Class 9, Civics: What is Democracy? Why Democracy?

Introduction

• Welcome to the session
• Previous session: Class 10, Chapter on Power Sharing
• Current Session: Class 9, Chapter 1 - What is Democracy? Why Democracy?
• Plan to complete all chapters in 10 days, monthly roadmap thereafter

Definition of Democracy

• Democracy: A form of government where rulers are elected by the people
• Just a definition is not enough; Features of democracy also need to be understood

Features of Democracy

1. Rulers Elected by the People

   • Decisions made by elected individuals
   • Example: Pakistan's history with Pervez Musharraf

2. Free and Fair Elections

   • Elections should allow for a fair chance of losing for those currently in power
   • Example: China and Mexico
     • China's elections controlled by the Communist Party
     • Mexico's long reign of a single party (PRI) using unfair practices

3. One Person, One Vote

   • Equal value for each vote
   • Examples where this principle is violated:
     • Saudi Arabia (historical voting rights of women)
     • Estonia (issues with Russian minority's voting rights)
     • Fiji (different weight for votes of indigenous vs. Indian Fijians)

4. Rule of Law and Respect for Rights

   • Democratic government respects constitutional limits and citizen rights
   • Example: Zimbabwe's struggle under Robert Mugabe

Arguments Against Democracy

• Political Instability: Frequent change of leaders
• Power Play: Political competition leads to lack of morality
• Delay in Decision Making: Needs broad consultation leading to delays
• Inefficient Leaders: Elected leaders may not know the best for the people
• Corruption: Electoral competition can lead to corruption
• Ordinary Citizens' Role: May not know what is good, yet decide everything

Arguments for Democracy

• Accountability: Democracies hold governments accountable
• Quality Decisions: Decisions are debated and discussed, improving quality
• Conflict Resolution: Provides methods to deal with differences and conflicts
• Enhances Dignity: Ensures dignity and equality of citizens
• Correct Mistakes: Allows correction of mistakes by voting out unsuitable leaders

Broader Meaning of Democracy

• Not just elections and leaders; a way of life
• Quality, liberty, justice, power-sharing
• Aims for an ideal democracy, improving quality of life

Conclusion

• Democracy encompasses more than just a form of government; it is an organization and way of life that sets ideal standards for governance.
• Future sessions to cover remaining chapters and topics.

Next Session

• Chapter: The Story of Village Palampur