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Innovative Anti-Infective Mask Coating

Apr 24, 2025

An Anti-Infective Polymer Coating to Reduce Surface Transmission of Pathogens on Personal Protective Equipment

Highlights

  • Development of polymer coatings for antibacterial activity on surgical masks.
  • Quick mask functionalization process achievable in less than 2 minutes via dip coating.
  • High efficacy demonstrated against bacteria:
    • Staphylococcus aureus: 2.0 log reduction
    • Escherichia coli: 1.5 log reduction
    • Pseudomonas aeruginosa: 0.8 log reduction
  • Combination coatings (QAC and ciprofloxacin):
    • S. aureus: 2.1 log reduction
    • E. coli: 4.1 log reduction
    • P. aeruginosa: 7.3 log reduction
  • Coatings maintain breathability and filtration efficiency of masks.

Abstract

  • Face masks are crucial for protection but can become infection sources if reused improperly.
  • The coating uses anti-fouling poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate) (POEGMA) with hydrazide groups and a quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) and/or ciprofloxacin.
  • Coatings applied via simple aqueous dip-coating process on spunbonded polypropylene.
  • Achieves significant bacterial reduction while maintaining ASTM standards for barrier face coverings.

Introduction

  • Face masks are essential for protecting against airborne microorganisms, used heavily during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Environmental impacts due to non-degradability of masks leading to waste.
  • Alternating disinfection methods exist but are not widely accessible.
  • Anti-infective coatings offer a potential solution; however, metal-based coatings raise toxicity concerns.
  • QACs are known for anti-pathogen activity, but existing coatings face leaching issues.
  • A new copolymer with POEGMA, QAC, and hydrazide groups is proposed for better adhesion and safety.
  • Ciprofloxacin is added for enhanced efficacy against gram-negative bacteria.

Materials and Methods

  • OEGMA475, dimethyl 2,2-azobis(2-methylpropionate), thioglycolic acid, and other compounds used in polymer synthesis.
  • The coating applied via a dip-coating process after a plasma treatment of the mask material.

Polymer Characterization

  • Antimicrobial polymers synthesized using a free radical polymerization process.
  • Co-polymers include QAC and hydrazide groups.
  • Ciprofloxacin-functionalized polymers for broad-spectrum antibacterial properties.

Discussion

  • Benefits of POEGMA-based coatings include bactericidal efficacy with retained mask functionality.
  • The QAC monomer reduces environmental and safety concerns associated with leaching.
  • Demonstrated broad-spectrum antibacterial properties effective within 5 hours.

Conclusion

  • The study presents an innovative anti-infective polymer coating with POEGMA, QACs, and optionally ciprofloxacin.
  • Demonstrates effective antibacterial action while ensuring mask compliance with key standards for safety and performance.

Authorship

  • Mya Sharma: Writing, validation, methodology.
  • Gurpreet Randhawa, Fei Xu, Evelyn Cudmore: Validation, methodology, investigation.
  • Todd Hoare: Supervision, resources, methodology, funding, and conceptualization.

Acknowledgements

  • Funding by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and SteriPro Canada.
  • Acknowledgement of contributions by Zeynel Bayindir, Justin Bernar, and other individuals for their assistance in various aspects of the study.