Overview of Medical Disorders Lecture

Oct 18, 2024

Lecture on Medical and Communicable Disorders

Introduction

  • Professor G welcomes viewers to the YouTube channel.
  • Encourages viewers to like, subscribe, and visit NexusNursingInstitute.com for resources like NCLEX review sessions, consultations, and tutoring.

Key Topics Covered

1. Measles Diagnosis

  • Symptoms in children: Cough, runny nose, red rash, fever, bluish-white spots on buccal mucosa (Koplik spots).
  • Diagnosis: Measles (Rubeola); 11-month-old likely not vaccinated yet (vaccination starts at 12-15 months).
  • Differential diagnosis: Mumps (salivary gland swelling), Allergic reaction (rash not typical), Varicella (vesicular rash).

2. Sickle Cell Disease Crisis Prevention

  • Key strategy: Drink at least 64 ounces of water daily to prevent dehydration, a known trigger.
  • Other triggers: Stress, cold weather, high altitude.
  • Incorrect strategies: Self-managing flu symptoms, engaging in cold sports, bottling up emotions.

3. Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia (ITP) Treatment

  • Case study: Patient with prolonged nosebleed and history of ITP.
  • Treatment: IVIG to rapidly increase platelet levels.
  • Incorrect treatments: Desmopressin (for hemophilia), Thrombin (coagulation aid), Factor VIII (also for hemophilia).

4. Electrocardiogram Changes and Electrolyte Imbalances

  • Hypercalcemia: Prolonged QT interval is an indicator.
  • Hypocalcemia: Inverted T-waves.
  • Ventricular tachycardia: Linked to hypomagnesemia.
  • Prolonged PR interval: Associated with hypokalemia.

5. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Characteristics

  • Symptoms: Microvascular clots, decreased platelets, impaired hemostasis.
  • Misconception: Increased clotting factors are not a characteristic of DIC.

6. Immunocompromised Patients

  • Scenario: Presents with fever greater than 100.4 degrees.
  • Significance: Fever is a major indicator of infection for immunocompromised individuals.
  • Lesser indicators: Neutrophil count, purulent drainage, localized infection signs.

7. Sickle Cell Crisis RBC Shape

  • Shape: Crescent (half-moon) shape during crisis.
  • Effect: Causes rigidity, blocks blood flow, leads to hypoxemia.

8. Hypomagnesemia Indicators

  • Primary symptom: Muscle tetany.
  • Contrast with hypermagnesemia: Muscle weakness, prolonged QT interval, loss of deep tendon reflexes.

9. Administration of IV Magnesium

  • Key action: Administer infusion slowly to prevent cardiac arrest.
  • Incorrect actions: Routine narcotic doses, infrequent vital monitoring.

10. Hypermagnesemia Case Indicators

  • Symptoms: Prolonged QT interval, absent reflexes, low blood pressure, bradycardia, low respirations.

11. TB Skin Test Results

  • Non-HIV patient: Induration more than 10 mm is a positive result.
  • Immunocompromised: Greater than 5 mm induration is considered positive.
  • Clarification needed: Close proximity to TB patient may fall under 5 mm category.

12. Adrenal Crisis Electrolyte Imbalance

  • Common abnormality: Hyperkalemia due to Addison's disease (low mineralocorticoids).

13. Mononucleosis Management

  • Understanding: Avoid strenuous and contact sports for safety due to splenomegaly.
  • Misunderstandings: No sharing utensils, no vaccine available, not inherited.

14. Priority for Leukemia Patients

  • Nursing priority: Place patient in a private room to avoid infection.

Conclusion

  • Encourages feedback on video content and future topics.
  • Thanks viewers for support and invites them to visit the website.