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Aviation and Technological Changes in the 20th Century
Jul 25, 2024
Lecture Notes: Aviation and Technological Changes in the 20th Century
Introduction to Aviation
Aviation as the third great development change in the 20th century
Internal combustion engine: The basis for developing airplane engines
Important milestone: The Wright brothers' first flight in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina
Conditions: Flat and windy
Replica info provided
Recommended reading: "The American Experience" by David McCullough
Consequences of Aviation
Impact on warfare: World War I and II
Example: Carpet bombing during WWII
Development in the 1920s: Maps for air mail delivery
Use of cement arrows and gas-lit shacks for navigation
Shrinking of the globe similar to the railroad
Greater government regulation and the need for organizations like the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
Impact of 9/11: Increased regulations, Department of Homeland Security
Domestic Technologies
Introduction as the fourth key development
Concept: Domestic Revolution
Notable inventions and their impacts:
Vacuum cleaners
: Transition from hardwood to carpet flooring
Washing machines
: From handwashing to machine washing
Dishwashers
: Ease of dishwashing
Electric/gas ovens and microwaves
: Revolution in cooking methods
Refrigerators and freezers
: Essential kitchen appliances
Toasters, vacuums, CD/MP3 players
: Convenience in daily life
Advanced forms of entertainment: TV, radio, etc.
Reflection on changing standards of cleanliness and domestic work
Entertainment Technologies
Radio
Invented by Henrik Hertz; improved by Marconi (wireless telegraphy)
First radio station: KDKA Pittsburgh, 1920
BBC model: Paid service; U.S. model (NBC, 1926): Free with commercials
Popularity and usage: 3 out of 4 Americans had radios by the 1930s
Propaganda tool during the 1930s and WWII
Radio's role in political communication: FDR, Hitler, Mussolini
Ownership surged by the 1950s
Cinema
Development from silent films to more complex movies
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