hey hey Social Work tribe welcome back in today's video we're going to be going over psja's four stages Theory so stay tuned okay so let's jump into it so what PJ's four stages Theory we want to have a general understanding emphasis on General understanding of the human development stages and what the main purpose of each stage is these human developmental stages are all about the flow so how they kind of start off with birth and then they just flow into adulthood in order to develop our brain and reach full human intelligence we must conquer the four stages by achieving something at each stage so with the first stage it's the sensory motor stage this is from birth to two uh and I put a slash here of sensing throughout the world uh summary we want to explore the world using our five senses of touch taste smell hearing and sight as much as possible because remember it's from birth to two and think about that age right where from birth to two we're not exactly running hopping in a car or anything like that you know as infants all we can do is kind of look around and sense and oh what's that smell that what does this taste like and our parents have to say no no don't put that in your mouth don't touch that don't Point all of that right so we're using our senses right um and the achievement needed for this stage uh self-recognition uh causality think of the term cause and effect we learn that when one thing happens uh something else happens as a result and object permanence which is understanding that objects will still exist even when we can't sense them so an example of this is before the infant achieves object permanence the mom can show and hide a toy and the infant would think it's gone after the infant develops object permanence they understand that objects still exist even if we can't see them so think about you know when we uh hide a bear or something like that we put it over a cover and like even playing like peekaboo type of thing we eventually go from crawling to running and can now explore the world even more and use our senses even more we are curious about how everything looks feel sounds smells and tastes so again from birth to two think about you know when we're in that real infant stage we can't like do anything really and then we start to actually crawl and walk we're going around like oh we're static we're all we're curious about the world right the charter is egocentric which means thinking only of oneself without regard for the feelings or desires of others self-censored believes other people see the world as they do because remember you know our cognitive functioning isn't developed in that level right we haven't reached that stage yet so kind of taking the word as we see it through our first person lens and we're just kind of working with what we got then we go to the second stage um the second stage is pre-operational stage and that's from two to seven uh I put sibling throughout the world uh summary children learn to speak and understand the world through speaking and mental imagery children remain egocentric so again thinking only of oneself without regard for the feelings or desires of others self-center believes other people see the world as they do so children think that non-living objects such as toys have life and feelings like a person think of Toy Story so yeah you know the movie uh Toy Story good childhood memories and everything right um yeah we think that you know the toys have feelings and everything like a person a child could also have imaginary friends at this stage children focus on how the world looks instead of how it actually is not capable of logical problem solving type of thoughts so that's why uh in particular as a side note at this age again this is from two to seven so we're kind of like in that um Elementary School um age range if we start out let's say like five and everything and kids are just trustworthy and like oh what's that and okay hey and you know parents got to kind of teach them like hey you know we gotta inform them educate them about the world how you know we gotta can't do everything and you know be mindful of certain things and things of that nature but this is just uh highlighting that again uh children think that non-living objects such as toys have life and feelings like a person so again think of Toy Story and um the imaginary friends can develop at this stage and children focus on how the world looks instead of how it actually is side note that's why children are amazing at mindfulness but also very naive like we are just going over and the achievement needed for the stage symbolic thought other things can mean and represent something else such as words and objects now when we go to the third stage this is the concrete operational stage from 7 to 11. um logicing throughout the world and uh uh hold on one second because I'm gonna go through a great uh way to memorize everything so stay tuned for that the summary logic develops but struggles with abstract thinking um involves the ability to understand and think with complex Concepts that while real are not tied to concrete experiences objects people or situations so again where focus at this stage on the logic but abstract thinking like all that other that that's too difficult for uh the child at this stage but they start to form like the logic of like oh yeah that makes sense um this type of reasoning involves thinking about ideas and principles that are often symbolic or hypothetical and that's again talking about that abstract thing it's just too advanced right in short after I think it gets too advanced for them children can logically understand things even if it appears differently but may need to visualize an image in their mind to help them out so that's why if you can even think back to when you're younger um there's a lot of different tricks and all these other things they do for children to help them understand these fundamental concepts when it comes to like reading learning and just anything honestly because it really helps with that um start to play games with rules so again the logic is starting to form of like okay here's a here's a board game this is how these are the rules of the board game write that logic starting to form example uh if we pour juice from a medium-sized cup into a larger cup the child knows it's the same amount of juice in the larger cup so again it's the logic where the child can now look at it like oh okay like this amount of juice it's this amount of juice it doesn't matter if we pour it into this cup or that cup or that cup over here it's still it's still the same amount right because again that logic has formed um also children can mentally reverse things so an example of that would be if two plus six equals eight then uh eight minus three must equal six uh and also flicking a light switch on and off it's like wait a second if I flick it on if I flick it this way then the opposite may happen the child realizes that people see the world in a different way than they do and become less egocentric children learn to put themselves in another person's shoes so again remember how in the previous stages and again focusing on the age birth to two our mind isn't that developed in that regard right we're focused on ourselves and utilizing our senses to kind of navigate the world and the second stage which is pre-operational stage from two to seven uh symboling throughout the world right we're like oh this thing that this and that okay cool cool cool imaginary friends right we're thinking about like our minds expanding a bit more and then we get to the third stage we're making logic uh logicing throughout the world we're making logic of things understanding like okay cool yep that makes sense right and the achievement needed for this stage uh logical thought children can work things out internally in their head rather than physically try things out and needing to see them such as a child needing their fingers to count so again that logic is really starting to form then we get to the fourth stage this is the formal operational stage of 12 and up uh abstract abstracting throughout the world uh the summary can now think more rationally abstractly and about hypothetical events we can understand more advanced concepts like emotions and philosophy we start to understand ourselves and others better in the achievement needed for this stage uh scientific reasoning so think we're thinking very abstractly we're thinking about hypotheticals what if this happened philosophy because again it's 12 and up so we're entering that pre-teen teenage adult and up throughout our life where we're able to really form all those different concepts and ideas in our mind where at a previous stage from 7 to 11 that was just too advanced for you know a child at that stage and as we uh go uh forward with the memorization uh technique um this is something I developed um to 7 11 12 and up two seven eleven twelve and up go PJ go BJ go PJ go go ah listen this is how my mind works because where we got the numbers from check this out if the first stage um the cutoff is two the second stage the cutoff is seven the third stage the cutoff is 11 and the fourth stage the cutoff is 12 well technically up but 12 and up right so when we look at it this way to everything before two seven everything before seven so it'll be the two to seven um 11 everything before the 11 so that would be the 7-Eleven and then 12 and up so 2 7 11 12 and up two seven eleven twelve and up go BJ go BJ go BJ go go and then right here remember how we talked about how um as you know children develop right they're using their senses in the first stage and the second stage they're using a symbolic uh thought because that's also what they have to you know develop right here um logic that's what they have to develop right here for the third stage right the achievement and then for the fourth stage um abstract which is you know the scientific reasoning I said okay first you make sense uh first you make sense like your senses first you make sense of the world uh then you symbolize the world then you make logic of the world then you abstract the world and when we pair that so it's like okay um everything from two um and you know going backwards so that's birth to two that goes with the first one of uh sensing two to seven that goes with symbolizing uh 7 to 11 that goes with the logic and then 12 and up is uh then you abstracting the scientific reasoning so is 2 7 11 12 and up two seven eleven twelve it up go BJ you don't have to say to go PJ bird but it's like ah go PJ go BJ go PJ go go and then first you make sense of the world then you symbolize the world then you make logic of the world then you abstract the world and then again you just pair um these ones with these ones right here so it's just a a good trick to help you remember it so hopefully that helps and if you have a different way uh for you to remember it definitely put it in the comment section below and remember we want to be able to apply these Concepts to the question because if we just know nothing about PJ we know nothing about nothing it doesn't matter if that question is in the form of a recall um an application or reasoning we got to know some information about PJ if the question is um asking about a theory that's PJ a and is asking about a certain stage because if we don't know we just don't know but this is a way to help us be like okay I know that um in the second stage you symbolizing the world so it's like oh it didn't imaginary friends and things of that nature because they're symbols right so it really helps with that so again if uh if you like this trick put in the comment section below or if you have another way of helping remember this I'll put in a comment section below too okay Social Work tribe that's it for today's video thank you for watching and definitely appreciate it and don't forget to like comment and subscribe and tell a social work friend because we don't want to be licensed by ourselves all right tribe I'll see you next video