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How did the Reagan administration influence Cold War dynamics?
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Increased US military spending and the SDI program aimed to neutralize Soviet missile threats.
At its peak, how did the Soviet military compare globally?
The Soviet Union had over 5 million soldiers worldwide.
How did the ideological shift to conservatism post-1960s contribute to the Soviet collapse?
It created a political elite and disparity in living standards, undermining communist unity.
What role did economic issues play in the collapse of the Soviet Union?
Poverty, bread lines, and reduced exports weakened the Soviet economy in the 1980s.
What ideological shift occurred in Soviet leadership by the 1960s?
There was a shift from strong Marxist ideologies to more conservative policies.
What was a significant effect of Gorbachev's decision against military escalation in 1991?
It facilitated the dissolution of the Soviet Union without conflict.
What was the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), and how did it affect Soviet strategies?
A program intended to neutralize Soviet missile capabilities, increasing Soviet economic pressures.
Why did Gorbachev's mix of communist and capitalist reforms fail?
They led to increased public criticism and exposed the need for further governmental changes.
What structural challenge did the diversity of Soviet republics present?
The challenge of uniting 15 republics with diverse ethnicities and cultures under one flag.
How did the economic isolation during the Cold War impact the Soviet Union?
It weakened the Soviet Union due to diminished exports and reduced oil sales.
How did generational shifts affect the stability of the Soviet Union?
Younger generations were more aware and willing to protest for change.
How did Gorbachev's reforms impact Soviet governance?
His reforms led to an increase in government criticism and a push for further reform.
What significant event did Mikhail Gorbachev announce on Christmas Day, 1991?
The dissolution of the Soviet Union into 15 independent republics.
What was the significance of the structural diversity among Soviet republics?
The presence of multiple ethnicities and cultures made unified governance challenging.
Which movements in satellite nations contributed to weakening Soviet control?
Nationalist movements in countries like Poland and Czechoslovakia.
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