Lecture: Neurodevelopmental Disorders - Intellectual Developmental Disorder

Introduction

• Presenter: Dr. Karis Dillon
• Objective: Simplify understanding of academic subjects
• Focus: Neurodevelopmental disorders, specifically Intellectual Developmental Disorder (IDD)

Overview of Intellectual Developmental Disorder

• Prevalence: 6 out of 1,000 people born have an intellectual disability
• Occurrence: During childhood, developmental years
• Diagnosis: Can be diagnosed as early as 2 years old, or as late as 5 years old

Diagnostic Criteria for IDD

1. Deficits in Intelligence
   • Assessed by ability to learn: problem-solving, organization, planning, reasoning
   • Teachers' observations: grade-appropriate performance
2. Deficits in Communication/Socialization
   • Ability to live independently relative to age group
   • Observations across different settings: home, school, playground, community
3. Developmental Milestone
   • Child or adolescent must be in a developmental phase

Terminology

• Previous term: "Mental retardation" no longer used
• Current term: Intellectual disability, changed due to stigma and Rosa's Law

Severity Levels of Intellectual Disability

• Mild
  • Differences emerge in elementary years: issues with reading, math
  • May have trouble with time, money management
  • Immature social interactions, risk-taking behavior
  • Requires support in adulthood for personal care, financial management
• Moderate
  • Significant delays in math, reading, writing
  • Social and academic differences apparent
  • Requires lifelong support for cognitive tasks
  • Potential for simple social interactions
• Severe
  • Little understanding of written word, numbers
  • Limited language, live in present
  • Requires constant supervision for daily tasks
• Profound
  • Difficulty with symbols, full support needed
  • Limited motor or self-care abilities
  • Enjoy simple activities, need constant assistance

Diagnosis and Testing

• Verbal Comprehension: Tests abstract thought, memory, reasoning
• Adaptive Functioning: Social skills, independence, community functioning
• Involves clinical evaluation and standardized measures
• Considers sociocultural background and first language

Causes of Intellectual Disabilities

• Genetic syndromes, chromosomal disorders
• Environmental factors: alcohol, drugs, toxins during pregnancy
• Birth complications, brain trauma, seizure disorders
• Chronic social deprivation

Related Terms

• Global Developmental Delay: Under age 5, severity not diagnosable
• Unspecified Intellectual Disability: Over age 5, sensory impairments affect assessment

Conclusion

• Importance of understanding and addressing intellectual disabilities
• Encouragement to subscribe to the channel for more educational content
• Next Topic: Developmental disorders, specifically communication disorders