Philippine Revolution | Key Points and Significance

Overview

• Time Period: August 1896 - 1898
• Location: Philippines
• Outcome: Exposed the weaknesses of Spanish colonial rule but did not succeed in fully evicting the Spaniards.
• Follow-up Conflict: Led to the Philippine-American War.

Background

• Spanish Colonial Rule: Over 300 years of dominance over the Philippines.
• Spanish-American War: Ended Spanish rule in 1898 but led to conflict with the U.S.
• Religious Uprisings: Quasi-religious uprisings occurred but lacked coordination.

Key Figures

• Emilio Aguinaldo: Revolutionary leader, became leader in 1897.
• Andres Bonifacio: Founder of the Katipunan, called for armed rebellion.
• Apolinario Mabini: Significant figure in the revolutionary movement.
• Jose Rizal: Leading propagandist, executed for advocating reform.

Important Events

• Cavite Mutiny (1872): Early uprising against Spanish; led to increased repression.
• Martyrdom of Priests: Jose Burgos, Mariano Gomez, and Jacinto Zamora executed, sparking anti-Spanish sentiment.
• Propaganda Movement: Reformists took refuge in Europe to campaign for independence, led by Jose Rizal.
• Katipunan Formation (1892): Secret society organized by Andres Bonifacio.
• Pact of Biak-na-Bato (Dec 15, 1897): Temporary cease of the revolution.
• Battle of Manila Bay (May 1, 1898): U.S. victory against Spain, changing control of the Philippines.

Significance

• Highlighted the inefficacy of Spanish governance.
• Sparked a surge in nationalism and unity among Filipinos.
• Paved the way for the Philippines' subsequent struggle for independence from the U.S.

Aftermath

• Aguinaldo's Exile: Resulted from the pact, but he continued efforts.
• U.S. Assumption of Control: Post-Spanish defeat, leading to further conflict.
• Aguinaldo's Capture (1901): Marked a shift in the revolution's direction.

External Resources

• PBS Article: August 1896: Revolt in the Philippines
• Library of Congress: The Motion Picture Camera Goes to War
• Harvard University: Analysis of the Revolution

These notes provide a comprehensive understanding of the Philippine Revolution, highlighting the significant events, figures, and implications for future independence efforts.