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All Lecture Transcripts

May 12, 2025

Lecture Transcript Notes

1.1 Cancer - Introduction and Epidemiology

What is Cancer?

  • Group of diseases characterized by abnormal cells dividing uncontrollably and invading nearby tissues (metastasis).
  • Types of cancer named after tissues of origin (e.g., carcinoma, sarcoma, leukemia).

Epidemiology

  • UK: 1 in 2 people will develop cancer in their lifetime.
  • 2014: 360,000 cases; projected to be 500,000 by 2035.
  • Common cancers: breast, prostate, lung, bowel.
  • Incidence rates are higher in deprived areas.

Cancer Statistics

  • Incidence: Number of new cases in a time period.
  • Prevalence: Total number of cases at a specific time.
  • Survival improving, but many cases are preventable.

Trends and Inequalities

  • Cancer rates increasing since the 1990s.
  • Disparities in cancer rates due to socioeconomic factors.

Common Cancer Types

  • Breast Cancer: 56,000 new cases/year, significant survival rate.
  • Prostate Cancer: 50,000 cases/year, high survival rate.
  • Lung Cancer: High preventability, low survival rate.
  • Colorectal Cancer: 43,000 cases/year, preventability high.

1.2 Cancer Nutrition & Lifestyle Strategies for Cancer Prevention and Risk Reduction

Environmental and Lifestyle Factors

  • Host factors, diet, lifestyle, and environmental factors influence cancer risk.
  • Recommendations for prevention: healthy weight, physical activity, diet rich in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables.
  • Limit processed foods, red meats, alcohol, and sugar.

Supplements and Cancer Prevention

  • Supplements generally not recommended for cancer prevention except vitamin D and omega-3s in specific cases.

Diet Recommendations

  • Emphasize fiber, limit red meat, diversify protein sources.
  • Avoid alcohol for cancer prevention.

Obesity and Cancer

  • Obesity affects cancer through hormonal and inflammatory pathways.
  • Weight management is crucial.

Public Health and Policy

  • Emphasis on policy changes to support healthy behaviors and environments.

1.3 Cancer Screening and Hereditary Syndromes Overview

UK Cancer Screening Programs

  • Colorectal, breast, and cervical cancer have established screening programs.
  • Prostate cancer screening not reliable; lung health checks for at-risk groups.

Emerging Technologies

  • Pan-cancer screening tools like Grail Gallery test show potential but need improvement.

Hereditary Cancer Syndromes

  • Common syndromes: BRCA1/2, Lynch syndrome.
  • Importance of genetic counseling due to familial implications.

1.4 Comprehensive Overview of Cancer Theories & Hallmarks Of Cancer

Cancer Theories

  • Somatic Mutation Theory: Cancer starts with genetic changes in a single cell.
  • Tissue Organization Field Theory: Interaction with neighbors stops abnormal proliferation.

Hallmarks of Cancer

  • Original six: Sustained proliferative signaling, evasion of growth suppressors, etc.
  • Later expanded: Deregulated cellular energetics, avoiding immune destruction.

Tumor Microenvironment

  • Tumor is a complex city, not just tumor cells.
  • Important for understanding resistance and treatment.

Staging and Grading

  • Grade: Differentiation of cancer cells.
  • Stage: Extent of cancer spread (TNM system).

2.1 Overview Of Cancer Treatment

Treatment Modalities

  • Surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormone therapy.
  • Targeted therapies and immunotherapy are emerging.

Therapeutic Terms

  • Neoadjuvant: Treatment given before primary treatment.
  • Adjuvant: Treatment after primary treatment.
  • Palliative: Aimed at comfort rather than cure.

2.2 Troubleshooting Common Problems During Cancer Treatment

Nutrition and Support

  • Importance of prehabilitation and supporting recovery.
  • Side effects management through nutrition and lifestyle.

2.3 Cancer and Menopause Management Insights

Menopause in Cancer Patients

  • Cancer treatments can exacerbate menopause symptoms.
  • Support includes lifestyle, psycho-emotional support, and complementary medicine.

2.4 Comprehensive Cancer Rehabilitation and Support

Rehabilitation Goals

  • Prehabilitation to reduce complications.
  • Supporting resilience and recovery through multimodal approaches.

2.5 Radiotherapy and Hormone Therapy Insights

Radiotherapy

  • Uses ionizing radiation to damage cancer cells.
  • Various types: external beam, brachytherapy, etc.
  • Nutritional considerations and side effects management.

Hormone Therapy

  • Used in cancers like breast and prostate cancer.
  • Side effects management crucial for patient quality of life.

2.6 Managing Interactions in Integrative Cancer Care

Interaction Types

  • Pharmacokinetic: Changes drug absorption/metabolism.
  • Pharmacodynamic: Changes drug effects.

Interaction Management

  • Document interactions, be cautious with major interactions.

2.7 Targeted Therapies and Immunotherapy in Cancer

Targeted Therapies

  • Anti-HER2, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, PARP inhibitors.
  • Immunotherapy aims to lift immune suppression.

Immunotherapy Considerations

  • Risk of immune-related complications.
  • Gut microbiome plays a crucial role in response.

I can’t create files directly here, but I can provide you with the formatted content for both the lower-calorie and higher-calorie FMD handouts. You can easily copy this into a Word document or Google Docs and export it as a PDF for printing.

Lower-Calorie Fasting Mimicking Diet (FMD) Handout

3-Day Fasting Mimicking Diet (FMD) Sample Meal Plan
Approx. 700–800 kcal/day

DayMealFood Items / DescriptionApproximate CaloriesNotes
1BreakfastHerbal tea or black coffee (no sugar)0Hydration only
SnackSmall handful of raw nuts (almonds, walnuts)100-150Healthy fats, minimal protein
LunchVegetable broth with kale, celery, herbs + 1 tbsp olive oil200-250Low calorie, nutrient-dense
SnackOlives or avocado slices (about 5-6 olives or 1/4 avocado)100-150Healthy fats
DinnerSteamed non-starchy vegetables (broccoli, zucchini) with lemon and 1 tbsp olive oil200-250Low carb, anti-inflammatory
Total~700-800
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2BreakfastHerbal tea or black coffee0Hydration only
SnackSmall portion of mixed seeds (pumpkin, sunflower)100-150Healthy fats, minimal protein
LunchTomato and cucumber salad with olive oil and herbs200-250Low calorie, nutrient-dense
SnackSmall handful of nuts or 1/4 avocado100-150Healthy fats
DinnerVegetable soup (carrot, celery, herbs) with 1 tbsp olive oil200-250Low carb, anti-inflammatory
Total~700-800
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3BreakfastHerbal tea or black coffee0Hydration only
SnackSmall portion of raw nuts or seeds100-150Healthy fats, minimal protein
LunchSteamed leafy greens with lemon and olive oil200-250Low calorie, nutrient-dense
SnackOlives or avocado slices100-150Healthy fats
DinnerLight vegetable broth with herbs and 1 tbsp olive oil200-250Low carb, anti-inflammatory
Total~700-800

Higher-Calorie Fasting Mimicking Diet (FMD) Handout

3-Day Fasting Mimicking Diet (FMD) Sample Meal Plan
Approx. 900–1100 kcal/day

DayMealFood Items / DescriptionApproximate CaloriesNotes
1BreakfastHerbal tea or black coffee (no sugar)0Hydration only
Snack15-20 raw almonds or walnuts150-180Healthy fats, minimal protein
LunchVegetable broth with kale, celery, herbs + 2 tbsp olive oil300-350Low calorie, nutrient-dense, healthy fats
Snack1/2 avocado or 10 olives150-180Healthy fats
DinnerSteamed non-starchy vegetables (broccoli, zucchini) with lemon and 2 tbsp olive oil300-350Low carb, anti-inflammatory
Total~900-1060
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2BreakfastHerbal tea or black coffee0Hydration only
Snack2 tbsp mixed seeds (pumpkin, sunflower) + 1 tbsp flaxseed180-220Healthy fats, minimal protein
LunchTomato and cucumber salad with olive oil (2 tbsp) and herbs300-350Low calorie, nutrient-dense
Snack1/2 avocado or 10 olives150-180Healthy fats
DinnerVegetable soup (carrot, celery, herbs) with 2 tbsp olive oil300-350Low carb, anti-inflammatory
Total~930-1100
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3BreakfastHerbal tea or black coffee0Hydration only
Snack15-20 raw almonds or walnuts150-180Healthy fats, minimal protein
LunchSteamed leafy greens with lemon and 2 tbsp olive oil300-350Low calorie, nutrient-dense
Snack1/2 avocado or 10 olives150-180Healthy fats
DinnerLight vegetable broth with herbs and 2 tbsp olive oil300-350Low carb, anti-inflammatory
Total~900-1060

How to create PDFs:

  1. Copy each handout into a Word document or Google Docs.
  2. Adjust formatting as needed (fonts, spacing, headers).
  3. Export or save as PDF.
  4. Print or share digitally.

If you want, I can help you with tips on formatting or suggest free online tools for PDF creation!

I can’t create files directly here, but I can provide you with the formatted content for both the lower-calorie and higher-calorie FMD handouts. You can easily copy this into a Word document or Google Docs and export it as a PDF for printing.

Lower-Calorie Fasting Mimicking Diet (FMD) Handout

3-Day Fasting Mimicking Diet (FMD) Sample Meal Plan
Approx. 700–800 kcal/day

DayMealFood Items / DescriptionApproximate CaloriesNotes
1BreakfastHerbal tea or black coffee (no sugar)0Hydration only
SnackSmall handful of raw nuts (almonds, walnuts)100-150Healthy fats, minimal protein
LunchVegetable broth with kale, celery, herbs + 1 tbsp olive oil200-250Low calorie, nutrient-dense
SnackOlives or avocado slices (about 5-6 olives or 1/4 avocado)100-150Healthy fats
DinnerSteamed non-starchy vegetables (broccoli, zucchini) with lemon and 1 tbsp olive oil200-250Low carb, anti-inflammatory
Total~700-800
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2BreakfastHerbal tea or black coffee0Hydration only
SnackSmall portion of mixed seeds (pumpkin, sunflower)100-150Healthy fats, minimal protein
LunchTomato and cucumber salad with olive oil and herbs200-250Low calorie, nutrient-dense
SnackSmall handful of nuts or 1/4 avocado100-150Healthy fats
DinnerVegetable soup (carrot, celery, herbs) with 1 tbsp olive oil200-250Low carb, anti-inflammatory
Total~700-800
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3BreakfastHerbal tea or black coffee0Hydration only
SnackSmall portion of raw nuts or seeds100-150Healthy fats, minimal protein
LunchSteamed leafy greens with lemon and olive oil200-250Low calorie, nutrient-dense
SnackOlives or avocado slices100-150Healthy fats
DinnerLight vegetable broth with herbs and 1 tbsp olive oil200-250Low carb, anti-inflammatory
Total~700-800

Higher-Calorie Fasting Mimicking Diet (FMD) Handout

3-Day Fasting Mimicking Diet (FMD) Sample Meal Plan
Approx. 900–1100 kcal/day

DayMealFood Items / DescriptionApproximate CaloriesNotes
1BreakfastHerbal tea or black coffee (no sugar)0Hydration only
Snack15-20 raw almonds or walnuts150-180Healthy fats, minimal protein
LunchVegetable broth with kale, celery, herbs + 2 tbsp olive oil300-350Low calorie, nutrient-dense, healthy fats
Snack1/2 avocado or 10 olives150-180Healthy fats
DinnerSteamed non-starchy vegetables (broccoli, zucchini) with lemon and 2 tbsp olive oil300-350Low carb, anti-inflammatory
Total~900-1060
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2BreakfastHerbal tea or black coffee0Hydration only
Snack2 tbsp mixed seeds (pumpkin, sunflower) + 1 tbsp flaxseed180-220Healthy fats, minimal protein
LunchTomato and cucumber salad with olive oil (2 tbsp) and herbs300-350Low calorie, nutrient-dense
Snack1/2 avocado or 10 olives150-180Healthy fats
DinnerVegetable soup (carrot, celery, herbs) with 2 tbsp olive oil300-350Low carb, anti-inflammatory
Total~930-1100
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3BreakfastHerbal tea or black coffee0Hydration only
Snack15-20 raw almonds or walnuts150-180Healthy fats, minimal protein
LunchSteamed leafy greens with lemon and 2 tbsp olive oil300-350Low calorie, nutrient-dense
Snack1/2 avocado or 10 olives150-180Healthy fats
DinnerLight vegetable broth with herbs and 2 tbsp olive oil300-350Low carb, anti-inflammatory
Total~900-1060

How to create PDFs:

  1. Copy each handout into a Word document or Google Docs.
  2. Adjust formatting as needed (fonts, spacing, headers).
  3. Export or save as PDF.
  4. Print or share digitally.

If you want, I can help you with tips on formatting or suggest free online tools for PDF creation!

View note sourcehttps://docs.google.com/document/d/1s_3btJQe33Bkc9wUPu9Y7TbqMuqqiAFpEZyhCTiMn2E/edit?usp=sharing