit you're going to visit she's going to visit he's going to visit Etc here are some more examples I'm going to have a coffee with my friend tomorrow you can also use going to with future actions or predictions which are very very obvious for example careful you're going to walk into that wall you're going to get sick if you only eat junk food now take a look at these sentences and complete the gaps remember you can pause the video if you need more time number one his car stopped working last week so he another one tomorrow so he is going to buy another one tomorrow or he's going to buy another one tomorrow number two I'm too tired so I football tonight so I'm not going to play football tonight or so I am not going to play football tonight number three he bought a new table but he doesn't know where he it yet where he is going to put it yet or where he's going to put it yet finally our last two tenses that we're going to look at in this unit are actually two tenses you have already learned in this video before you learned how to use the present continuous to talk about actions that are happening right now for example I am recording a video and you also learn about how to use the present simple to talk about things which are a routine or a general fact for example I record videos every week take a look at these examples using the present continuous but we're talking about the future I'm not working tomorrow I'm meeting my friend this evening here we're using the present continuous but why because these are concrete plans which I've already decided to do in the future notice how using the present continuous and going to are very similar because you use both of them to talk about actions you already decided to do but the key difference here is that when you know a plan or an action will 100% happen in the future you use the present continuous the present continuous sounds stronger it sounds like 100% the action is going to happen when you use is going to it basically indicates to the other person ah okay that person set the intention in the past the plan has already been made but it doesn't sound as concrete as present continuous the present continuous sounds very concrete like 100% that plan is going to happen for example I can't help you tomorrow I'm visiting my grandparents it sounds like 100% I'm visiting my grandparents no matter what that plan is not going to change now let's look at the present simple and using it for the future take a look at these examples tomorrow my plane leaves at 700 a.m. classes start next week at 9:00 a.m. so notice with these that when we use the present simple to talk about future actions it's for things which follow a schedule so anything that follows a timetable or a schedule of some kind you can use the present simple for example Transportation like train times flights Etc you can use it for Cinema times for TV times things like that like TV programs all of these follow a schedule or you could use it for courses like the classes start at 9:00 a.m. they follow a timetable I'd like you to look at these sentences and decide whether we should use the present simple or the present continuous in the gaps remember you can pause the video if you need more time number one Susan is not visiting us tomorrow or Susan isn't visiting us tomorrow so this is a concrete plan she's not visiting us tomorrow number two the meeting starts at 10:00 tomorrow morning the meeting starts because it's a sh scheduled thing it's a scheduled event number three I'm afraid I can't help you tomorrow I am visiting my grandparents or I'm visiting my grandparents we use the present continuous because this is a concrete 100% plan number four the train leaves at 6:00 p.m. the train leaves because this this train follows a timetable it follows a schedule so we use the present simple and that is the end of today's English grammar lesson on all the tenses from levels A1 to B2 to talk about the past present and future correctly in English if you want to practice today's tenses and learn even more tenses to help you speak English more accurately and confidently then remember that you can get 25% off the interactive book version of Cambridge's English grammar in use just remember to use the code GIUSAVE25 GIUSAVE25 the link to get your copy of the interactive ebook is in the description of this video just remember to use your code to get 25% off at the checkout remember to also download the free pdf version of today's lesson notes with all of today's exercises answers and some pronunciation tips scatter throughout so you can practice and improve your English pronunciation as well the link to download your free pdf is in the description of this video if you have made it all the way to this part of the video then thank you so much for watching and comment down below with your favourite animal my favourite animal I think I think my favourite animals are dogs and my best friend is here right now you can't see her but Freya is here here she's been here the whole time I've recorded this video I've been recording for about 5 hours poor thing I should go take her for a walk right now remember to give this video a like if you've enjoyed it and you've learned something new and remember to subscribe if you'd like more videos to help you improve your English pronunciation thank you for watching bye-bye