good day everyone for today we are going to talk about an introductory lecture in understanding human development and personal development so let's begin first of all i want you to know that in human development we don't only use one school of thought or one discipline in trying to understand how do human beings develop broadly speaking we can talk about these three major aspects the first one is physical development which covers the growth of the body the brain motor and sensory skills as well as physical health it's very important for us to understand the body because we are also talking about health and well-being when we say that you are well we want you to be well not just physically but also cognitively and psychologically and we don't want your wellness to be imbalanced in the field of psychology we discuss a lot about the brain and brain growth is very important in order for us to understand why do we engage in specific behaviors for example most of your adolescents at this stage it's common for you to perform behaviors that are risky it's because your brain is not yet physically mature for you to understand the consequences of your actions that's why you engage in risky behaviors and this development is expected to be achieved when you are in the early 20s that's why people in the early adulthood are more aware about the consequences of their actions that's related to cognitive development or how does your thinking develop so when we say cognitive i do teach cognitive psychology so that's an entire field under psychology it covers the capacity to learn to speak to understand the reason and to create cognitive development is highly important especially for children but now in your adolescence it's still important to talk about cognition your capacity to learn and even to unlearn some things that we must erase for example but experiences obvious how do they develop according to according to learning theories i hope that we can talk about that you know you need to be able to articulate your thoughts as you grow older because you will have to write your thesis someday you have to write a lot of papers you need to express yourself the reason especially in an abstract manner and to create ideas in relation to that we also have what we call psychosocial development which includes your social interactions with other people emotions attitudes self-identity personality beliefs and values we're going to talk about these things in the next few lectures but i would like to highlight the importance of personality personality in layman's term is basically interconnection of different characteristics that you have it's like a constellation of characteristics that makes you unique it's like in filipino it is your pagata okay now what are the other factors that affect human development first of course we have what we call heredity or the inborn traits passed on by the generations of offspring from both sides of the biological parents families the way i see it our characteristics right now are 50 biological and i would say 50 environmental that's just my own opinion but it differs depending on the context our characteristics is a mix of inherited characteristics as well as environmental characteristics and when we say inherited or hereditary these are the traits that you were able to inherit from your biological parents this is very important for example in understanding why is it that you're a perfectionist why are you compassionate why do you value close family ties why are you easily anxious are your parents easily anxious as well in the field of psychology and mental health that's very important for us to know if the child is at risk other than that the environment is also important in shaping your personality it's not just the heredity but also the people around you they continually shape who you are for example you've been exposed to people who are religious then we can expect that you're going to be religious as well but if you're exposed to people who are who are lazy people who don't do their assignments then we can expect that you're also going to adopt such characteristics that's why you need to choose your friends wisely and also we have what we call maturation and when we say maturation it's a natural progression of both the brain and the body and the more you mature the more you understand things hence there might be things that are complicated as of now and as you grow older you will have the capacity the reason better to understand better and to be more mature in the way that you communicate with other people now since this subject is known as personal development what does personal mean personal can be something like this belonging or relating to a particular person for example your personal computer your personal bag the things that you own are personal other than that when we say personal it is made or designed to be used by one person for example your bag is personalized or your car is personalized personal can also mean someone whose job involves working for or helping a particular person like a personal secretary so those are different contexts and we're in we can use the word personal i want you to be able to relate to what we are talking about so that you will know if what we're talking about in this course applies to you or not in personal development there is no singular school of thought in any form of scientific study which can completely and satisfactorily define human nature so even in college you will understand that when we studied human development in in psychology we don't just use the field of psychology but we use sociology we use biology and other fields that are related to that and we cannot confine personal development or human development to just one field because that will not be able to give us a holistic picture of human development and we will miss out on a lot of important information personal development is the process in which a person's reflect upon themselves understand who they are accept what they discover about themselves and learn new sets of values attitudes behaviors thinking skills to reach their fullest potential as human beings now earlier i told you about the word personal now i want to discuss the word development as human beings it is expected that you will mature not just physically but also psychologically and the words that capture my attention in this slide is the la is the last few words saying that your fullest potential as human beings there are different schools of thoughts believing that you are capable of being the best version of yourself that's why you have dreams that's why you are reaching for some goal that's why you want to be better today than you were yesterday when we speak of personal development it has a lot of origins for example the first homo sapiens drew figures to narrate their experiences archaeologists were able to discover some facts about the homo sapiens by looking at the way that they narrate their experiences for example when they discovered fire when they discovered hunting hence we're capable of becoming a better version of ourselves and we allow future generations to benefit from our learning for example when you become a parent someday you want your child to learn from your own experiences so that you'll be able to assist his or her own personal development other than that the greek philosophers ask questions about the self and being human and you will learn that other philosophers problematize life they problematize science they problematize the universe but socrates was the one who to ask questions about the sub so what does the self means and what's what is the meaning of existence other than that eastern cultures emphasize the quest for being a superior man or developing as a superior being hence they are endorsing some sort of morals and values that a person must possess in order for him to be a superior man or to be more worthy so they instill discipline and other values such as truth honesty and others psychology is a field very close to personal development and when we speak about psychology it is the study of human behavior and mental processes and under the field of psychology here are some subfields that will make an appearance here in the subject they are humanistic and positive psychology so these are two related subfields in psychology and both of them talk about growth and the search for meaning the difference is that humanistic is older compared to positive psychology and humanistic was the one that inspired positive psychology humanism emerged after world war ii there were a lot of people who died after the war so they asked questions about human existence and humanism would like to highlight our capability of becoming a better version of ourselves and the word that they use is self-actualization hence they believe that you have the capability of becoming better as you grow older you have an active role to play and becoming a better version of yourself on the other hand positive psychology just emerged lately it was a field spearheaded by martin seligman and another prominent figure in positive psychology is mikhail sent me high and what they emphasize in positive psychology is not mental illness but rather mental health they also emphasize our character strengths our values our capabilities because when you hear psychology typically what comes into your mind is mental illness like the different disorders what positive psychology is talking about is that we should not focus on what is wrong with the human person but rather we should focus on what can we improve on the con on the condition of the human being for him to have a better quality of life so here's an example of a theory that comes from humanism and this is maslow's hierarchy of needs basically he believes that we have five different sets of needs and we progress through them step by step and the most basic type of need would be physiological needs so this is your need for food water warmth and rest eventually you will have to look for your safety needs your security or safety having your own house not being ill for example let me relate this topic to the kobe 19 pandemic there are a lot of people homeless people who don't really care so much about safety needs and we can't blame them why because how are they supposed to look for safety if their physiological needs are not being met so they don't problematize covid19 but rather their prayer their first priority is to get food to get water and to get rest people who are in the middle class problematize safety because our physiological needs have already been satisfied after we after we fulfill our safety needs eventually we will move on to love and belongingness needs or your needs for friends or intimate relationships that's why during the time of kobit 19 it is okay for us not to look for new friends not to entertain visitors because we need to fulfill our safety needs first then eventually after your belongingness needs you have what we call esteem needs or prestige or feeling of accomplishment that's why i would understand that there are people who had to stop schooling because they have to fulfill their safety needs first during the time of the pandemic hence they put their schooling aside because they need to feel safe first before they can proceed with their schooling and it is understandable from the psychological perspective then eventually as you get older you will not stop but steam needs but rather you will reach for what we call self-actualization or achieving one's full potential including creative activities and when you self-actualize you you try to become a better version of yourself here's one example as a teacher i would like to become a better teacher next semester by incorporating new techniques sharing new things trying to improve my teaching style and that's the way i self-actualize other people may self-actualize by for example if your goal is to have a healthy body you will incorporate working out you will incorporate good health exercise routine in your day to day um schedule now closing this discussion i would like you to know that there are different theories who spoke about human development and they have their own life stages but as a way to open our discussion in personal development i would like you to be aware of the three stages of adolescence proposed by corpus and colleagues back in 2010 so adolescence is the transition period between childhood and early adulthood and according to them there are three stages of adolescence which are early adolescence middle adolescence and late adolescence early adolescence is 10 to 13 years old middle a dollar sense is 14 to 16 years old while late a dollar since 17 to 20 years old and even though even though adolescence is just 10 years of your life this is a very crucial period because there are a lot of physical as well as emotional psychological changes happening at this stage that we need to talk about for you to be aware and for you to understand personal development