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How do G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) in dendrites contribute to neuron function?
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GPCRs contribute to graded potentials through the involvement of second messengers.
Explain the term 'pseudo-unipolar neuron' and where one might be found.
A pseudo-unipolar neuron has a single process that divides into two branches, found in peripheral and central processes like the dorsal root ganglion (DRG).
What is the function of SNARE proteins in the axon terminal?
Facilitate vesicle fusion for neurotransmitter release
Describe the clinical relevance of SSRIs in the context of neuron function.
SSRIs inhibit the reuptake of serotonin, increasing its availability in the synaptic cleft and enhancing neurotransmission.
Describe the process of anterograde transport in axons.
Anterograde transport, facilitated by kinesin, moves materials from the cell body to the axon terminal.
What roles do kinesin and dynein play in neurons?
Kinesin facilitates anterograde transport (from cell body to axon terminal), while dynein facilitates retrograde transport (from axon terminal to cell body).
What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in neuron protein synthesis?
It processes and packages proteins, including neurotransmitters, enzymes, and membrane proteins.
Which types of ion channels are involved in generating EPSPs and IPSPs in the dendrites?
Ligand-gated ion channels (LGIC)
Differentiate between General Somatic Efferent (GSE) and Special Visceral Efferent (SVE) neurons.
GSE neurons transmit signals from CNS to skeletal muscles, whereas SVE neurons transmit signals to head/neck muscles associated with cranial nerves V, VII, IX, X.
What is the primary role of the cell body (soma) in neurons?
Protein synthesis
What type of neuron is involved in signal relay between sensory and motor neurons, and where are they typically located?
Interneurons, which are commonly found in the CNS.
What is the function of the axon hillock?
It's crucial for the initiation of action potentials.
Identify a key difference between multipolar and bipolar neurons.
Multipolar neurons have multiple dendrites and one axon, while bipolar neurons have one dendrite and one axon.
What are the functional classifications of sensory neurons?
Sensory neurons are classified as General Visceral Afferent (GVA), General Somatic Afferent (GSA), Special Sensory Afferent (SSA), and Special Visceral Afferent (SVA).
What are the primary receptive zones of a neuron?
Dendrites
Name two types of neurons found in the motor cortex and cerebellum.
Pyramidal cells (motor cortex) and Purkinje cells (cerebellum).
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