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Overview of Medical Disorders Lecture
Oct 18, 2024
Lecture on Medical and Communicable Disorders
Introduction
Professor G welcomes viewers to the YouTube channel.
Encourages viewers to like, subscribe, and visit NexusNursingInstitute.com for resources like NCLEX review sessions, consultations, and tutoring.
Key Topics Covered
1. Measles Diagnosis
Symptoms in children
: Cough, runny nose, red rash, fever, bluish-white spots on buccal mucosa (Koplik spots).
Diagnosis
: Measles (Rubeola); 11-month-old likely not vaccinated yet (vaccination starts at 12-15 months).
Differential diagnosis
: Mumps (salivary gland swelling), Allergic reaction (rash not typical), Varicella (vesicular rash).
2. Sickle Cell Disease Crisis Prevention
Key strategy
: Drink at least 64 ounces of water daily to prevent dehydration, a known trigger.
Other triggers
: Stress, cold weather, high altitude.
Incorrect strategies
: Self-managing flu symptoms, engaging in cold sports, bottling up emotions.
3. Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia (ITP) Treatment
Case study
: Patient with prolonged nosebleed and history of ITP.
Treatment
: IVIG to rapidly increase platelet levels.
Incorrect treatments
: Desmopressin (for hemophilia), Thrombin (coagulation aid), Factor VIII (also for hemophilia).
4. Electrocardiogram Changes and Electrolyte Imbalances
Hypercalcemia
: Prolonged QT interval is an indicator.
Hypocalcemia
: Inverted T-waves.
Ventricular tachycardia
: Linked to hypomagnesemia.
Prolonged PR interval
: Associated with hypokalemia.
5. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Characteristics
Symptoms
: Microvascular clots, decreased platelets, impaired hemostasis.
Misconception
: Increased clotting factors are not a characteristic of DIC.
6. Immunocompromised Patients
Scenario
: Presents with fever greater than 100.4 degrees.
Significance
: Fever is a major indicator of infection for immunocompromised individuals.
Lesser indicators
: Neutrophil count, purulent drainage, localized infection signs.
7. Sickle Cell Crisis RBC Shape
Shape
: Crescent (half-moon) shape during crisis.
Effect
: Causes rigidity, blocks blood flow, leads to hypoxemia.
8. Hypomagnesemia Indicators
Primary symptom
: Muscle tetany.
Contrast with hypermagnesemia
: Muscle weakness, prolonged QT interval, loss of deep tendon reflexes.
9. Administration of IV Magnesium
Key action
: Administer infusion slowly to prevent cardiac arrest.
Incorrect actions
: Routine narcotic doses, infrequent vital monitoring.
10. Hypermagnesemia Case Indicators
Symptoms
: Prolonged QT interval, absent reflexes, low blood pressure, bradycardia, low respirations.
11. TB Skin Test Results
Non-HIV patient
: Induration more than 10 mm is a positive result.
Immunocompromised
: Greater than 5 mm induration is considered positive.
Clarification needed
: Close proximity to TB patient may fall under 5 mm category.
12. Adrenal Crisis Electrolyte Imbalance
Common abnormality
: Hyperkalemia due to Addison's disease (low mineralocorticoids).
13. Mononucleosis Management
Understanding
: Avoid strenuous and contact sports for safety due to splenomegaly.
Misunderstandings
: No sharing utensils, no vaccine available, not inherited.
14. Priority for Leukemia Patients
Nursing priority
: Place patient in a private room to avoid infection.
Conclusion
Encourages feedback on video content and future topics.
Thanks viewers for support and invites them to visit the website.
📄
Full transcript