Origins of Psychology: Wilhelm Wundt

Introduction

• Wilhelm Wundt is often called the Father of Psychology.
• He was ranked as the most important psychologist, surpassing William James and Sigmund Freud.
• The lecture discusses the origins of psychology, focusing on Wundt and the emergence of psychology as a science.

Approaches in Psychology

• Behaviorist Approach
  • Associated with Ivan Pavlov.
  • Focuses on environmental influences on behavior.
• Cognitive Approach
  • Focuses on internal mental processes and thoughts.
• Social Learning Theory
  • Emphasizes observational learning (Bandura).
• Psychodynamic Approach
  • Focus on unconscious forces (Freud).
• Humanistic Approach
  • Focus on free will and personal growth.
• Biological Approach
  • Focus on biological factors like genetics and neurotransmitters.

Wilhelm Wundt's Contributions

• Transitioned the study of the mind from philosophy to science.
• Background in physiology; applied scientific methods to psychology.
• Established the first experimental psychology lab in Leipzig, Germany, 1879.

Method of Introspection

• Defined as conscious examination of conscious experience.
• Self-observation of thoughts, conducted in the present moment.
• Participants presented with stimuli (e.g., sound of a metronome) and report their emotions, sensations, and thoughts.
• Responses compared for similarities and differences to understand the mind.

Scientific Method in Psychology

• Experiments were highly controlled and systematic.
• Standardized stimuli ensured reliability and repeatability.
• Aimed to distinguish psychology from philosophy and biology.

Limitations of Introspection

• Subjective method; no independent verification of self-reported thoughts.
• Criticized by behaviorists like B.F. Skinner for lack of objectivity.

Legacy and Influence

• Wundt trained 186 graduate students, spreading psychological research globally.
• Laid foundations for objective study of mind and behavior.
• His students contributed to the development of psychology worldwide.

Evolution of Psychology

• Early 1900s: Behaviorism emerged, focusing on observable behavior (e.g., Skinner).
• 1960s: Cognitive approach developed with computer technology, enabling objective study of mental processes.
• 1980s: Biological approach became dominant, focusing on genetics and brain chemicals.
• Current Era: Cognitive neuroscience combines cognitive and biological approaches, utilizing brain scanning technology.

Conclusion

• Wundt's pioneering work led to a scientific approach in psychology.
• His methods laid the groundwork for modern psychological research.
• For further exploration, refer to available resources and video links on behaviorist approaches.