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How do desert plants adapt to minimize water loss during photosynthesis?
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Desert plants capture sunlight during the day and open their stomata at night to minimize water loss.
Describe the role of the nephron in the human excretory system.
The nephron filters blood to remove impurities, reabsorbs useful substances, and secretes additional wastes, forming urine.
What are the differences between egestion and excretion?
Egestion is the removal of solid waste from the body, while excretion is the removal of metabolic waste.
What are the components and function of the human circulatory system?
The circulatory system includes blood, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries), and the heart, and it distributes nutrients and removes waste.
Compare systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation in the heart.
Systemic circulation moves blood from the heart to the body and back, while pulmonary circulation moves blood from the heart to the lungs and back.
What is the importance of guard cells in stomatal functioning?
Guard cells control the opening and closing of stomata, thereby regulating gas exchange and transpiration.
What is the main function of stomata in plants?
Stomata facilitate gas exchange (CO2 and O2) and transpiration.
Differentiate aerobic respiration from anaerobic respiration.
Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen and produces CO2, H2O, and ATP, while anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and produces either ethanol (in yeast) or lactic acid (in muscles).
Define autotrophic nutrition and provide an example.
Autotrophic nutrition is the process by which organisms produce their own food. An example is photosynthesis in plants.
What is holozoic nutrition and give an example.
Holozoic nutrition involves ingesting and digesting solid food. Humans and animals are examples.
Explain the process and necessity of dialysis in kidney failure patients.
Dialysis artificially removes waste from the blood, mimicking kidney function for patients with kidney failure.
What are the end products of photosynthesis?
Glucose and Oxygen
Differentiate between plasma and blood corpuscles in blood composition.
Plasma is the liquid component of blood, while blood corpuscles include RBCs (oxygen transport), WBCs (immunity), and platelets (clotting).
Explain the process of glycolysis in cellular respiration.
Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP and occurs in the cytoplasm.
What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O + Sunlight → C6H12O6 + 6O2
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