this section is about the basic terminology that we will be using in this course so um how we describe uh the movement depending on um the direction the anatomical terms that we use um if we look at um this figure right here uh we look at this person from the side we can divide the body into anterior and posterior right if we are looking at the Torso or the trunk we typically say uh this is ventral and then this is dorsal you can use this uh to the hand as well that this is voler or uh pmer and this is dorsal and in general we describe this as in anterior and posterior to the body when we draw a line a midline to the body when it is uh uh toward uh the midline here we call it medial when it's away from the uh midline we call it lateral so example is the delto is lateral uh to the sternum if we draw a line to separate the body into uh into uh up and down the half um um something toward the hair we call it Superior and then something toward the feet we call it inferior so for example um the upper arm is superior to the hand um there are different terms that people use for example cranial that means toward the head however when you see uh C that's specifically to the tail that means the spine not the feet though so be be careful about uh the term that you use to describe uh when we learn Anatomy we know uh there are different layers in our body right so we also use a superficial and deep to describe um how um where the U tissue is located when it's closer to the surface we call it superficial when it's below the superficial structure we call it deep we use this uh to describe some uh um terms in anatomy for example a flexor digitorum profundus is more deep than flexo digor superficialis another terminology that commonly used is movement plan and um AIS uh in general We Have A sagittal plan to separate the body into right and and left we have h a coronal or frontal plan to separate the body into anterior and posterior we have a transverse plan to separate the body into Superior and inferior there are axis that is 90° to each movement plan so you can imagine you can take a piece of paper that pretending this piece of paper is a movement plan and then you can poke a pen through uh this piece of paper then the pen represent the axis for example if you uh place the the paper in as the sagittal plan and then uh you can see the axxis which is the pan is aligned with the frontal um plan right so the sagittal plan will have access for um the frontal the frontal plane movement is actually having A sagittal access to it so we will go deeper so sagittal plane separate the body into right and left a plane of movement uh can be seen as flexion extension so the example here is flexing the head extended the head or the neck so the axis for the movement is a frontal access to it coronal or frontal plan um um is a movement um that allows abduction and adduction so when we um um determine the access to the frontal plan is really the satal plan right so you can see uh frontal plan movement allows abduction adduction and it's moving around um the sator access transverse or horizontal plan that offers uh rotation it separate um the body into upper and lower right Superior and inferior so the movement within this uh transverse plan is rotation that turn our body so this is a repeat for the axis again axis is a imaginary straight line around which object rotates move from at the Joint uh happened in the plan around an axis so there are sagittal axis frontal axis and and longitudinal or vertical axis let's take the Cal plan again um so Sagal plan allows um allows uh flection extension right so the movement axis um would be the frontal axis um and then movement within the frontal plan is abduction adduction and it's movement around the sagittal axis rotation happened within the transverse plane and it's moving around the longitudinal axis longitudinal axis you can imagine there's a line um uh through our head toward the sky so there's another term uh called degrees of freedom it's uh the number of uh ples around a joint for example a single um plane uh movement let's say of a hinge joint that's one degree of Freedom right if a joint uh afford three planes of movement like gleno humoral joint or hip joints it allows movement uh in the sagittal plan for flexion extension uh movement for uh frontal plan uh for abduction abduction and movement within the transverse plan for internal external rotation it uh it allows three three degrees of freedom so this joint has a three degrees of freedom and this is a table that I try to um categorize the movement plan and then uh offer some examples that we do in um uh an activity form so for example for the sagittal plan is fraction extension right or let's say a bicep curl and walking is also uh within the sagittal plan and squatting is also and then frontal plane is uh away and toward the body like a jumping jacks snow and angs with side bending that's um a frontal plan movement around the satal axis transverse plan uh is like a checking the mirrors or driving or spinning this kind of movement this is also my another attempt to categorize The Joint movement uh the joints and its move movement so um this will be something that you need to get familiar with and um you will use these terms throughout the whole semester and maybe the entire uh OT uh curriculum