Neoclassical Art Period

Overview

• Height: Late 18th to early 19th century
• Origin: Rome, spread throughout Europe and the United States
• Characteristics: Return to ancient Greek and Roman art
• Ideals: Simplicity, reason, order, virtue, civilized society

Key Influences on Neoclassical Art

1. Pushback on Baroque and Rococo

   • Baroque: 1600 - 1750; characterized by drama, emotion, tension
   • Rococo: Early 1700s; fun, sensual, frivolous, less focus on church themes
   • Neoclassicism emerged as a reaction against overly ornate styles of Baroque and Rococo.

2. Writings of Johann Joachim Winckelmann

   • German art historian/archaeologist, considered the father of art history.
   • Advocated for noble simplicity and calm grandeur, and the imitation of ancient art.
   • His writings influenced the return to Greek and Roman ideals in art.

3. Excavations of Pompeii and Herculaneum

   • Began in mid-1730s and 40s; revived study of Roman and Greek art.
   • Important for spreading neoclassical ideals, especially among the European upper class.
   • Rome was a key stop on the Grand Tour for young European aristocrats.

4. 18th Century Age of Enlightenment

   • Valued science, reason, individual liberty, and constitutional government.
   • Neoclassical art reflected these ideals, portraying civilized and orderly society.

Characteristics of Neoclassical Art

• Style: Serious, symmetrical, orderly, virtuous, and heroic.
• Themes: Often depicted classical history, political leaders, philosophical ideas, and religious figures.
• Architecture: Simpler and less ornate than Baroque and Rococo.

Notable Artists

• Jacques-Louis David:
  • Leader of the neoclassical movement in France.
  • His art combined simplicity with drama; influential in creating propaganda art.
  • Impacted future artists and remains celebrated for his craft.

Conclusion

• Neoclassical art represents a significant shift in art history, emphasizing classical ideals and order.
• For more information and resources, including a western art history timeline, refer to the linked materials in the video description.