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Explain the function and components of the human excretory system.
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The excretory system, comprising kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra, filters blood and removes wastes as urine.
What are the types of respiration and their key differences?
Aerobic respiration involves the complete breakdown of glucose with oxygen, releasing a large amount of energy. Anaerobic respiration does not use oxygen and releases less energy, resulting in by-products like ethanol or lactic acid.
How does the heart contribute to transportation in the human body?
The heart pumps blood through arteries and veins, allowing for double circulation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
What is the role of stomata in plant respiration and gas exchange?
Stomata are openings on the leaf surface that allow the exchange of gases (O2 and CO2) and facilitate transpiration for water loss.
What differentiates aerobic respiration from anaerobic respiration in terms of energy yield and by-products?
Aerobic respiration generates more energy (38 ATP) and produces CO2 and water as by-products. Anaerobic respiration yields less energy and results in by-products like ethanol or lactic acid.
Describe the transport system in plants.
Plants transport water and nutrients upwards through the xylem (transpiration) and food from leaves to other parts through the phloem (translocation).
What role do nephrons play in the excretory system?
Nephrons are the filtration units within the kidneys, consisting of structures like the Bowman's capsule and Henle's loop, and they are crucial for filtering blood.
How do plants manage their excretory processes?
Plants remove gaseous wastes through stomata, liquid waste via transpiration, and solid waste by shedding old leaves and bark.
What is the difference between autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition?
Autotrophic nutrition involves organisms making their own food from simple inorganic materials (e.g., plants). Heterotrophic nutrition involves organisms depending on others for food (e.g., humans, and animals).
What substances are transported by the xylem and phloem in plants?
Xylem transports water and nutrients from the roots to other parts of the plant, while phloem transports food (sugars) from the leaves to other regions.
What are the primary components and function of the human blood system?
The blood system includes plasma, RBCs, WBCs, and platelets, and it transports substances throughout the body.
Define and differentiate between saprophytic, parasitic, and holozoic nutrition.
Saprophytic involves living on dead/decaying matter, parasitic involves living on/in a host, and holozoic involves ingestion/digestion of complex organic matter.
Describe the events that take place during photosynthesis.
Absorption of light, conversion of light energy to chemical energy, splitting of water, and reduction of CO2 to carbohydrates.
Explain the process and equation of photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis involves converting CO2 and water into glucose and oxygen in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll. The equation is: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6 O2.
List the stages of respiration.
The stages include External Respiration (breathing and gas exchange) and Internal Respiration (gas exchange between blood and body cells).
Explain how amoeba obtains its nutrition.
Amoeba uses pseudopodia to engulf food particles in a process called phagocytosis, then digests the food internally.
What are the main life processes essential for survival?
Nutrition, Respiration, Transportation, and Excretion.
Describe the types of metabolic wastes in humans and where each originates.
Digestive waste from digestion, respiratory waste like CO2 from cellular respiration, and nitrogenous wastes such as urea and uric acid from protein metabolism.
What is the function of the lymphatic system in humans?
The lymphatic system absorbs fats and excess tissue fluids and helps in the body's defense mechanisms.
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