It's book 13, Odysseus finishes his story for the Phaeacians and he's back in the present. Once again he appeals to them for help. And once again the Phaeacians and their king agree to help him get back to Ithaca. Poseidon overhears this and is enraged.
He demands that Zeus do something about this. favors Odysseus, so he allows Poseidon to take it out on the Phaeacians for helping him. In Book 14, Odysseus at last reaches home.
In fact, he's dropped off there when he's asleep by the Phaeacians. When he wakes up, he can't even recognize his own home because it's been obscured in mist by Athena. Athena appears to him as a shepherd, and he doesn't reveal to her his true identity. And that's when she transforms back into her goddess form and praises him for not doing so.
He asks where Athena had been all this time when he had been stranded on that island with Calypso. She explains that she feared Poseidon's wrath. But then she clues him into what's been happening at home with all the suitors. She transforms him into a beggar, and there he encounters Eumaeus, the trusty old swineherd.
Odysseus, disguised as a beggar, tests Eumaeus'loyalty by making up a story about how Odysseus himself once gave this beggar his own coat to stay warm. This story is a story that is not just a story. closely mirrors Odysseus'own life and through it we can see that he's expressing humility and sadness for having left behind his family and that he sees a lot of virtue in piety. Eumaeus is delighted by this story and he passes the test of loyalty with flying colors putting his own cloak around this beggar Odysseus.
The Phaeacians punishment by Poseidon is another example of vengeance since they've been forewarned about Odysseus'problems with the god. Another thing we see going on here is loyalty and hospitality working hand in hand. We can see at this point in the book how hospitality shows the true colors and virtues of characters almost right away based on how hospitable and open-minded they are towards guests and visitors in whatever form.