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Exploring the Tragic Hero of Macbeth

Apr 27, 2025

Lecture Notes: Character Analysis of Macbeth

Overview

  • Focus on Macbeth as the tragic hero in Shakespeare's play "Macbeth."
  • Exploration of Macbeth's journey from a respected figure to a tragic downfall.

Aristotle's Definition of a Tragic Hero

  • Aristotle's Poetics: A tragic hero is highly renowned, experiences a reversal of fortune, and their downfall is due to a personal error or flaw (hermatia).
  • Macbeth's hermatia is his ambition.

Macbeth's Initial Renown

  • Act 1, Scene 2: Described as brave and noble by the sergeant, King Duncan, and Banquo.
  • Macbeth's actions on the battlefield earn him respect in a society where strength rules.

The Witches' Prophecy

  • Macbeth and Banquo both receive prophecies from the witches.
  • Banquo's Reaction: Skeptical and indifferent.
  • Macbeth's Reaction: Startled and ambitious, hinting at his inner desires.

Macbeth's Descent

  • Ambition leads to Macbeth killing King Duncan (Act 1, Scene 7).
  • Murders orchestrated: Banquo, Fleance (escapes), Lady Macduff, and her children.
  • Other Characters' Views:
    • Lennox: Country suffers.
    • Witches: "Something wicked this way comes."
    • Malcolm: Calls Macbeth a tyrant.
    • Young Siward and Macduff: Call Macbeth a tyrant and hellhound.
    • Malcolm posthumously: "Dead butcher."
  • Loss of emotion: Indifference at Lady Macbeth's death.

Shakespeare's Portrayal of Macbeth

  • Avoids showing key murders on stage to retain audience sympathy.
  • Structure: Macbeth's not depicted as purely evil.
  • Hecate's Speech: Reminds audience Macbeth is not a true son of evil.

Macbeth's Final Bravery

  • Returns to bravery similar to his initial noble image.
  • Battle success: Kills Young Siward, refuses to surrender to Macduff.
  • Macbeth's final stand seen as brave and honorable.

Themes of Pity and Fear

  • Aristotle's aim for tragedy: Inspire pity and fear.
  • Audience pities Macbeth's downfall due to his initial noble stature and ambition-induced spiral.

Conclusion

  • Further analysis of Macbeth's character to be explored in future content.
  • Encouragement to subscribe to the channel for more insights and to check out additional resources like Mr. Bruff's guide to Macbeth.