okay so today's lecture is Andrew Jackson I'll do about half of this lecture today and half on Wednesday and um as some of you have heard Andrew Jackson was arguably the most controversial U.S president of all he was the Donald Trump before Donald Trump existed in fact Trump was nothing compared to the controversy that Andrew Jackson was um and you'll see a little bit about why there are various reasons why um some of them not really having anything to do with his policies just his character and his personality so Jackson uh was born in 1767 and um you hardly ever hear it commented upon but even his ancestry and his childhood and his upbringing were a little bit of a factor in his uh controversy later in life he was born in the waxhaws region uh in South Carolina right on the border with North Carolina he was born to Scots Irish colonists and that's what I suggested was a little bit different uh the earlier generation of American presidents of American leaders were of English ancestry Jefferson Washington Adams all of them the Scott Cyrus were different and a lot of Southerners white Southerners or of Scots Irish they were famous for being quarrelsome was a nice way to put it um there were Indian Fighters they had a very kind of rough uh upbringing and uh her culture you might say and Jackson epitomized all of that uh so one important thing about him though in terms of his personal biography he was born just three weeks after his father died in a logging accident uh so he never met his father and then another very formative event in his life uh he was still a young boy when the American Revolution began um his eldest brother died after fighting in the Battle of Sono ferry in 1779 and then Andrew and another brother Robert became couriers or you know mail carriers for the uh American Army for the the Patriots they were captured by the British in 1781. and this famous lithograph I think it is or drawing shows a famous scene after he was captured a British soldier a British officer ordered Jackson to shine his boots and Andrew told him something unprintable about what he could do with his boots and so the officer drew his sword and struck him with the side of it in his face uh not the edge to kill him but the flat part of it to use it as a kind of as a uh like a like a club and Jackson raised his hand to dodge the ward off the blow and it left a scar where it hit his arm and where it hit his face he had the scar for the rest of his life and that kind of symbolized also the fact that he hated the British for the rest of his life he just had a profound hatred of them um and the officer hit his brother too his brother Robert was just as stubborn as he was and refused to shine the officer's boots then they were kept prisoner uh for a little while longer I don't remember exactly how long they both contracted smallpox and nearly starved to death while there were prisoners but they were eventually released um it was his mother I think was able to arrange for his and his brother's release but the conditions that they had been kept in were so poor that his brother died just a couple of days after they returned home just from the starvation and the disease and the toll that that had taken on by his health and then uh her his mother volunteered to serve as a nurse on uh ships and the Charleston Harbor that were used as as floating prisoner of war camps they kept the American prisoners there these ships were notorious for the inhumane treatment of the prisoners um during the American Revolution I don't think I mentioned this but there was a assignee of the Declaration of Independence who was kept on board one of these ships uh in the New York Harbor I think and he never recovered his health uh because of the the disease the starvation just the horrible conditions that were kept in so his mother sir volunteered to serve as a nurse there was a cholera outbreak on board of the ship she contracted cholera and died and so with his older brother dead his brother Robert dead his mom dead his father had died obviously 14 years earlier uh by the end of the American Revolution Jackson was a 14 year old orphan he moved when the war ended to um North Carolina and he studied law there and in 1787 he was admitted to the bar in North Carolina and here you see an old picture this picture looks like it's from the 1800s of a house that he boarded in while he was studying law as a teenager in North Carolina he would have been about 17 or so when he began the study and he would have been about 20 when he passed the bar and became a lawyer in North Carolina a little bit after that he moved to Nashville so he would have been about 21 I think um at the time he moved to Nashville and Nashville was a small town in the frontier Tennessee wasn't even a state yet he married he met a woman named Rachel Donaldson Robards uh pictured here and this love affair marriage would cause heartache for the rest of his and his wife's life she was already married she was married to a guy named Louis Robards and apparently he was an awful husband and they were separated at the time that she met Jackson and eventually they got divorced but the controversy is that Jackson and Rachel got married before she and her other husband got divorced and they told everybody they were Matt husband and wife and you know acted as if they were husband and wife and so technically because the second marriage preceded the divorce they were bigamists and after the divorce became final they remarried in something like 17 94 to make it official to make it good that the second marriage was now valid but for some people this was a scandal that he and she had been shocking up before the divorce was Final uh there were today I guess people wouldn't even notice but back then there were lots of people who did that sort of thing very seriously and she was very sensitive about it she was very sensitive about criticism of being with Jackson before her divorce was Final with her first husband and he was very sensitive about criticism of her because the criticism was always directed the woman anyway so that story of the kind of unorthodox marriage between Andrew and Rachel and the circumstances surrounding it led to one of the most infamous events of Jackson's life um in 1806 so Jackson would have been about 39 I guess um he was by now a very successful lawyer and politician in Tennessee but rumors about the circumstances of his marriage to Rachel uh continued you know persisted and a newspaper editor I think named Charles Dickinson published a criticism of Jackson basically calling Rachel a a bigamist someone who cheated on her first husband technically since they weren't divorced when she shacked up with Jackson Jackson was so offended by the criticism that he challenged Charles Dickinson to a duel um I don't know how many duels Jackson had over the course of his life I can't remember but I do remember someone said he had so many bullets inside of him he rattled when he walked it's probably not quite true but that kind of summed up the idea people had about Jackson um but the duel with Dickinson is famous because Dickinson was well known uh to be an excellent Dueler and to be a very good shot and expert uh Marksman and so Jackson came up with a strategy for winning this duel that might sound suicidal to you he decided that he would deliberately let Dickinson shoot first and his Hope was Dickinson would be would rush the shot thinking that Jackson was going to try to shoot first as well and in rushing the shot he would and he would you know aim poorly and miss and then Jackson could take his time and calmly Shake Dickinson kind of like what may have happened with Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton um well the strategy sort of backfired Dickinson did shoot first he did not miss the shot lodged like that far from Jackson's heart and the bullet was so close to his heart that they just left it there for the rest of his life they figured he was in more danger of an operation to try to remove it than to just leave it where it was Jackson was shot in the chest blood was pouring out of his chest but he didn't fall down he carefully aimed uh his shot Dickinson remained perfectly still by the code the etiquette of the day you weren't supposed to run away they weren't supposed to try to deflect the shot in any way and so Jackson shot him through the heart and killed him and this story among others about Jackson's dueling um LED people to have totally different ideas about half the people in the country like the old-fashioned guys the Thomas Jefferson uh John Adams and his son and that kind of group they thought Jackson was just a barbarian who went around killing people from the frontier who were used to duels and used to sort of this thing thought Jackson was just awesome because you know of the way that whole duel unfolded so yeah there was another story I'll just go ahead and tell it one guy tried to shoot Jackson when he was president and um this was the first assassination attempt on a a sitting president a president was still in office uh he fired and the gun backfired and didn't shoot Jackson and Jackson grabbed his Cane and just started beating the man and they had to grab Jackson pull him off or he would have beaten him to death with his game and he was about 70 years old at that time so interesting character so he became I told you he had a thriving political career a legal career in Tennessee he became Attorney General of Tennessee in 1791. he would have been very young 24 years old or so so right off the bat he starts his political career he was elected to the Tennessee constitutional convention in 1796 when they was ready to become a state and then when it did become a state he became its first U.S representative to congress in Congress he opposed George Washington Jackson was a uh Jeffersonian Republican and remember Washington was a federalist so he opposed the J treaty and other Washington policies he then became a state a U.S senator uh but he hated being the U.S senator and just resigned the following year and went back to Tennessee I think he hated serving in Congress period so he returned to Tennessee he got a spot as the a judge on the Tennessee Supreme Court where he earned an excellent reputation for his decisions and then he resigned that job in 1804. um he became a planter and opened a general store it was kind of like a Market sort of food clothing all sorts of things that's why they called it a general store uh he bought a plantation called The Hermitage which is still in existence near at Nashville you can go visit it and study his life and and that sort of thing eventually that Plantation was over a thousand acres in size and its principal crop was cotton now the primary Workforce on the plantation not surprisingly was slaves he started with nine slaves and eventually had about 150 and over the course of his lifetime he probably owned about 300 different slaves from one one time or another um his slaves live in cabins about 400 square feet lived in groups of five to ten people one thing that might surprise you but actually isn't doesn't strike me as very uncommon he supplied the slaves with guns and knives so they could provide their own food through fishing and hunting uh he paid them with money and coins sometimes for their work so they could go shop for food and clothing and local markets um but that doesn't mean he was nice obviously they were slaves so they were kept in captivity against their will they were whipped if they disobeyed or if they tried to escape uh if they did try to escape he offered rewards for their capture this is an example of reward offering fifty dollars for the capture of a a man about 30 years old uh who had tried to escape and it even offers uh ten dollars extra for every hundred lashes any person will give them to the amount of three hundred um so he's authorizing someone to whip him if they catch him basically so the slavery on Jackson's Plantation was brutal uh like it was everywhere else now Jackson goes from being a frontier dualist and politician and Plantation owner to a national hero as a result of the war of 1812. so I want to talk about that for this for a minute um there were different causes of the war one cause was that Britain was at war with France with Napoleon and the war was a huge it was almost a World War it involved the whole European continent and countries in the middle like the United States got uh involved in the war kind of against their will so Britain seized American ships during this war if it suspected that they were trading with the French and it in turn it impressed excuse me American Sailors and I've used that term before and press meant they literally stopped an American ship at Sea boarded the ship and rounded up whoever they could accuse of deserting from the British Navy and took them by force to the British ship and made them serve on that ship and they did this basically because they were lacking Manpower and this was a way for them to kidnap Americans is how our side saw it and forced them to work on their ships against their will and all of that infuriated Americans it outraged Americans another thing that was going on there was a cause of the war is that Americans believed rightly that the British and Canada were arming Indians also the British in Florida and inciting them to a raid American settlements and this little picture here gives you a good idea of what Americans thought was happening because it really was and um how they were outraged by it so you see a British officer taking the scalp and this is the American who's been killed and scalped and they're handing the bloody Scout to the British officer and it doesn't show the pavement but it's understood that the officer is giving them the weapons that they use and other rewards as well to encourage them so the British were using the Indians to make war by proxy right against the United States and this infuriated Americans of course um another issue that led to uh the War of 1812 was that there were American Ambitions to Annex Canada and Florida or at least a part of Canada I'll show you the part that they had their eye on there was a sense for one thing that the only way to stop the British from arming Indians and using them to attack Americans was to take the territory away from the British and and then we would have our own law and our own policies there and that would end what was going on there was another sense that turned out to be overly optimistic and just flat wrong there were a lot of American settlers people who had moved from the United States to a part of Canada and there was a sense among some Americans that those people would be pro-american and would jump at the chance to be annexed by the United States and that turned out not to be true I want to talk a little bit about these Indian attacks and give you a little bit of backstory here um especially in the Northwest there had been a war going on with Indians for several years and this kind of led directly into war the war of 1812. and what was going on there were Americans who were moving into Ohio and Michigan Wisconsin those Northwest states near the border with Canada and there were Indians who were fighting back and trying to kick the Americans out of those territories and assert Indian dominance they were led by Two Brothers Shawnee leaders Tecumseh who is pictured on the right and 10 Squad away it was pictured on the left and since Squad away is sometimes called the prophet that was his nickname these Shawnee leaders did a really amazing thing for the 17 late 1790s early 1800s they organized a pan-europe Indian pan-indian alliance against the Americans this may have been the first time that an Indian leader encouraged Indians to think of themselves as Indians and what I mean by that is for most of the history of Europeans versus Indians the United States versus Indians they didn't think of themselves as Indians we thought of them as Indians they thought of themselves as Shawnee Cherokee Comanche Sioux they're a friable identity and they were often worse enemies with other Indians than they ever were with the Americans and let me give you a little more information about that and every war that I know of that was fought in what's now the United States between either the English colonists and Indians or the Americans and Indians in every single war that I can think of it was actually the Americans plus some Indians against other Indians right so there was already a feud going on between Indians and we were just on one side of it or the other um but these guys had a novel idea they encouraged other Indian tribes in the Northwest and the Mississippi River Valley and even down into what's now the southern states to think of themselves as Indians as having something in common you know greater than their tribal affiliation and to see Americans as the common enemy who were threatened who were expanding Westward and threatening to take their land and they were very successful uh Tecumseh was the military leader the guy on the right he was the genius of military organization and the political Alliance he traveled constantly up and down the Mississippi River uh forging alliances with other tribes his brother tinsuade was more of a mystical leader that's why they called him the prophet and disaster for their Alliance happened in 1811. foreign was off on one of his trips his kind of political missions meeting with other Indians working on the alliances and if I remember correctly he gave his brother there were American soldiers nearby under the this is in Indiana under the leadership of William Henry Harrison and Tecumseh told his brother no matter what you do while I'm away don't attack William Henry Harrison right just stay put wait till I get back well can squat away had a vision and the vision told him that if they attacked the Americans that the Americans bullets would bounce off them harmlessly and this Vision happens two or three times in the history of Indian conflicts with Americans and it always ends very badly for the Indians uh because they they listen to this Vision they attacked William Henry Harrison the bullets did not bounce off of them and William Henry Harrison defeated the prophet at something called The Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811. this was a devastating defeat for the Shawnee Indians and their allies they never recovered from it and they were never able to threaten the United States in the Northwestern part of part of the United States again um they did they were still there and you'll see Tecumseh in the War of 1812 but they were not as much of a threat not in what's now the United States territory so I mentioned American annexation Ambitions uh this is the part of Canada that I was talking about the part that uh is on the other side of the Great Lakes from Ohio and Michigan uh there were lots of people there who were from American States originally like New York Pennsylvania Ohio and Michigan and so some Americans Jefferson said that conquering this part of Canada would Canada would be a mat a mere matter of marching that there wouldn't even be a fight the Americans would show up and they'd just say and they would just cheer hooray we're Americans now and there wouldn't even be a battle and he was completely wrong uh they were loyal to their new country of Canada and and they fought very fiercely so there were groups in Congress called warhawks and the War Hawks the two of them that are most famous the only two you have to remember are Henry Clay and John C Calhoun clay was from Kentucky and Calhoun was from South Carolina they were young congressmen they were pro-war and they wanted War for all the reasons I've listed so far and they were very ambitious and open about the U.S taking Upper Canada and annexing it and maybe taking Florida and annexing it as well so war was declared on June 1st 1812 and I want to just talk about some of the major events of the war just a few so you have a little bit of an idea of what transpired uh I won't go into a lot of detail but just a few minutes um so war is declared on June 1st 1812 and one of the first interesting things that happened was a naval victory in August of 1812 a U.S ship called the Constitution defeated a British ship called the garrier which is French for warrior and the French ships cannonballs the British ships cannonballs bounced off of the Constitution's whole uh harmlessly leading the Americans to nickname the ship Old Ironsides there was a poem written about old iron sides in the 1800s um and I should point out you can see in this picture here on the left that this is a ship that still exists you can visit it today it's in the harbor in Boston uh it is a commissioned U.S naval ship so if you go to visit it you can actually get a tour by someone in the Navy who will show you around the ship and tell you the history of it and if you ever get to do that I highly advise you to do so it's a fascinating tour and one of the things he will tell you you'll get to go inside and you'll get to see the deck where these cannons are and you can see how they're facing out and you'll be glad that you were not born in the 1800s and we're not in the United States Navy or any navy anywhere in the world because I'm I can imagine a more miserable existence but it still ranks up there as one of the worst you can imagine um and because when I did this 25 30 years ago he told us what it was like to serve in battle first of all you had to be short if you're over like five six or so you might not qualify because the decks were so small they needed short people just to get around well um second of all there was a fairly good chance that by the end of the battle you would be deaf and or maimed because they had these cannons tied down with thick ropes like this but even as thick as these ropes were it wasn't uncommon for the Cannons to just burst the Rope to snap and then the cannon would go bouncing around inside the hole crushing any guy who got in its way so guys will get arms and legs broken and mangled from time to time during these battles and even if you didn't get physically mangled by a rampaging Canon think about hearing these cannon fire over and over again for hours and hours that's where I said you you might end up deaf at the end of it just from the roar in your ears to constant uh constant War so it was a pretty tough life so um this next photo too I want to tell you about it before I forget um the the Constitution was so successful in its first few battles that the British sent out an order to their Fleet never to take on the Constitution one-on-one but to only do so if they had it you know uh at a disadvantage of like three or four or five or six to one because it was just that good of a show uh but they did have a chance to catch it right after it first put to Sea and this painting memorializes that the constitution was put to see I think just off the shore of Rhode Island and a British ship a British Fleet almost immediately spotted it and was about to overtake it you can see the Constitution right here and several British ships behind it one two three four five I think six or so and then the wind died and so the Constitution was in the ocean all the other ships were behind it in the ocean there was no wind blowing so they weren't moving anywhere and the American captain got the idea to set all the row boats in the water tie them to the Constitution and then row away pulling the Constitution behind and the British ships tried to do the same thing so what you had was a slow motion Chase of the Americans tugging the Constitution away and the British trying to tug after it and the Americans won and the Constitution was not captured and survived and I thought that was an interesting story so another important story is the battle of Horseshoe Bend there was a major battle and I think this was in Alabama I think it was in Alabama it was between Andrew Jackson who was the general in charge of the American militia the militia that he he organized and led during this battle was I think almost entirely composed of volunteers from Tennessee including some people who would go on to be very famous Davey Crockett David Crockett he never called himself David David Crockett was there Sam Houston was there and apparently got shot in the groin with an arrow and the wound agonized him for the rest of his life um the Americans won the battle and crushed the Creek Indians and they were also helped by Cherokee allies like I said there was never a battle between Americans and Indians uh the Cherokees and The Creeks were enemies the Cherokees fought alongside Jackson at Horseshoe bet this battle is important historically because the Creeks were defeated and they were forced to sign a treaty with Jackson afterwards giving up their rights to much of what Alabama and Mississippi today and they moved Westward after that or at least they were forced to another memorable event during the War the British captured and burned Washington DC they burned the U.S capital in the White House you've probably all heard the story of James Madison fleeing and his wife Dolly Madison saving the giant portrait of George Washington just before the British arrived apparently when the British got to the White House and burned it the Americans had fled just a few minutes before and there was a meal set on the president's table ready for him to eat before he was told he had to flee and the British officer sat down and ate the president's meal before they burned the building another interesting and memorable event is the story of the events that led up to the composition of The Star-Spangled Banner I'd like to tell this story because um many of you have probably mumbled the words to the banner without having any idea what the story is why it was written or what it means The Story Goes Like This so the British wanted to attack Fort McHenry which was a few miles outside of it was protected the harbor that led to Baltimore and so the Strategic importance of this is if they could conquer Fort McHenry then they would have easy access to Baltimore and they could now sack and burn Baltimore like they had just on Washington DC a little while earlier well an American named Francis Scott Key got word that a friend of his had been captured by the British he boarded the British ships in the harbor just before the battle started to ask them basically to let his friend go I don't remember the details his friend wasn't a combatant obviously I guess and they so key got there you got he met the guy who was in charge of the British Fleet here and the British guy said okay sure we'll let your friend go no problem but we're about to start bombing Fort McHenry uh you have to wait until the battle is over and then we'll we'll put you ashore and you can leave so the story the song the poem tells the story of key watching this battle from the British point of view he's on board one of their ships he sees them bombing the fort all night long and obviously it's dark there's no electricity no lights in those days the only light he can see by is the bombs bursting in the air and whenever the bombs burst he can see the American flag and he knows that that means the fort hasn't surrendered so he and then he's the famous lines in the morning he's waiting for the sunlight sun to rise and he can see for himself you know is the flag still there has the force surrendered or is the force still fighting and obviously the fort didn't surrender it didn't fight and the song is celebrating it didn't uh give up and that's what the song is celebrating so that's what these lines are talking about uh it was brought can you see whether dawn's early light was so proudly we held at the twilight's last gleaming whose broad stripes and bright stars through the perilous fight or the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming and the rockets red glare the bombs bursting in air gave proof through the night that our flag was still there and this is the flag it's a real flag you can see it I think it's at the Smithsonian in Washington if I remember correctly I think I saw it there about 30 years or so okay now another interesting event uh connected to the War of 1812 by the end of the war um it was really kind of a stalemate the British had burned Washington uh and the American Invasion the Americans had tried to invade Canada actually and it failed miserably uh but neither side really thought they had anything to gain from continuing to fight so they had a uh a meeting in Europe to discuss a peace treaty well while that meeting was going on Federalists met in Hartford Rhode Island at the Hartford Convention and on December the 15th they came up with some ideas or uh proposals of their own they wanted to amend the Constitution to make a war like this one unlikely to happen again see Federalists were opposed to this war from the beginning Madison remember was a republican like Jefferson um the Federalists in New England thought this war was just economic falling right their primary trading partner partner was England uh they were hurt by the British stopping American ships but they were hurt a lot more by not having any trade at all with England and being at war with England so the Federalists were opposed to the war and they wanted to do some of the following things they wanted to end the Three-Fifths clause if you remember the Three-Fifths Clause said that a state like South Carolina for example which was basically half free meaning mostly white and half black mostly slave but not all like eighty percent ninety percent slave um that let me rephrase when it came time some black there when it came time to calculate how many votes they got in the Electoral College and when it came time to calculate uh how many seats they got in the House of Representatives they would be represent they would get uh credit for every free person that lived there but also for three-fifths of every slave right so if there are a hundred slaves and 100 free people then you get 133 oh wait no 160 sorry my math failed me for a second um the Federalists wanted to end the Three-Fifths clause and say you didn't get any credit at all zero for whatever part percentage of your population was enslaved that means they would get less fewer votes in the Electoral College and fewer seats in the House of Representatives why did the Federalists care so much about this well slavery was gone virtually in all the northern states there were no slaves anymore hardly any and there were a tiny tiny tiny few hardly any in New York Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut uh what would become Maine uh and so on and if you didn't give the Southern States Credit in the Electoral College and the house for their slave population they wouldn't have been winning these presidential elections right Jefferson would have lost to Adams I think Madison would have lost or whoever challenged him back in 1809 and so they figured um they we would have the presidency and we wouldn't be involved in These Foolish kinds of wars they also wanted to have a one-term limit for presidents and they wanted to have a constitutional requirement that you needed a two-thirds majority vote in Congress to declare war so all of these constitutional changes they wanted were aimed at preventing the recurrence of a war like this war of 1812. well some people in the Federalist Party also talked about secession remember Aaron Burr and his group the Essex junto in the early 1800s talked about that as well they wanted the Northeast to actually secede from the country that's how disgusted they were by the war of 1812. well when rumor got out that there was talk of secession going on amongst the Federalists at this Hartford Convention that destroyed the reputation of the party and it virtually ceased to exist uh after this so the Treaty of Ghent was signed just a few days later December 24th the important thing to remember is that it settled none of the issues before the war the harassment of U.S ships that see the impressment of U.S Sailors at Sea uh the arming of Indians Britain didn't agree to stop any of that or apologize for any of it the two sides basically just agreed to stop fighting because they didn't want to fight anymore and all territory would revert to what it had been originally so America wouldn't get any new territory and Canada or Florida and the British wouldn't claim any new territory uh in the United States either that treaty was signed on December 24th but it took several weeks for the treaty to get to the United States because travel by a ship was slow it took I think six weeks or so four to six weeks for word of the treaty to get from there to across the Atlantic Ocean and here's one of the Great ironies one of the biggest battles of the war and by far the biggest American victory was fought after the treaty had been signed to end the war but before anyone in America had heard about it that's the Battle of New Orleans I didn't write down the exact date and I can't remember the exact date but it was in January of 1850. so it was about two weeks after they signed the treaty and there was a British Army that was put ashore just a few miles from New Orleans Andrew Jackson organized the American defenses in New Orleans and it was a unusual Army that he organized and included uh free blacks in New Orleans it included Indians his Cherokee allies and other Indians it included Pirates there was a pirate who was famous in Galveston Jean Lafitte a French pirate he helped the Americans I don't remember why he cut a deal with Jackson I guess um and so they organized their defenses the Americans are on the left of this painting that you can see here the British are on the right the British had a remarkably Brave but uh foolish strategy which is let's line up in straight rows and March at the Americans and hope we all get to them before they shoot us to pieces and die um the strategy worked beautifully for the Americans the British marched in straight lines towards the American defensive position the Americans tore apart the British with artillery fire and rifle fire and when the British when the battle was over about 2 000 British soldiers were dead or wounded and I think maybe half a dozen Americans were injured in the fighting uh probably from incidental things like gunpowder explosions and stuff like that so it was a huge one-sided lopsided victory for the Americans and this made Andrew Jackson a national hero and eventually president of the United States from now on he was the guy who killed people in duels and who whipped the British at New Orleans and he could live off that for the rest of his life another important factor this this battle led to a huge burst in American confidence after uh being humiliated with Washington burning um and losing uh in other parts of the country to have finally in the last battle of the war to have thoroughly and completely whipped the British army made the Americans feel like we won the war even if the treaty on paper said it was basically a tie they felt like they won like they had successfully defended themselves and defeated the British foreign so those were two results of the War uh Jackson is a national hero American nationalism gets a boost from the victory at New Orleans also from the victory at Fort McHenry which leads to The Star-Spangled Banner and the victories of the USS Constitution at sea another couple of things I want to mention I I said this already which is important the Federalist Party just disintegrated um and last during the war American Industry Group because we were cut off for two or three years from trade with Britain and Britain was our biggest trading partner going into the war and so Americans had to start producing their own everything muskets and clothes and rifles and that sort of thing and so that was a boost to American industry okay we'll stop there we'll continue with the election of 1824 tomorrow