Lecture Notes: Ship Framing Systems

Introduction

Purpose of Shell Plating: Supports and strengthens a ship, similar to how the skeleton system supports the human body.
Framing Systems in Naval Architecture: Depends on the size and type of the ship.

Historical Use:
- Used for all sailing ships and general cargo ships with twin decks.
- Important when small longitudinal strength was not a priority.
- Preferred for sailing ships to resist racking stress.
Current Use: Predominantly used in small ships.
Structural Elements:
- Outer bottom shell frame
- Inner bottom center girder
- Side girder
- Lightning hole
- Solid floor
- Tank side bracket
- Upper deck
- Deck beam
- Beam knee
- Tween deck pillar
- Deck girder
Strength Characteristics:
- Increases transverse strength.
- Reduces longitudinal strength.
- Longitudinal strength members include center girders, longitudinal girders under hatches, bilge, and shear strake plating.
Application Example:
- Small tankers use longitudinal bulkheads as strength members.
Visual Aid: Use line diagrams for representation during exams.

Application: Commonly used on larger ships due to the need for additional strength in longer hulls.
Structural Elements:
- Bottom plate
- Side shell
- Shear strake
- Upper deck
- Tank top
- Hopper
- Hopper longitudinal
- Side longitudinal
- Bottom longitudinal
- Web frame
- Deck longitudinal
- Center girder
- Side girder
Strength Characteristics:
- Provides greater longitudinal strength.
- Lessens transverse strength.
Enhancing Transverse Strength:
- Deep web frames fitted at intervals (length of ship divided by 50) to enhance transverse strength.
- Web frames are larger than normal frames.
Application Example:
- Most tankers are constructed using this system.
Visual Aid: Use line diagrams for representation during exams.

Understanding of the framing systems is crucial for naval architects to design ships with appropriate balance of strength.
Line diagrams are essential tools for exams to illustrate the systems discussed.