Quiz Review: Motion, Speed, and Velocity Name: ________________________________Pd: ___ Instructions: Answer the following questions over motion to help prepare for your quiz.
Define the following terms. a. Scalar: ___________________________________________________________________________ b. Vector: __________________________________________________________________________ c. Motion: __________________________________________________________________________ d. Distance: _________________________________________________________________________ e. Displacement: _____________________________________________________________________ f. Speed: ____________________________________________________________________________ g. Velocity: __________________________________________________________________________
Calculate the distance and displacement for the car’s trip below.
Distance: ________________________
Displacement: ____________________
A track athlete ran around a circular track exactly 3 times before he ended where he originally began. If the track has a length of 400 meters one time around, what was the runner’s distance and displacement?
What is the equation to calculate average speed?
What was the average speed of an object that traveled 150 meters in 12 seconds?
What was the average speed of a car that traveled 80 km in 0.50 hours?
How many meters could a person bike if they had a constant speed of 18 m/s for 125 seconds?
Use the distance-time graph to answer the following questions.
a. Which object has the fastest speed in the
First five seconds? What is this speed?
b. Which object has the fastest average speed
over the entire 20 seconds? What is this
speed?
c. Which object has a change in speed? How do you know?
d. Which two objects have the same total average speed? What are their speeds?
e. Which object was at rest? How long was it at rest?
What is the velocity of a person that drove the 1965 miles from Springboro, Ohio to Las Vegas Nevada in 29 hours?
How long did it take someone to travel a distance of 500 m if they were traveling at a speed of 2.5 m/s?
Inside of a train moving along at a velocity of 50 m/s east, a person gets up out of their seat and starts to walk east to get some snacks from the workers at a velocity of 3 m/s, what is the resultant velocity that this person appears to be traveling from an observer watching the train from outside of the train.
A mother is driving her children home from school and is driving at a velocity of 27 m/s north. Her children start complaining that they need snacks, so the mother throws some slim-jims behind her towards the backseat at a velocity of 3 m/s south. What is the resultant velocity of these snacks from an observer who watches the car drive along the road?
Mr. Holbrook is trying to run up an escalator that is moving downwards. If this escalator has a velocity of 8 m/s downwards and Mr. Holbrook is running at an impressive velocity of 10 m/s upwards, what is the resultant velocity of Mr. Holbrook and in what direction?
Given this resultant velocity, and if the length of the escalator is 30 m, how long would it take Mr. Holbrook to fully reach the top of the escalator?
Define the following terms:
Motion: ______________________________________________________________________________
Distance: _____________________________________________________________________________
Displacement: _________________________________________________________________________
Speed: _______________________________________________________________________________
Velocity: _____________________________________________________________________________
Acceleration: _________________________________________________________________________
Acceleration Problems
In what three ways can an object be accelerating?
What is the acceleration of a golf ball that was hit from a tee but two seconds later was traveling at 95 m/s?
What would the final speed be of a skater who accelerates at a rate of 3.0 m/s2 from rest for 5.5 seconds?
A car leaving work at 4 pm was traveling 45 mi/hr. By the time they arrived home at 5 pm, the car was only traveling 15 mi/hr. What was the car’s acceleration in m/s2? (Use your resources to find any necessary conversions)
Between which two points is the bus stopped?
Between which two points is the bus traveling at a constant speed of 10 m/s?
Between which two points would the car have a negative acceleration?
Calculate this acceleration.
What is the bus’s acceleration between points D and E?
Does this mean the bus is getting faster or slower?
Free Fall Questions
What is the value for acceleration due to gravity?
If you are accelerating at a rate of 9.8 m/s², what would your speed be after 3 seconds? (Initially at rest)
Mass changes how an object will accelerate towards the Earth. True / False
Which scientist performed the "Falling Bodies" experiment?
An object is dropped from a plane at rest and falls long enough to reach a speed of 50 m/s. How long did it take to reach this speed?
What causes objects to fall at different rates in the same system?
One object (mass 5 kg) is dropped from a chair of 2 meters. Another object (mass 50 kg) is dropped from a ladder of 10 meters. Which will hit the ground first?
Quiz Review: Forces Name: ____________________________________________ Pd: _____ Matching: Match each term to its definition. Newton’s First Law: _____ 1. The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion. Newton’s Second Law: _____ 2. The overall force acting on an object. Newton’s Third Law: _____ 3. The force along the entire string / rope / chain when it is pulled and stretched. Inertia: _____ 4. A push or a pull on an object. Force: _____ 5. Friction on objects in motion Frictional Force: _____ 6. Friction on stationary objects Normal Force: _____ 7. The maximum speed an object can reach while in free fall. Tension Force: _____ 8. The force that opposes motion of objects. Applied Force: _____ 9. An object in motion will remain in motion and an object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an outside force. Net Force: _____ 10. The picture that can be created which shows how and where forces are acting on an object. Kinetic Friction: _____ 11. Friction that is present when traveling through mediums such as water and air. Fluid Friction: _____ 12. The force on an object that is applied by another person or object. Static Friction: _____ 13. The force that one object feels when in contact with another surface / object. Terminal Velocity: _____ 14. F = (m)(a) Free Body Diagram: _____ 15. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Free Response: Answer the following questions completely. For any calculations, be sure to show work, include units, and write known and unknown values. 1. A car accelerates from 20 m/s to a speed of 80 m/s over the span of 3.5 seconds. Given this, what is the acceleration of the car after it reaches it’s new speed?
2. Using the velocity vs time graph, answer the following questions.
1. Which section of the graph is when an object is at rest?
2. What is the acceleration from point E-F?
3. Which section of the graph represents a negative acceleration? (Object slowing down)
3. Explain how all three of Newton’s Laws are in effect when performing an action such as jumping on a trampoline.
4. What equation is used to represent Newton’s second law and what units must be used for each variable?
5. A 1250 kg car speeds up at an acceleration of 6.5 m/s2. Given this, what is the net force required to act on this car to be able to cause this acceleration?
6. What is the mass of a log that starts from rest on a hill and accelerates downward at a rate of 3 m/s2 when the net force that acted on the log was 375 N?
7. What is the difference between static and kinetic friction? List and describe the types of kinetic friction.
8. A 7.0 kg bowling ball is pushed down the lane with a force strong enough to accelerate it at 1.86 m/s2. What is the net force acting on the ball?
1. If the force of friction is 1.0 N, what was the applied force?
2. Draw a free body diagram to show all the forces acting on the ball just as it is tossed down the lane including net force. Also write the free body diagram of the blowing pin before it is hit by the bowling ball.
8. List the qualities of an object that change the amount of friction that acts on objects.
9. List the qualities that affect the inertia of an object.
10. For each free body diagram below, determine whether the forces are balanced or unbalanced and if the box would be accelerating. Calculate the magnitude of the NET force, and if the magnitude is not zero, go back and add an arrow representing net force on the diagram.
Diagram
Balanced or
Unbalanced
Accelerating (Yes/No)
Net Force
Magnitude
11. Draw a free body diagram for the refrigerator (the applied force is given to you). The person is pushing against the fridge, but it is not moving.
a. If the person pushes harder at a force of 250 N and the overall net force is only 25 N to the right, how much frictional force opposes the applied force?
12. What is the Gravitational Force acting between two 15 kg masses that are 3 meters apart?
1. What would this force become if the masses were both 50 kg?
2. What would this force become if the distance decreased to 1 meter?
13. If you are hanging a 50 kg sign from the ceiling and it hangs from a string at rest, what is the net force acting on this sign?
14. What is the weight of this sign if we are hanging it on Earth?
15. If the strings snap and the sign starts to enter free fall, what is its final speed just before it hits the ground if it takes 4 seconds to reach the ground?
16. Write out a free body diagram of a box as it is sliding across the floor to the right while a person is pushing on it.
Test Review: Work / Power Name: ____________________________________________ Pd: _____ Matching: Match each term to its definition. Momentum: _____ 1. The transfer of energy to a body by the application of force that causes the body to move a distance. Law of Conservation of Momentum: _____ 2. A quantity that measures how much a machine multiplies a force or a distance. Work: _____ 3. The quantity of motion depends on the mass and velocity of an object. Power: _____ 4. Machine family that is composed of an arm and a pivot point. Lever Family: _____ 5. The rate at which work is done and energy is transformed. Inclined Plane Family: _____ 6. Any time two or more objects interact, they may exchange momentum but total momentum must be conserved and stay the same. Mechanical Advantage: _____ 7. Machine family that redirects forces in various ways. Efficiency: _____ 8. A percentage that describes and measures the ratio of useful work to the work input on a system.
Free Response: Answer the following questions completely. For any calculations, be sure to show work, include units, and write known and unknown values.
True / False: 1. Momentum is always conserved: _____ 2. Work is done on stationary objects: _____ 3. Work is dependent on time: ______ 4. Power is measured in Watts: ______ 5. Machines are less than 100% efficient: ______ 6. Machines can help us perform tasks and activities: _______ 7. Work is a form of energy: ______
8. Larger mechanical advantage, the less strain works on your body during the action: ______
Work / Power: 1. A person is pushed backwards a distance of 0.5 meters with a force of 400 N. How much work was done on this person?
2. If 2000 J of work was done by dropping a box of weight 350 N from the top of a building, how far was this box dropped?
3. A woman is in the gym where she goes to work out by pulling on a platform with masses attached to it. If she pulls on a rope and accelerates 50 kg of mass at a rate of 2 m/s2 over a distance of 5 meters, how much work did this woman do?
1. If it took the woman a time of 1.6 seconds to do this, how much power did she exert?
4. In order to lift a couch onto a moving truck, movers have to do 7500 J of work. If it takes the movers a time of 6.3 seconds to completely lift the couch, how much power did they exert?
5. If a truck exerts 100,000 W of power over 3600 seconds of driving, how much force did the truck exert over a 5000 meter distance?
6. When trying out your new "Power Gloves", which tell you the force you applied, the power you exerted, and the time it took to do these things, you accidentally knock your little brother slightly on his arm. He runs to your mom and claims that you hit him across the room. Thinking quickly, you know the room you were in is 8 meters long and according to your gloves, you exerted 1500 W of Power over the span of 0.5 seconds with a force of 250 N. Using your knowledge on Work and Power, solve for the distance you actually moved him and prove he is lying about you!
Machines, Advantage, and Efficiency:
1. Categorize the following 6 simple machines into the families below.
* Lever, Inclined Plane, Screw, Pulley, Wedge, Wheel and Axle
Inclined Plane Family: Lever Family: 1)
1)
2. Pair the object with its simple machine label.
1. Lightbulb: _____ i) Lever
2. Screwdriver: _____ ii) Inclined Plane
3. Teeter Totter: ______ iii) Pulley
4. Ramp: ______ iv) Screw
5. Knife: _____ v) Wedge
6. System used to lift hay bales: ______ vi) Wheel and Axle
3. What is the mechanical advantage of a ramp if it has a slope of 10 meters and a vertical height of 2.5 meters?
4. If a pulley system has a mechanical advantage of 7, and your input force on a pulley is given as 320 N, what output force is a result of this machine?
5. What would the efficiency be of a screw if it takes you 200 J of work to tighten a screw that ideally would take 185 J of work to tighten?
6. If the efficiency of a ramp is known to be 82.5% and you input work of value 555 J, what is the ideal work output exerted on the system?
Test Review: Energy Name: ____________________________________________ Pd: _____ Matching: Match each term to its definition. Energy: ____ 1. Energy based on the motion of an object. Potential Energy: ____ 2. Energy based on an object’s vertical position above the surface of the ground. Gravitational Potential Energy: ____ 3. How much work an object can accomplish based on the combination of potential and kinetic energy. Kinetic Energy: ____ 4. Energy that is stored and waiting to be used at a later point in time. Mechanical Energy: ____ 5. Energy cannot be created or destroyed but can change forms. Law of Conservation of Energy: ___ 6. The ability to do work on an object.
Free Response: Answer the following questions completely. For any calculations, be sure to show work, include units, and write known and unknown values. True / False: 1. There are 5 different types of energies: _____ 2. Energy is ALWAYS conserved: _____ 3. Energy does not transfer from one form to another: ______ 4. Nuclear Energy involves energy stored in the atomic nuclei: ______ 5. Thermal Energy deals with the stored energy of particles: ______ 6. Our world is perfectly ideal and does not have energy lost to friction / sound / heat in our system: ___
Kinetic / Potential Energy Problems: 1. What is the Kinetic Energy of a speeding bullet of mass 0.03 kg when it is moving at a velocity of 145 m/s?
2. What is the mass of a duck as it paddles across a pond at a velocity of 2 m/s while having a total Kinetic Energy of 20 J?
3. How much Gravitational Potential Energy would a Koala Bear have when it is 6 meters high trying to get a eucalyptus leaf to add to its 30 kg mass?
4. How high in the air was a 1.25 kg stone thrown when it had a total GPE of 247 J?
Mechanical Energy / Energy Types:
1. A 46 gram golf ball is hit from its tee and starts to fly towards the fairway. How much mechanical energy does the golf ball have when it is 0.04 km above the ground and is traveling at a velocity of 37 m/s?
2. How much GPE would a rock have that is flung out of a volcano at a velocity of 25 m/s when it has a mass of 50 kg and a total mechanical energy of 40,000 J?
3. What was the mass of a branch as it fell from a tree at a height of 6.8 meters at a velocity of 3.2 m/s if it had a total mechanical energy of 560 J?
4. Pair the following objects / items with their paired energy type.
1. Chemical Energy:____ a. The Sun
2. Thermal Energy:____ b. A lithium battery
3. Electric Energy:____ c. Heating up a stew.
4. Electromagnetic Energy:____ d. A person walking up a hill
5. Nuclear Energy:____ e. Light from a flashlight
6. Mechanical Energy:____ f. Plugging a charger into an outlet
Law of Conservation of Energy:
1. A roller coaster is slowly moved up a hill by the gears attached to the cart. Just as the cart reaches the top of the hill at 40 meters high, it is moving with a velocity of 2 m/s. Eventually, the cart starts to race down the hill until it reaches the bottom of the hill which is 3 meters off of the ground. At what velocity was the cart traveling at this point? (Mass of cart = 235 kg)
2. A student is dropping their egg for their Science class project. It is initially at rest and at a height of 5.4 meters before it is dropped. Given this, what is the speed of the egg and its contraption just as it reaches the ground when in total it has a mass of .074 kg?
Quiz Review: Heat Name: ____________________________________________ Pd: _____ Matching: Match each term to its definition. Temperature: ____ 1. The energy transferred between two objects based on differences in their temperatures. Absolute Zero: ____ 2. Objects that are not efficient at transferring heat. Heat: ____ 3. Transfer of heat through currents. Conductor: ____ 4. Measures the average kinetic energy (movement) of the molecules and particles in an object. Insulator: ____ 5. The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1.0 grams of a substance by 1.0°C Conduction: ____ 6. The point at which there is no KE in the particles of an object. Convection: ____ 7. Objects that are efficient at transferring heat. Radiation: ____ 8. Transfer of heat by direct contact. Specific Heat: ____ 9. Transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves.
Free Response: Answer the following questions completely. For any calculations, be sure to show work, include units, and write known and unknown values.
True or False: 1. Heat and temperature are the same thing: _______ 2. Scientists have been able to reach absolute zero in a lab setting: _______ 3. Heat always travels from the hotter substance to the cooler substance: _______ 4. You can convert Fahrenheit to Kelvin directly: _______ 5. Plastic is a good conductor: _______ 6. The higher the specific heat, the less energy an object can store: _______ Extended Response Questions: 1. What are the three units used for measuring temperature?
2. Which of the three units listed above is considered the international standard unit? _____________
3. Heat always flows from ________________ temperature to ________________ temperature.
4. Explain why your hand feels cold when holding an ice cube but hot when holding a cup of hot tea.
5. What is the standard unit for specific heat? _____________
6. What is the specific heat of water?_____________
7. What equation is used to calculate heat gained or lost given the specific heat of a material?
8. What are the three equations used for converting between temperature units?
9. Fill in the missing temperature values on the chart. Round to the nearest ONES place.
Fahrenheit Celsius Kelvin 72
32
298
12
97
310
10. List three materials that are good conductors of heat.
1. 2. 3.
11. List three materials that are good insulators of heat.
1. 2. 3. 12. Identify each of the following types of heat transfer as conduction, convection, or radiation.
1. The sand on a beach gets hot during a sunny day. ______________________
2. A brand is placed in hot coals and the handle heats up. ______________________
3. A heater on the bottom of an aquarium heats the entire tank. _____________________
13. 100 grams of copper and 100 grams of iron were both exposed to the same amount of heat energy. The copper feels warmer when touched. Explain how this is possible using the concept of specific heat.
14. Would 100 grams of aluminum have a higher, a lower, or the same specific heat as 50 grams of aluminum? Explain why using your knowledge of specific heat.
15. In the summer, temperatures can get to over 100 degrees fahrenheit. Would it be easier to stand on an object which has a higher specific heat capacity or lower specific heat capacity? Explain your answer using your knowledge of specific heat, and find examples of an object that would feel hot outside and an object that would be easy to stand on outside while barefoot.
16. The temperature of a piece of gold with a mass of 58 grams warms from 25°C to 32°C when the metal absorbs 52.4 J of energy. What is the specific heat of gold?
17. Students performed a lab to test the heat capacity of aluminum. They collected the information below.
Mass of Metal 20.0 g Mass of Water 100. g Initial Temperature of Water 23.0°C Initial Temperature of Metal 100.°C Final Temperature of Water 26.0°C Final Temperature of Metal 26.0°C
18. How much energy was gained by the water?
19. If the energy gained by the water is equal to the energy lost by the aluminum, use the value from the previous problem to calculate the specific heat for aluminum.
Review: Sound and Light Name: ____________________________________________ Pd: _____ Instructions: Answer the following questions over waves, sound, light. Matching: Match the following terms to their definitions.
Mechanical Wave: ____ 1. Waves that cause the particles in a medium to vibrate at right angles (perpendicular) to the direction in which the waves travel. Electromagnetic Wave: ____ 2. The time it takes for one occurrence of something to happen. Medium: ____ 3. When a wave bounces off a surface that it can not pass through. Transverse Wave: ____ 4. How fast a wave is traveling. Longitudinal Wave: ____ 5. The bending of a wave as it moves around an edge / obstacle or through an opening. Period: ____ 6. When two or more waves overlap one another and combine their energies into each other. Frequency: ____ 7. A disturbance in matter that carries energy from one place to another. Wave Speed: ____ 8. A device that causes the divergence of beams of light. Reflection: ____ 9. The amount of occurrences of something in a given period of time. Diffraction: ____ 10. Types of waves that can travel through empty space like outer space. Do NOT require a medium to travel through. Refraction: ____ 11. The study of the behavior and properties of light. Interference: ____ l. A material that is either a solid, liquid, or gas in which mechanical waves travel. Resonance: ____ m. A device that causes the convergence of beams of light. Optics: _____ n. The bending of waves as they enter into a new medium. Convex Lens: _____ o. Waves that cause the particles in a medium to vibrate parallel (same direction)as the direction in which the waves travel. Concave Lens: _____ p. The state at which an object starts vibrating at its natural frequency and magnifies the waveform.
True/False: Identify the following statements as being true or false. Write the ENTIRE word on the line to the left of the statement and CORRECT any false statements.
_______________1. Sound waves are mechanical, transverse waves _______________2. Both temperature and state of matter can affect how quickly a wave travels. _______________3. The intensity of a sound is measured in decibels (dB) and is based on a scale where 0 dB is the quietest sound a human can hear. _______________4. Pitch and frequency are inversely related. _______________5. A photon is a small particle of light that carries energy. _______________6. Sound below human hearing range are called ultrasounds and sounds above human hear ranges are called infrasounds. _______________7. Visible light has the highest energy of all wave types on the electromagnetic spectrum. _______________8. Red light has a higher frequency wave than violet light. _______________9. A leaf looks green because the green light waves are being absorbed by the leaf. _______________10. Light acts as both a wave and particle. A particle of light is a proton. _______________11. Convex lenses cause light rays to diverge. _______________12. Mirrors produce real images in their reflections. _______________13. Waves carry energy in their waves and can do work on an object. Free Response: Answer the following questions as completely as possible.
Label the parts of a wave: Crest, Trough, Amplitude, Wavelength.
What is the formula for calculating frequency given wave period? What type of mathematical relationship do frequency and period have?
What is the frequency of a wave with a period of 0.50 seconds?
What is the frequency of a wave with a period of 1.25 seconds?
5. What is the period of a wave with a frequency of 5.0 Hz?
6. What is the equation for calculating wave speed given frequency and wavelength? What type of mathematical relationship do wave speed and frequency have?
7. What is the speed of a wave with a frequency of 20.0 Hz and wavelength of 0.075 m?
8. What is the wavelength of a wave that travels at a speed to 4.5 m/s and has a frequency of 15 Hz?
9. What is the frequency of a wave with a wavelength of 2.5 m and speed of 105 m/s?
10. What is the doppler effect? Explain how the doppler effect changes sound waves and light waves.
Identify each of the following images as showing wave reflection, diffraction, or refraction.
1. b. c.
12. Draw the resultant wave based on the combination of the two wave combinations below.
13. Explain why sound is able to travel faster in warm air than cold air AND why sound is able to travel faster in most solids than gasses.
14. Compare the following sound wave images. Identify the pitch and intensity of each sound wave as being high or low when compared to the other wave images. (Circle the correct option)
Pitch: Intensity: Waves: High / Low High / Low
High / Low
High / Low
Pitch:
Intensity:
Waves:
High / Low
High / Low
High / Low
High / Low
15. What is an example of resonance and how does it amplify things like sound?
16. List the seven types of electromagnetic radiation in order from LOWEST energy to HIGHEST energy.
17. What is the mathematical relationship between each of the following light wave variables
1. Energy & Frequency
2. Energy & Wavelength
3. Wavelength & Frequency
18. (Circle One) Which wave type has a higher frequency? Infrared / Microwaves
19. (Circle One) Which wave type has a lower energy? X Rays / Ultraviolet
20. (Circle One) Which wave type has a longer wavelength? Gamma Rays / Visible Light
21. List the colors of visible light in order from HIGHEST energy to LOWEST energy.
22. (Circle One) Which color has a higher frequency? Green / Orange
23. (Circle One) Which color has a lower energy? Indigo / Yellow
24. (Circle One) Which color has a longer wavelength? Blue / Red
25. Provide at least one application of each type of electromagnetic radiation.
Wave Type Application Radio
Microwave
Infrared
Visible Light
Ultraviolet
X Rays
Gamma Rays
26. Explain why a red shirt looks red if the visible light hitting the shirt contains all seven colors of the rainbow.
27. Explain how a mirror is used to create a virtual image. You can draw a picture to help with your explanation.
28. Label the two lenses below as either convex or concave AND diverging or converging. Then, show what would happen to the light rays as they continue to pass through the lenses.
Type: ______________________________ Type: ______________________________ Type: ______________________________ Type: ______________________________