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Differentiate between 'Goals' and 'Educational Objectives' in the context of learning targets.
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Goals are general statements about desired learner outcomes over a program or year, whereas Educational Objectives are specific expected performances at the end of an instructional unit.
Explain the concept of an 'Affective Target' and provide an example.
An 'Affective Target' involves the development of emotional or affective characteristics. An example would be developing an appreciation for ethical issues in research.
What type of assessment methods is appropriate for evaluating 'Reasoning Target'?
Problem-solving and essays are appropriate methods for evaluating 'Reasoning Target.'
List the hierarchy of cognitive processes according to Bloom’s original taxonomy.
1. Knowledge 2. Comprehension 3. Application 4. Analysis 5. Synthesis 6. Evaluation
Why is it important to use diagnostic assessment in the classroom?
Diagnostic assessment is important to identify learners' weaknesses and strengths, allowing teachers to tailor their instruction to better meet individual needs.
What is the main purpose of 'Assessment of Learning'?
To determine learners' acquired knowledge and skills from instruction. It is summative and used to measure how much students have learned.
Describe a summative assessment and provide two examples.
A summative assessment aims to measure students' knowledge and skills after instruction. Examples include major exams and monthly tests.
List and briefly describe the five roles of classroom assessment in the teaching-learning process.
1. Formative: Aid in lesson planning by acquiring information on learners' current status. 2. Diagnostic: Identify learners' strengths and weaknesses to tailor instruction. 3. Evaluative: Measure learners' performances for grading. 4. Facilitative: Provide information to improve instruction and learning strategies. 5. Motivational: Encourage learners to engage and improve their performance.
Give an example of 'Assessment as Learning' and its purpose.
Examples include self-assessment questions and reflective tasks with the purpose of helping learners become self-regulated and reflective about their learning.
What is the highest level in the updated Bloom’s Taxonomy by Anderson & Krathwohl and its associated verbs?
The highest level is 'Create,' with associated verbs such as produce and develop.
Provide an example of a 'Knowledge Target' and a 'Skills Target'.
'Knowledge Target': Explain the role of a conceptual framework in research. 'Skills Target': Facilitate a group discussion.
What formative method can be used by teachers to gauge student understanding during a lesson?
Teacher questioning during lessons can be used to formatively gauge student understanding.
According to Bloom’s Taxonomy, what cognitive process is involved in the 'Application' level?
The 'Application' level involves using knowledge in concrete situations, exemplified by actions like applying and demonstrating.
How does a 'Product Target' differ from other types of learning targets?
A 'Product Target' focuses on creating a tangible product, such as writing a thesis proposal, unlike other types of targets that may focus on knowledge, reasoning, skills, or affective characteristics.
How does 'Assessment for Learning' differ from 'Assessment of Learning'?
'Assessment for Learning' is formative, used to identify learners' needs to modify instruction or activities, and is not graded. 'Assessment of Learning' is summative and used to determine what students have learned for grading purposes.
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