Globalization and Religion

Introduction

• Globalization's Influence: Profound impact on religious practices, beliefs, and interactions.
• Learning Objectives:
  • How globalization affects religious practices and belief.
  • Analyze the relationship between religion and global conflict and peace.

Influence of Globalization on Religion

Traditional vs. Cosmopolitan Influence

• Traditionalist Perspective:
  • More conservative adherence to practices.
  • Globalization viewed as a threat, leading to reinforced traditional beliefs.
  • Limited access to information reinforces insularity.
• Cosmopolitan Influence:
  • Greater openness to diverse religious beliefs and practices.
  • Hybridization of beliefs leading to syncretism and inclusivity.

Spread and Transformation of Religious Practices

• Facilitation of Spread:
  • Missionary work and communication advancements.
  • Globalization of previously regional religious traditions.
• Emergence of New Movements:
  • Syncretic practices and hybrid identities form.

Challenges to Traditional Practices

• Secularism and Western Influence:
  • Decline of traditional religious influence.
  • Cultural imperialism fears due to Western cultural dominance.

Global Culture

• Definition: Shared values and practices transcending national boundaries.
• Western vs. Korean Influence:
  • Western media dominance through films and music.
  • Korean Wave (Hallyu): Rise of Korean dramas, films, and K-pop.

Religion

Definition and Role

• Religion's Complexity: Combines beliefs, rituals, addressing existential questions.
• Scholars' Perspectives:
  • John Dewey: Religion as an idealistic pursuit.
  • Emily Durkheim: Religion as a cohesive social force.

Types of Religious Organizations

• Churches: Hierarchical, mainstream influence (e.g., Roman Catholic Church).
• Denominations: Subgroups within broader traditions.
• Sects and Cults: Divergent or radical groups, often controversial.

Religious Behaviors

• Simple Supernaturalism: Beliefs in supernatural influences in human affairs.
• Animism: Belief in spiritual essence in all living things.
• Theism:
  • Monotheism: Belief in one God.
  • Polytheism: Belief in multiple gods.
  • Pantheism: Universe as divine.
• Abstract Ideals: Ethical principles transcending cultures.

Religion and Global Conflict

• Religion's Role in Conflict: Manipulated beliefs can fuel conflict.
• Potential for Peace: Religious teachings can promote compassion and reconciliation.

Conclusion

• Multiplicity of Globalization and Religion: Complex interplay impacting cultures and societies.
• Promoting Dialogue: Understanding these dynamics is key to addressing global issues.