lecture two organization and weapons of the people's Liberation Army this includes the people's Liberation Army ground forces the people's Liberation Army Air Forces and the people's Liberation Army Navy the point of this lecture is to have you identify and be familiar with the instruments of military force that are used by the Chinese military now there are different applications of this from an analytical point of view sometimes strategies are based on the possibilities created by the availability of certain Technologies at other times Technologies are driven by strategy strategy has certain goals the goals are very often geographically determined and then that drives procurement so the purpose of this since we're going to be discussing the different strategies and historical issues regarding China's Security is to have at least some knowledge of some of the equipment that the Chinese military uses so originally China had its military regions and army groups which are the equivalent of cords each core is about three divisions and divisions are between 10 and 15 000 soldiers so it gives you an idea of where most of China's military army units were concentrated but this was reorganized since 2016 we have theater commands and this is far more oriented towards the likely future threats which emerge from the Pacific and you can see the Eastern theater command which is focused on Taiwan and the southern theater command would be focused on the South China Sea here you can see the military uh regions the old military regions but we're using this map because it depicts the different plaaf the people's Liberation Army Air Force uh headquarters and main air bases across China there are 150 Air Force bases across China and here you can see the deployment of the main fleets across China an important note is Hainan island which is south of Guangzhou has Sania Naval Base which contains the ballistic missile submarines of China's Fleet these are the submarines that carry the ballistic missiles underwater 2021 Global military spending you'll see that China spends about 300 billion Which is less than half of what the U.S spends but it should be noted that over half of U.S spending is Personnel costs uh as well the the Chinese spend it's estimated more on domestic security than they do on Military uh the cost of their military forces and you can see the other countries that it opposes like India UK Russia so Russia and India for example have very large militaries because they paid their soldiers far less than do most Western countries here you can see the militaries by size in 2021 China 2.2 million India 1.5 million the US had 1.4 million North Korea Russia Pakistan all of which are straining their economies as well as Iran and then you have South Korea which has a military that's sustainable and not a large part of the budget foreign so China's Army has a drastically reduced since the last time I taught this lecture they've lost about 25 percent of their Force they're down to 960 000 of which 800 000 are conscripts so overwhelmingly uh you have conscripts however a very small number of China's population that are registered are actually called up as conscripts so a very small part of China's military actually serves uh China could probably uh call up tens of millions if it was a general conflict the Navy's uh about the same size as it was 10 years ago 260 000 with a much smaller number of conscripts the Air Force has no conscripts and it's about the same size as it was the Strategic military forces has increased by about 20 000 in the last five years now most conscripts are actually volunteers they are listed and they basically uh get ahead of the system and join there's been a decline in party membership from the people's Liberation Army and the National Defense Reserve force is in Decline so the the Chinese use of mass infantry to deal with a Soviet invasion in the 1970s and 80s it's no longer a requirement education details the formal Academy system in China comprises 116 schools participating in the National Defense program they account for 50 percent of officers who are mostly from the hard Sciences like engineering while the other 50 percent come from 70 military academies that to Mission officers two China's been technically training its conscripts in order to replace Junior offers and create an NCO class however it's not clear how much autonomy the NCO class has number three thirty percent of the concert groups are Urban and seventy percent are rural and number four about seventy percent of the people's Liberation Army soldiers come from one child families and among combat troops about eighty percent have been raised as only children China has a history of amoral familism in the sense that the state has been relatively weak because Chinese focus on the family traditionally this meant you'd had cousin marriages and so people would put their allegiance in the family and not the state and so the state was not very robust China's Communist Regime tried to change this by have having people put Allegiance into the state and not the family although this is a forever ongoing uh uh division of loyalties of the individual there are of course we gear and Russian minority conscripts within the Chinese military because there are minorities particularly in the Far Western portions of China like xinjiang Province along the border with the Russian Far East this is the rank structure of the Chinese military this was the original rifle used in the 50s and 60s derived from the semi-automatic Soviet seminov SKS rifle it's the type 56 it's now only used by militia occasionally used for parade troops it's it's a reserve rifle this is a type 56 Soviet AK-47 again derived from the Soviet 1847 assault rifle again Reserve use type 81 assault rifle Reserve use type 81 Soviet RPD light machine gun used in some units derived from the Soviet rpd44 type 67 gpmg this has been replaced by another machine gun dshk 12.7 millimeter heavy machine gun this is a soviet-era weapon no longer in use by China foreign so between 2003 and 2020 China used the qbz 95 assault rifle Bullpup design and this was replaced in 2020 China began introducing the qbz 191 assault rifle so variations of the earlier assault rifle design here we have for elite units the submachine gun variant with a smaller round the qcw05 here is the section suppression weapon qbb 95 light machine gun here's the qj88 light machine gun looks like it's on a tripod for sustained long-range accurate fire type 80 gpmg which is a drive from the Soviet pkms this is the w85 12.7 millimeter heavy machine gun this is the type 88 5.8 millimeter qbz 95 sniper rifle Bullpup design this is the qbj10 12.7 millimeter sniper rifle also used for anti-vehicle this is the type 87 qj87 35 millimeter automatic grenade launcher so it's like the American mark 19 or the Soviet ags-17 it'll fire basically a hand grenade sized explosive fragmentary device uh several thousand meters the LG 340 millimeter grenade launcher which is obviously the knockoff of the American mark 19. here's the type 69 rocket propelled grenade used to destroy tanks and armored vehicles this is the type 56 75 millimeter recoilless rifle of which there are still 3966 in service they're very useful because you can modify the rounds that go in them and many countries still use the recoilless rifle pf98 120 millimeter anti-tank rocket launcher China has some of these the hj8 anti-tank guided missile China has 450 of these many these are vehicle mounted on Wheel vehicles and track vehicles it's essentially a missile that can destroy a tank and you'd operate it off of a lighter vehicle the lighter vehicle would go into a hold down position in other words it would go behind a small Mound it would pop up fire the rocket and hopefully the rocket would make contact with the tank before the tank or the target turned and fired around or machine guns back gives the hj10 anti-tank guided missile on a tracked vehicle China's got about 200 of these again these are particularly useful because they're very long range the question is for the three thousand or four thousand meter range of the missiles are the are these forces going to be deployed in that kind of geography certainly in Taiwan you're not going to have Open Fields like that you have a lot of built up terrain you've got a lot of Mounds between the rice paddies in Taiwan so uh it's this would be far better than it used in a desert environment or in the Russian far east or in the central plains of China foreign here's the hn5b man pad is a Surface tear missile it's basically a copy of the Soviet strella the fn6 manpad again another system it's not really meant to shoot down aircraft as much as keep them away so if low-flying aircraft ground strike aircraft or helicopters come nearby these Rockets this is the weapons distribution in a squad of 10 Class A Chinese infantiers or Marines using the older assault rifle so you'll see in the top you've got one person with an anti-tank weapon uh heavy you've got two individuals with lighter disposable anti-tank weapons and uh well just like everybody's got a a light anti-tank weapon you've got a light machine gun and everyone else is equipped with the assault rifle and so that's a section normally headed by a master Corporal or a sergeant in Western militaries so we get into anti-tank weapons this is a type 86 100 millimeter anti-tank gun of which China has 1 308 most other armies no longer have anti-tank guns because they cannot defeat the special laminate armor on the front of tanks and they're much heavier much bulkier than an anti-tank rocket as you can imagine so most armies have discarded these systems here's an anti-tank gun crew now modern armored vehicles are required to move infantry on the battlefield and infantry are very important because despite drones people inside tanks can't see well outside so they need the cooperation of infantry to take out broken terrain such as enemies hiding in the forest in a little hilly area or inside fortifications so this would carry the soldier safely through the battlefield against Small Arms fire and artillery to the Target and normally they move in support of Tanks this is the wz501 zbd86 of which China still has 1250 and it's basically a copy of the Soviet BMP this is the Zed sd89 APC of which China's got 1750 this is one in service in Sri Lanka this is China's more modern APC this is the zsd63 APC of which China still has 950 these are China's first apcs uh they're meant for the smaller stature of Chinese soldiers at the time so they're no longer as comfortable they were sold in large numbers particularly the Middle East Saddam Hussein's Iraq had a lot of these in 1991. this is the zl92 armor personnel carrier wheeled uh China's got 700 of these this is the ZL zsl 93 APC uh China's got 50 of these again this is in the service of the Sri Lankan Army this is the zbl08 Infantry Fighting Vehicle which China's got 2 500 so it's got a turret with a machine gun and it carries a section of soldier safely and quickly on the battlefield in support of an armored operation or independently this is the zsl10 APC of which China's got 900 again it carries troops it's not a tank this is the zbd03 armored infantry Fighting Vehicle Airborne of which China currently has none so it's had them for a while and it got rid of them over time this is the zbd04 armored infantry Fighting Vehicle Airborne of which China's got 2 300. this is a very large uh vehicle so I might have uh it might require a lot of shoots to land and uh perhaps an aircraft cannot carry more than one at a time but we're to China to to drop onto Taiwan this would give Chinese infantry immediate protection once they landed this is the zbd's zero five armored infantry Fighting Vehicle Marina which China's got 900 these would debark from amphibious ships and then drive up the beaches along the coast of Taiwan or into it to Abba the Taiwanese Island and the South China Sea or on the coast of the Philippines or onto Okinawa this is the ztd05 uh essentially it's a uh like a tank and it has a cannon that allows it to land on the beach again it carries infantry with it and it's but it's more heavily uh weaponed version of it so again it can be used against Taiwan or against uh Japanese islands in the Q shoes uh or against the Philippines this is the wz523 APC of which China no longer has any but they were used in the Far West in places like XI Jang which is Tibet or xinjiang we have large expanses of desert and Mountain Roads of course there are thousands of trucks in the people's Liberation Army that uh do the logistics and the transportation and the whole supply network for the Chinese military this is the hj-9 anti-tank guided missile on a vehicle of which China's got 450 so these would be used to support the tanks again these vehicles are rather poorly armored but they're able to make use of the terrain to protect themselves against tank attacks while firing uh missiles at very long range against uh armored vehicles of the enemy this at ptl02 100 millimeter support self-propelled anti-tank gun so that's a gun it's not an artillery piece it's meant to shoot at armored vehicles because it's wheeled it can go quite quickly so in theory it could be deployed where you've got a good road Network or a flat hard surface like a rocky desert China's got 250 of these this is the PTZ 89 120 millimeter self-propelled anti-tank gun China's got 200 of the 230 of these again this is not a piece of artillery this is actually a tank gun and this is uh because it's not a tank so it doesn't have very good armor it's meant to make use of the train and to be used defensively so if if there's going to be a large number of tanks that are attacking it's more cost effective to use this ptz89 then it is an equivalent Chinese tank to protect the area because this vehicle is lighter it's got less armor but it's got the same Cannon foreign this is the type 62 85 millimeter light tank that was in service in the 50s and 60s and it's no longer being deployed this is the type 63 85 millimeter light tank of which China's still got 100 it's a copy of the Russian system is it's essentially a amphibious light tank that can be used for reconnaissance so you'd have it out in front of the forces and it moves quite quickly so it's able to detect the enemy radio in and look for uh weak spots or gaps in the defense line and then the rest of the army would follow them across this is the type 59 100 millimeter uh Canon main battle tank of which China's still got 600 these are very old models a copy of the Soviet t-55 here you can see the type 59 in an advance this type of Advance uh which is very dense can be very dangerous normally Western tanks have one uh pair of Tanks moving while the other pair of tanks are in OverWatch so they're basically covering the movement of the first two tanks and once the first two tanks have hit a location then the next two tanks follow with Soviet type armies there generally isn't the money available for all the soldiers to be training all the time because the engines wear out on the vehicles and so you don't have that same fine-grained level of tactical analysis you essentially have the entire organization moving in one formation towards a Target which is very dangerous because while they're moving they're not able to shoot as effectively and so they can be destroyed so they're less able to take advantage of terrain if China evolves its political culture uh its middle military culture may follow there might be greater initiative cultivated in the leaders and you might get that more fine grain maneuver but so far China has not demonstrated that capability this is the type 79 it's got 105 millimeter cannon um uh there's about 200 of these it's the main battle tank but with 105 millimeter gun it's sort of uh dated to the 1970s this is the type 88 125 millimeter cannon which is the same as the Soviet version there's 300 of these These are more modern it's got NBC protection all welded Hull it's got a crew of four so this would be equivalent of a Soviet tank from the 1980s this is the type 96 125 millimeter Canon uh three-person crew this implies a turret autoloader it's got composite armor turret design thermal optics Optical Jammers and so this is the equivalent of a Soviet tank from the 1990s China's got about 2 500 of these China's not dramatically increased its number of tanks in the last 10 years it's mostly been focusing on warships and amphibious capabilities and helicopters and it's been incrementally increasing some of its aircraft but the tank forces are pretty much constant and the older versions are being put out of service here's a type 99 with 125 millimeter gun a three crew composite China's got about 1200 of these this is their top tank this is the inside of the export version this is the Commander's position inside the type 99 this is the driver's position in the type 79 and the Gunner's position these are the different rounds the 125 100 and 105 millimeter armor piercing fin stabilized discarding sabot so what you've got is a Tungsten core and that you got in the back there a sleeve which falls off which releases that thin long arrow and hands over to it additional kinetic power which then smashes through the armor this is the auto loader and the type 99 very controversial obviously because it implies the ammunition is inside the turret and if the turrets hit as we saw with Russian tanks in Ukraine the whole tank goes up in a flaming explosion tq-15 light tank uh which Chimes got about 400 they're not so light they're between 30 and 40 tons so it's a matter of uh their ability uh to navigate Bridges I suspect this tank which has been around since 2017 is being designed to fit within the amphibious craft that would land on Taiwan the Japanese kushu Islands or on the Philippine island of Luzon this is the ztl11 assault gun again that's a that's a cannon that's used to hit targets China's got about a thousand of these uh very mobile so into artillery China's got of 2800 some of it is the type 83 122 millimeter artillery again which is a Soviet caliber because these weapons were inherited from the Soviet Union this is the type 96 same caliber 122 millimeter this is a copy of the Soviet D30 which is the most common uh Soviet toad artillery piece and it's a good quality artillery piece this is the type 66 which is a copy of the Soviet D20 152 millimeter gun the problem with all of these toe types of artillery is when the shell is fired the other side the target targeting side typically has radar like NATO they've got a radar they detect where the shell is coming from and then they can do counter battery in about a minute so you've got to shoot and then you got to move very quickly before 10 or battery comes in and destroys the artillery so you want self-propelled artillery in other words you want an armored vehicle with the cannon inside it so that the crew is protected from fragments so there's a a group of these a quantity of these artillery pieces out of 1 600 in the inventory of 152 millimeter this is the type 66 firing this is a type 59 which is the Soviet m46 130 millimeter artillery China's got 234 this is heavy artillery here you can see it being towed by a truck again which is not ideal here's the type 83 152 millimeter Howitzer China's got some of these howitzers as opposed to guns um are designed to have a rounder trajectory so they can fly high in the air and then come down on the other side of a mountain or a hill this is the type 85 155 millimeter China's got some of these these look like they're copies of the triple seven or other uh easily mobile artillery pieces that can be carried around by aircraft to remote parts of China this is the wac 2155 millimeter artillery piece of which China's got 150 you can see the vehicle there allows it to become self-propelled in other words you just d-lock the legs at the back you pop out the wheel and this thing can drive down the road so this is some of China's earliest self-propelled artillery this is a type 70-1 122 millimeter self-propelled Howitzer China no longer has any of these this is the plz 89 122 millimeter the same gun you saw before these are self-propelled China's got 500 of these and 200 are in store so these are being phased out gradually these are the plz07 122 millimeter again the same gun they're self-propelled and China's got about 700 of these this is the pcl09 122 millimeter self-propelled artillery piece uh China's got about 300 of these again useful for parts of China we've got hard surfaces like some of the desert areas in the northwest here's the PCL 0 922 millimeter uh of which China's got 300 with the gun deployed here's the PCL 161. same artillery piece there are about 30 of these this is the PCL 171 122 millimeter you can see it's a very small vehicle and they're about 60 of these These are probably uh air portable this is the plz 8352 millimeter self-propelled gun China's got about 150 of these and 200 in store this is again it's a copy of a Soviet model and it's old technology so it's being phased out this is the plz zero 555 millimeter self-propelled gun that China's got about 320 of these 155 millimeters pretty much the standard model for an artillery piece that fires out to about 20 kilometers foreign there are a whole number of support Vehicles particularly for the artillery this is the plz 45 ammunition vehicle so there are many different varieties of these types of vehicles that can very quickly provide changes of equipment to the gun and resupply it basically move its back end into the artillery self-propelled gun and then they would exchange artillery on a ramp so here we can see that being done so one of the things that can fire is the pl 652 millimeter laser guided anti-tank shell it's a Russian copy basically coming out of an inspiration in the 1970s the American Copperhead which is now of course a much more Diversified system it's a laser-guided anti-tank rocket that's being fired by artillery and when it comes over the battlefield it's picked up it picks up the laser and hits the target and NATO and and the US has been working on this since the 1970s the type 63 multiple rocket launcher China has many of these and they've exported it all over the world they're probably no longer in use in the Chinese inventory this is the type 81 122 millimeter self-propelled multiple rocket launcher uh of out of a total of 1 250. so China's got a lot of these systems which again it's a copy of the Soviet system you can put a lot of Rocket Firepower onto a single location it's not very accurate you've got good range it does take a long time to resupply the Rockets the pH Z 122 millimeter multiple rocket launcher China's got 393 of these this is the phl003 type zero three 300 millimeter multiple launch rocket system with a range of 90 kilometers which is not quite far enough for China to strike Taiwan uh China's got 175 of these this is the p12 short range ballistic missile of which China's got a few people Liberation Army self-propelled mlrf concept way back in 2012 it's a decade ago and they're still working on the model this is the type 73 armored recovery vehicle again a great number of these types of vehicles that are meant to do engineering work and to help repair tanks in the field and help to pick up tanks on the battlefield that have been damaged pull them back and start undergoing repairs so they can be put back into the line in sort of a conservative estimate you could probably repair um on a 24-hour basis about 10 of all the tanks that are destroyed and uh depending on how good the technical crews are many of the tanks that are hit on the battlefield can actually be recovered and repaired which is why uh a large part of the military's Logistics Branch are tow vehicles picking up damaged armored vehicles for repair this is a type 59 armored vehicle uh Bridge you can see here it's got a foldout bridge that would put over a gap this is not really a gap we're looking at here but this is uh essentially how you would deploy the bridge here's a military engineer pontoon Bridge China's got a lot of engineering the Soviets had more engineering because in order for them to invade into Western Europe there were great many rivers like the Rhine that they would have to cross so they had a lot of bridging that could be deployed very very quickly China has similar capabilities but it's very likely China's engineering currently is focused on conducting an amphibious attack on Taiwan China is heavily dependent on its rail network to move armored vehicles around this is typical of most countries moving an armored vehicle down a cement Road will severely damage its tracks over time it's much more efficient to move armored vehicles on a train so here we can see air defense guns this is a type 59 100 millimeter air defense gun of which there are 7 000. it's today generally not a very useful system most aircraft will fire their Ordnance at ranges Way Beyond what these cannons can Target helicopters uh uh are the likely Target of these but these don't have the mobility in order to deploy where helicopters are going to show up nor are they useful for shooting down whose missiles or the ordinance that's coming close by so these are just generally not very useful systems here's a 25 millimeter air defense self-propelled system of which China's got 270. uh here you got a radar with four guns here's a type zero seven thirty five millimeter air defense system which times that 120. here's the type 88 37 millimeter air defense system which China's got six is basically a copy of the Russian system and is uh should be phased out this is the type 80 57 millimeter on a tank chassis which China no longer has any this is the SK 331 Russian tour 1 or the Soviet sa-15 system which China got from Russia China operates 24 of these this is the hq60 Sam system of which China's got 30. this is the hq7a which is a cop a Chinese copy of the French Courthouse system of which China's got about 200 in operation this is the hq-16a Sam system of which China's got about 200. this is the hq17 Sam system of which China's got about 20 . these are some of the rockets that China's had used in the past the hq2 hq-9 5v5i r the 48n6e and the hq-12 this is the z9 light helicopter of which China's got about 20 total this is the wz attack helicopter now China used to have a very small number and now they put a major effort into building a helicopter so they would have at least a number comparable to what the Russians or the NATO countries have combat helicopters are a useful addition to the armored infantry artillery Triad because they had flexibility they allow you to move into a location very quickly and move put down a lot of anti-tank rockets and to cover flanks and to do reconnaissance and to designate uh targets for a copperhead artillery rounds that can then come in and Destroy tanks these are the wz-19 light Attack Helicopters which China's got 120 and they're building these up reasonably quickly with about uh 20 uh aircraft manufactured per year this is the blue sword lj7 helicopter anti-tank guided missile with a 2 000 meter range used to destroy armored vehicles China's got 19 Blackhawks they've got 900 other assorted helicopters in the different uh branches I didn't elaborate on all of these most of these are utility or transport helicopters of a variety casualty evacuation scouting and a whole bunch of Transport helicopters so drones this is the ch4b unmanned aerial vehicle in which China's got four it's the bzkoo005 UAV we don't know how many of these there are the B zk006 on mandarial vehicle vzk007 unmanned aerial vehicle I'm thinking this is a concept system the bzk008 unmanned aerial vehicle this is the loitering munition the harpy which comes from Israel when Israel sold it to China there's a bit of an issue with the U.S government over the sale which the US government thought Israel should not have done this is the Hang do stealth unmanned aerial vehicle it's unknown if China's built more than this model China's got about 2 000 assorted training aircraft this is the l-15 which China no longer operates there's a variety of different systems they could be used in combat but they're really meant for training they don't have the range they certainly don't have the payload or the sensor Suite or the communication Suite they're not stealthy they're essentially meant to train people but countries in the developing World very often will use these countries in combat because of a shortage of funds so China's aircraft we see a large number of aircraft being retired of the older variety China used to have the largest Air Force in the world at one point even larger than the United States with 4 000 um aircraft uh almost none of which had radar and can only operate in the daytime and in good weather that air force is virtually gone these aircraft here are the last types of those aircraft the Chengdu j7s they have a sufficient radius to fly to and around Taiwan and it's about 340 of these and that's you know that's a huge drop from the large number of these aircraft that were exported the uh xion jh7 uh fighter ground attack 1700 kilometer radius there's about 260 of these this is the Shenyang j8 there's a thousand kilometer uh radius these are again a very old uh aircraft that are down to 74 that are clearly being phased out the Q5 Fan Tan fighter ground attack was originally thought to be a nuclear bomber uh no longer are they in operation this is the j-10 fighter it's originally thought to be the Lavi aircraft that Israel was developing when the Americans cut funding Israel then sold the technology to China and again it was another security Scandal between the U.S and Israel's attempt to sell to the Chinese market this also affected the Israeli attempt to sell Airborne early warning to aircraft to China which the U.S had Israel redirect towards India so there are about 548 of these Israeli designed uh or Israeli design inspired aircraft in China they're essentially inexpensive light combat aircraft Sukhoi 27 China bought a number of these aircraft from uh Russia and reverse engineered them to produce their own aircraft China however has been phasing these out and they've only got 32 of these left these are the j11 which are the Chinese versions of the Sukhoi 27 and China operates 297 of these which is about what they've been operating uh the last 15 years this is the Sukhoi 30 of which again China bought 97 of them from Russia and then they supplemented it with their own designs this is the j16 uh which they have 170 which is uh based on the Soviet koi 30 design again the Russians to some extent regret selling new technology to China because China reverse engineer and then built their own this is the Sukhoi 35 of which uh China's got 24 and these are very very large aircraft if you compare them to a MiG-29 they're much larger this is the Chengdu j-20 um which is China's main stealth aircraft these aircraft really have a single purpose which is to attack the Airborne early warning aircraft and the tanker aircraft used by China's adversaries which is basically uh the US these aircraft have limited stealth capability but from the front they're fairly stealthy and so they have you know one purpose which is to move in very very quickly to take out the command and control aircraft and then the other aircraft are not going to be able to function as well uh this is a j-31 stealth stealth aircraft there are three prototypes although it's currently not known if there are any China has a large variety of these H6 bombers these are essentially Tuple F-16 Badgers from the 1950s which China has continuously upgraded and it's thought that China is working on a stealth uh Wing bomber like the B2 bomber but it's it's currently not yet deployed so there's 221 of these H6 bombers which serve a variety of different uh bomber functions both in support of the Navy and nuclear bombers and in support of attacks on ground targets where they would launch cruise missiles here you can see a lineup of vh6 bombers here's an h6u tanker of which China's got about 10. this is the KJ 2000 a wax of which China's got four China's had about four of these so again for the last uh 10 years these provide Airborne early warning they help coordinate the missions of Chinese aircraft these are important if China's operating significantly distance from its own Shore because within China itself it has it has its own radar system so it can do uh interceptions coordinated from the ground here's the gate KJ 2000 uh it can detect up to 60 targets at the same time and it can detect low targets targets flying uh you know perhaps 300 feet off the ground at a range of 470 kilometers and higher targets at 600 kilometers this is where most of the kj200s are based in uh woozy Air Force Base in zajiang this is the kj200 a wax which China's got four this is the zdk03a wax which were exported to Pakistan from China to to counterbalance the Israeli export of the Falcon to India these are very important aircraft because without these aircraft are essentially flying around using the radar in their nose and those Radars are far weaker than these Radars which allow um the the aircraft that are flying to be rationally distributed and to maximize their use so you can direct them efficiently towards what they're supposed to be intercepting this is the jf-17 it's an export aircraft from China to Pakistan and Pakistan purchased 150 of these uh China has a large number of electronic intelligence and surveillance and reconnaissance aircraft this is just a variety of an example of one China's got four of the Tuple f-154m D electronic intelligence aircraft China makes use of a large number of transports uh the largest group of transports that China has that brought bought from abroad is the Aleutian 76 very very common Soviet model that's used all across the world China's got about 20 of these heavy Transport Aircraft these could be used for transport as well as dropping paratroops China's got an equivalent of the American Boeing uh uh 17 it's the y-20 heavy transport 31 of these uh there were requests to have up to 100 and something of these which would um essentially allow China to have a force as big as the U.S and would enable China to fly airborne troops across the planet in much the same way as the U.S would with the the 82nd Airborne so coastal defense this is the cj10 gun High 10 anti-ship cruise missile it's got a range of 1 600 kilometers and a speed of Mach 2.5 it's a very old system uh the the Soviets operated a similar system in the 1950s off of their coast and so uh the the threat of coastal systems to Blue Navy's has been constant um in terms of missile threats from the 1950s there's nothing uh particularly new there this is the cj10 anti-ship cruise missile on a tractor erector launcher so you can sort of drive up and down the coast with these things you do have to recall that the argentinians fired a shore-based exoset missile that hit the logistical Landing ship Gala had and killed a number of uh British soldiers that were conducting a landing so Coastal missiles are useful this is a cj10 anti-ship cruise missile launch it's range of 1 600 kilometers so this is the Hainan anti-submarine Warfare craft China's still got 30 of these they're virtually useless they have an active sonar and they can drop depth charges uh they're they're essentially just Patrol aircraft it is amazing that they're still operating it's likely they're being used for uh just general patrolling this is the high Ching anti-submarine Warfare uh ship there's 18 of these um these are more sophisticated and their ability to track submarines this is the wochi mine counter measures vessel China's got a lot of ports they're vulnerable to being mined aerially or by submarines in a conflict with a western power and so they need to be able to clear the mines in order to get their ships to move in and out of Harbor this is the woolay mine layer of which China's got one so they could lay mines um why they would do that is not entirely clear they might if they were to capture Taiwan they could then lay mines in the locations where they would expect the U.S to be able to conduct a landing this is the Huang fan fast attack craft it's got four hy2 anti-ship missiles with a range of 104 kilometers these are no longer in use they're like the Osa um on anuchika class uh Soviet era uh boats they're basically uh old style they're not seaworthy so you can't really keep them in the wall out in the Blue Waters for long they're basically meant for Coastal and if the weather's really bad they come in and their radar Suites are very poor and they have virtually no air defense this is the hujian fast attack craft it's got six yj8 anti-ship missiles range of 45 kilometers again it's a coastal uh Patrol craft it China's got six of these China's got 18 Fusion fast attack craft with four yj1 45 kilometer range anti-ship missiles China's got 60 of the Hubei fast attack craft they're armed with eight yj-83 anti-ship missiles with a range of 270 kilometers but again it's heavily dependent on is there a Target at that range and are they able to detect a Target out that far and it's very unlikely with their radar Suite they're able to do that they would need assistance from aircraft or other means of remote detection this is the Jang Dao Corvette of which China has built a lot recently uh they've they've built dozens uh almost every year they're up to 72 now uh each of them carries four yj-83 anti-ship missiles to a range of 270 kilometers and so this is the uh basically equivalent of a light frigate meant to patrol the shores it can go into the uh deep into the into the ocean it's seaworthy and it's got a more sophisticated sensor Suite this is the y8j naval uh Airborne early warning uh and command aircraft it uses a radar and it snows it's able to detect aircraft and and ships and is able to provide coordination China's Navy's got four of these this is the Y 8w Naval a-wax China's got six of these again uh the radar is on the top and it provides coordination for the different Services over great distances this is very important to detect enemy ships because satellites can be spoofed they can be blocked by weather and clouds Maritime aircraft can be shot down this thing if it flies very very high it's got good coverage with its radar and can see quite far and you can identify ships from far away this is the kq200 maritime uh reconnaissance anti-submarine Warfare aircraft you can see the long tail at the back that's the magnetic anomaly detector it can detect metal immediately beneath the aircraft so it overflies a submarine at a depth of two or three hundred meters the ship's metal will distort the magnetic field and this aircraft will pick it up and immediately begin procedures to prosecute that ship China's big weakness vis-a-vis the US is its anti-submarine Warfare technology China's concerned that if it goes into the into the Pacific Ocean U.S submarines will be able to sink the Chinese aircraft carriers and China will not be able to stop the American submarines and so that's the main weakness in China's military that they're trying to address in this aircraft was developed in in just the last six years and built to a number of 20. The kj-200 Moth Airborne early warning aircraft of which there are six here's the KJ 500 Airborne early warning aircraft of which there are 14 so all of these are in service of the Navy so you can see the Navy's putting a lot of priority in being aware about the local surroundings this is probably going to be supplemented with long range drones but you know the problem with uh drones is enough to be able to carry a radar of the size that you see on this aircraft so they're basically going to have much shorter reach and uh they're likely therefore to be intercepted again this is the h6du tanker uh there are 10 in the Air Force there are five in the Navy so one thing that China does has a great shortage of and this has been a problem going on since the 1990s so the last quarter centuries the China does not have a lot of tankers which means its aircraft cannot reach very far beyond China's Shore and this is a problem because if the U.S is aircraft firing very standoff missiles China is just not going to be able to get out there to jump the American aircraft before they drop their payload this is a ground effects vehicle which is a physical phenomenon of aircraft flying very very close to the water it can fly at very high speeds and because it's flying so low it's very difficult to detect with radar because the the electromagnetic interference caused by the water essentially hides the aircraft it can't go at the speed of an aircraft but it can go a lot faster than a normal boat and the wingspan can be much shorter this is a Soviet ka31 Airborne early warning helicopter which China was working with early on before they had aircraft carriers and the capability to have Airborne early warning aircraft on those aircraft carriers China's currently gotten nine of these this is the k28 Helix anti-submarine Warfare helicopter again from the Soviet era which China's been using uh and it's obviously China is very concerned about the U.S submarine force and they've currently got 14. this is a concept of a v22 Osprey clone prototype which China's been working on and it probably has one working somewhere the V2 v22 Osprey has been up for quite some time so this is a naval torpedo it's the Chinese copy of the Mark 46 on the mark 50 which is a standard NATO American anti-submarine torpedo 324 millimeters so this is the Jiang Kai frigate which fires the yj-83 anti-ship missile to a range of 270 kilometers China's currently got 32 of these and they've been building a lot of these these are very useful for escort missions of convoys anti-submarine Warfare some air defense and anti-ship capability so these are the the Workhorse ships they're the shifts are the most common in the Chinese Fleet and China has been building a handful every single year so this is probably uh the ship that's been the most built this is a Jiang way FFG it has eight YJ 83 270 kilometer range anti-ship missiles China's got eight jiangu uh FFG China's got five of these they fired the sy1a anti-ship missile with a range of 50 kilometers these are old chips and they're being phased out this is the Luda frigate it's no longer in service but it was five years ago this is the lujai uh Destroyer it has a yj82 anti-ship missile with a range of 130 kilometers China built one so it was probably a concept ship and they didn't build any others this is a luhu destroyer it has 16 yj83 anti-ship missiles to a range of 270 kilometers this is the luyang Destroyer it has 16 yj83 anti-ship missiles to a range of 270 kilometers range China's got two of these this is the Lu Yang 2 Destroyer it's got eight yj-83 anti-ship missiles and it's got a range of 270 kilometers China's got six of these now this is the luyang 3 Destroyer this is the second most built ship in the last 10 years in the Chinese Navy it's got eight YJ 18a anti-ship missiles to a range of 270 kilometers this is meant to contribute as an escort to the Chinese aircraft carriers and the Chinese Cruisers as well as providing protection to an amphibious Force so it's a good all-round modern technology Destroyer this is the yj18 again which has been developed just in the last 10 years it's an anti-ship missile with a range of 540 kilometers can achieve a speed of Mach 3 terminally although when it's flying towards the target it's subsonic and has a 300 kilogram Warhead this is the lujo uh Destroyer it's got eight YJ 83 anti-ship missiles to a range at 270 kilometers China's got two of these this is the sy1a CSS N1 scrub brush anti-ship missile it's the old Soviet sticks it has a range of 50 kilometers and it flew at Mach 1. this was on the frigate I showed you earlier that is no longer in service this is the hy2 cssc 3D seersucker anti-ship Missile Range of 104 kilometers I saw one of these in Indonesia in the military museum at the back they had one just sitting around not on display and I managed to finagle my way and take a look at it this is the yj8 CSS N4 sardine anti-ship cruise missile with a range of 45 kilometers this is the yj-62 which is the c602 anti-ship cruise missile with a range of 400 kilometers this is the yj82c802h cicad anti-ship cruise missile with a range of 130 kilometers it's essentially a clone of the Harpoon missile which is the American and American Ally NATO standard for anti-ship missiles this is the yj-83c803 CSS N8 cicade anti-ship missile um you can see it lined up the range of 270 kilometers and speed of Mach 2. oh so we're getting here into the Soviet systems uh and the Russian systems that China bought this is the s-17 anti-ship 17 Krypton or era surface Krypton kh31a anti-ship Missile Range of 55 kilometers and Mach 3. this is the p270 musket ssn2 sunburn anti-ship missile with a range of 130 kilometers and a speed of Mach 3. this is fired off of the Hangzhou ships which are basically The Sovereign class ships that Russia sold to China this is a 3m-82 musket sunburn modified antigen missile with a range of 240 kilometers this is a 3M 54 Club anti-ship missile SSN 27 it's got a range of 300 kilometers and a Mach 2.5 it's launched from the kilo submarines that China has which they purchased from uh the Soviet Union in Russia these submarines are very very quiet diesel electric submarines this is the food um there are two of these uh China's got 205 logistic ships of comparable size you can imagine having to keep a fleet supplied at Sea requires a lot of utility vessels some for Logistics firefighting for reloading of of missiles a complicated variety of medical ships and these are not going to be listed this is a axi replenishment between a supply ship and a Chinese surface vessel here we've got the Hangzhou destroyers they carry the eight musket anti-ship missiles to range of 130 kilometers and the other one carries the uh range to 240 kilometers China's got two of each these are basically the sovere many class uh destroyers from the old Soviet Fleet these used to be the most powerful ships in China's Arsenal until they came out with their new Cruisers which are more modern and have a lot larger vertical launch systems foreign so this is the new uh Cruiser it's the equivalent of the of the U.S Ticonderoga with its Aegis system it's an 11 000 ton ship China doesn't classify it as a cruiser but the U.S does to type 055 Run High and it has a yj-18a missile uh what's important is it's launching it from a vertical launch system where you've got multiple rockets that are targeted vertically and you can load it with different kinds of systems depending on the Tactical situation and so this is a modern configuration it's the most modern warship surface combat ship that China has and they currently have three of these these would be used to provide air defense missiles to protect the aircraft carriers and the amphibious ships when they're conducting their Landing this is China's first aircraft carrier of the cv16 Liao ning it went to see in 2016. it started in 1985 as the uh in the Soviet Union as the Kiev class it's of 70 000 tons it carries 24 j-15 aircraft and 17 helicopters is China's first aircraft carrier and it was I think it started out as an aircraft carrier for training and then China decided to to rebuild it and make it operational these are the aircraft that operate off the deck of the aircraft carrier the j-15 flying shark carrier aircraft that are basically uh versions of the Sukhoi 27. the cd16 leoning is obviously important for the Chinese people and makes them feel proud of the technology and the power of their state the problem is that these aircraft carriers can only really operate if they're provided an escort which includes protection against Air Attack and submarines and it's not clear that China's able to do that in the in event of a Chinese attack on Taiwan it's very likely the aircraft carriers will be sent out sacrificed in order to buy Time by blocking American resupplies to Taiwan and it's very likely these aircraft carriers will not survive very long alternately China might want to keep a fleet in being by keeping them close to Shore and acting as a constant threat and keeping the U.S Fleet distracted China's second aircraft carrier was built in China it was deployed in 2019 it's a 70 000 ton copy of the Kiev class uh it has 32 j15 aircraft and 12 helicopters China China's third aircraft carrier the fujian cv18 was launched in 2022 it's an 80 000 ton aircraft carrier it's still undergoing uh trials it's got 40 aircraft including an Airborne early warning system so all of these ships are meant to contribute to an amphibious effort on Taiwan that's China's current strategic buildup Focus here you can see an amphibious reloading of a ship on a beach this is uh in particular the plz 722 millimeter self-propelled Howitzer amphibious tank so to enable an amphibious operation China's built very quickly and this is again all in the last five years eight type zero seven one usual lpds these are 25 000 ton amphibious craft each carrying a reinforced Battalion consisting of 800 troops 16 armored fighting vehicles and 28 helicopters nine of these together would be the equivalent of a division of soldiers although without the logistics grouping that's a fair bit of of Landing Force so this is a a large component of China's amphibious force that would attack Taiwan and you can see in the bay it carries 60 tanks and other armored vehicles that would be able to deploy if the seas are not too rough this is the back access that would be flooded in the event of an amphibious attack and then the vehicles in the back and then float out towards their Beach this is the terrain uh when it's not flooded inside the vehicle the rear garage the type-071 LPD also has an lcac which is a Hovercraft the type 726 alcac is seen here and it can carry vehicles and personnel here's the super lcac which is made in Ukraine which is much larger and can be used for amphibious Landings on a beach the beauty of these vehicles is their pressure per square foot is low enough that they can actually float over a mine field and so they don't actually have to land on the subsurface they can float on the water and then go up the beach foreign undergoing movement so the newest ship which is much larger than the early earlier LPD is the type 075 lhd it's 40 000 tons uh it carries 800 troops 60 armored fighting Vehicles as well as 28 helicopters so it looks like a little Miniature Aircraft Carrier so it's it's very similar to the equivalent class in the U.S Fleet where the Americans have got about 10 of these China's built there first so China's equipping itself with an equivalent Force as the U.S Navy's ability to land uh U.S Marines now there are a number of uh a wide variety of vehicles that are used to land vehicles on a beach that are a much smaller size here's the Yukon lft Landing ship tank it can carry 10 tanks or 200 troops and China's got four of these and you can see on the extreme left the nose opens on the beach and the vehicles can ride out on the nose this is a u-high landing ship and it can uh China's got about 10 of these this is the utang lightning ship tank it's it has uh the capacity for 10 tanks and 250 troops you can see at the back it can also accommodate helicopters here you can see the utting undergoing reloading of its Bay with armored vehicles yudeng LSM of which China's got one here's the Ube of which China has got 11. this is like a ferry type of system and there's an assorted collection of 255 landing craft that would operate alongside those lpds the lhds and the landing craft the llfms here you can see uh unan lcu's landing on a beach at China's got 56 of these vessels so into submarines China actually doesn't have that many submarines the Soviet Union at its height had over 300 submarines that they could flood into the Atlantic to interfere with commercial shipping China and the us both have about 60 submarines which is an equivalent force and this puts China at a weakness because although their Ally North Korea has a large number of submarines they tend to be small China has to also deal with Japan and Australia's a submarine Force so here you've got an old diesel systems you've got the Ming ssks China's got four still in operation and 10 were put into store so these are very likely used for uh uh training China's got 12 song uh diesel submarines they carry two yj8 anti-ship missiles to range of 45 kilometers so these things would get information on the location of a convoy and then would fire off these missiles from underwater here's 18 unssk China's built quite a few of these about the rate of of one a year over the last decade and they fire the club missile which is a Russian missile that has a range of 300 kilometers now these are Russian uh submarines design submarines they're very quiet and they fire uh two Club anti-ship missiles each to a range of 300 kilometers China's got 12 of these here you can see the kilo out of the water on board a utility ship uh China's got six nuclear submarines and these submarines are important because they have great range so they can go off into the mid-pacific assuming they're not detected and chased because they're not quite as quiet as U.S submarines foreign SSN which are currently in store these submarines were obviously very loud nuclear submarines and China built them as a test bed and they're being replaced China's standard torpedo is a 533 millimeter yu-6 it's the copy of the American Mark 48 and which is a very common torpedo of America and those countries that buy the similar system like the British so here's a sort of a reliability relative detectability over time you can see that the Chinese submarines are getting quieter over time uh significantly but they still have a you know a very long way to go this is a golf SSG which was a test bed for missile launches so China had this in its inventory until quite recently and now they no longer have it in use so China needed to put its missiles in the ocean because the missiles that were deployed in China were too easily destroyed by a first strike and so this was the first system it was never operational meaning it never did operational patrols and it would carry 12 missiles and it was eventually pulled out of action the Zia ballistic missile submarine uh China currently has six gin ballistic missile submarines uh England and France each have four of their own ballistic missile submarines so China is trying to get closer to the number that the Americans have although it probably won't go as far as how many the Russians have there are currently two additional under construction so we expect China would have about eight of these by about 2025. and they haven't yet been on patrol in the Pacific they're very loud China would very much like to take control of the southern part of the South China Sea where it's deep enough for these to deploy these cannot deploy off the coast of China because the waters there are two to three hundred meters deep which means these submarines would be visible from the air they need to go into deeper waters the problem is China's surrounded by the Kyushu Islands Taiwan and disputes in the South China Sea and so the submarines have nowhere to go it is possible that the Chinese could get access to the Sea of ox which is where the Russians currently keep their ballistic missile submarine into territorial Waters behind the curl islands in the Russian Far East so these China's looking strategically to for a place to put these submarines if these go into the Pacific they're lab enough that the Americans can follow them and they'd be passing by microphones on most of the islands that separate China from the Pacific you can see the Gin class at Sanya Naval Base on Hainan island north of the South China Sea this is just off the coast of Vietnam the jl1 was on the Zia uh ballistic missile submarine and you can see here the jl2 approximate size and it would have been deployed it is currently deployed on the Gin uh the Gin cannot uh uh fire cannot reach the United States from the South China Sea it has to apply farther in order to strike at the U.S this is the sea launch ballistic missile carrier it carries the missiles and is able to bring the missiles to the ballistic missile submarines wherever they are currently in high net this is the un-1 satellite tracking ship of which China has five China deploys these ships to observe the ballistic missile launches of other countries China used one of these ships which had become damaged in a collect Collision uh in order to test its anti-aircraft carrier missile system so this is the df-21d anti-ship ballistic missile a tractor erector launcher China has six missiles for one of these launchers and it fired one of these at that ship I just showed you and it struck it and sank it and this was a confirmation of the viability of using a ballistic missile Guided by satellites and sensors to destroy aircraft carriers this is the df-21d anti-ship ballistic missile uh China uh before it struck the ship built a scale cement model in the desert to test the df-21d and you can see that there's a successful strike at two different locations on the equivalent shape of an aircraft carrier so in 2011 the UN Wong 4 was hit by a df-21d this is the UN Wong 4 here so you can see how far out the 21d reaches it reaches all the way up past Indonesia there's a question as to how accurate it is it should be pointed out that aircraft carriers were never intended to operate off of the coast of a peer competitor aircraft carriers are meant for the deep ocean where in the absence of land-based aircraft they are supreme but land-based aircraft and and land bases are always much safer cheaper and stronger than an aircraft carrier so printing an aircraft carrier against even a simple air base on a coast is a misuse of its resources aircraft carriers are meant to win the wars at Sea only against a very small weak country can they be used directly against the coast of that country foreign so conventional missiles China's developed a lot of conventional missiles because it had less faith in its uh the ability of its Air Force to penetrate enemy air defenses and so I built a lot of these Rockets to strike at Taiwan and an american-based at Okinawa Guam Japanese uh bases on Kyushu and potential American bases in the Philippines so the df-16 intermediate range ballistic missile which is the Chinese ss11 has a range of 800 2 000 kilometers China's got a total of 36 of these so these would deploy from their bases and then fire their rockets at air bases at barracks and radar facilities within Taiwan this is the df-11 short range ballistic missile tractor erector launcher M9 the css7 it's got a range of 700 kilometers again conventional Warhead it could fire cluster munition so it has a lot of little bomblets it could come down on an airport and crack the uh the taxi way or the main Runway to delay aircraft leaving it could come in on an air base and its Warhead can track revetments where the aircraft are being kept in hardened shelters and destroy those here's the df-11 China's got 108 launchers and 600 missiles and all of these are deployed in provinces that are within range of Taiwan this is the df-11a Brigade of 24 launchers here again you can see an emergency basically occupation of the vehicles and their deployment this is a df-15 short range ballistic missile the M11 NATO css-6 solid fuel rocket it's got a range of 600 meters China's got 81 launchers and 350 missiles and these can be equipped with a nuclear warhead of uh basically half a Megaton which is a city Destroyer so these can be used to strike Targets on Guam in Kyushu basically off the coast of China in the event of a nuclear escalation here's a df-15 launch here's a df-15 short range ballistic missile Brigade here you can see some of the early missiles you can see the df-1 which is basically a Chinese V2 that the Russians provided China the SS2 there's the df2 the df3 the df4 then the df5 ultimately the css4 was the first ICBM aimed by China at the U.S paradoxically when China in the U.S were becoming allies in the late 1970s early 1980s China at that time operated the second artillery which was the military organization responsible for operating the ballistic missiles aimed at the Soviet Union and the U.S these are the different bases for missiles located in China China is undergoing a large construction of 300 silos not entirely clear what the logic is China's got as much Highway kilometers as the U.S but the Chinese may be concerned that against satellite surveillance China's Highway missile systems are not reliable China's uh ballistic missile submarines do not have a safe deployment area in the South China Sea and so the silo system might be seen as an alternative to provide some limited second strike China's bombers at the moment cannot reach the U.S although they're they're hoping the development of hypersonic missiles will be able to this is the df2 intermediate range ballistic missile a NATO classification css1 no longer in use this is the df3 irbm NATO css2 it's a liquid fuel rocket with a range of 2500 kilometers China sold these to Saudi Arabia primarily for money in the 1980s these are no longer in use with China this is the df4 range of 7 000 kilometers China's got 10 of these still in operation uh their target is Moscow and Guam they're liquid fuel which means they have to be fueled up before launched and that fueling is visible and it basically gives enough time for Russia or America to fire a nuclear weapon before these are launched so they're not a very efficient system they carry three Warheads so they're merged multiple independently targeted re-entry vehicles but they're launched from fixed sites not a very useful system although they're still kept around this is the df5 ICBM range of 12 000 kilometers the NATO css4 it carries six Warheads multiple independently targeted re-entry Vehicles each of four to five megatons it's not a very accurate missile which is why the WarHeads are so large it's obviously intended to strike the US and became operational in 1982 it takes two hours to fill this with the liquid fuel that it needs which makes it easy to destroy it's got a circular error probability of a thousand meters in other words fifty percent of the time it'll land within a thousand meters of the target the other fifty percent of the time it can land quite far away several kilometers even several hundreds of kilometers away when it misses it must be launched from a fixed site and there's 20 in total some say 18 not a lot so here we get into the solid fuel Rockets the advantage of a solid fuel is you press the button and the rocket launches five seconds later so it's much easier and faster to deploy this is the df31 mobile ICBM the NATO css-10 China's got eight of these and these can reach the US this is the df-31 missile solid fuel system 11 000 kilometer range with a mirv each Warhead is 50 kilotons and here you can see the df31 the top stage foreign aicbm NATO css10 mod 2 of which China's got 54. this is the df-31 the second stage of the rocket obviously undergoing some sort of testing here's the df-41 chss20 of which China's got 24. this is China's latest ICBM it's got a range of 13 000 kilometers it's meant to Target the US so you're looking at a mirv of 10 and each missile has 10 warheads and so that's a total of 240 targets with a circular error probability of 100 meters so it's a very accurate missile and it would obviously be targeting the top 240 cities and military bases in the US in a single strike and because they're mobile they would be dispersed at different sites hidden in Barns and various other Camelot camouflage facilities and they would drive out to a field and within a few minutes they would launch the rocket so these are the df-26 csch ss18 of which China's got 110. this is China's latest intermediate range ballistic missile it's got a range of 5 000 kilometers which means it's essentially intended to Target Guam and other Pacific Islands that the U.S Air Force and navy would use to supply Taiwan in the event of a conflict with China each of these carries 10 Warheads their mervs multiple independently targeted re-entry vehicles and again very accurate with a hundred uh circular error probably 100 meter circular air probability you can see a map of Guam in the lower right and you can see a picture of a B2 bomber escorted by f-15s on the bottom left this is the df-21a this is a chss5 NATO designation of which there are 80. it's China's latest medium-range ballistic missile it's got a range of 1770 kilometers it carries five to six Warheads with a circular error probability of between 10 meters to up to 700 meters depending on whether it's Guided by satellites and so this can strike Targets in Taiwan in Japan in Okinawa out as far as the Philippines so it's a versatile system again to deal with theater Targets in the event of a nuclear war here's the df-21 solid fuel rocket 500 kilotons there is an Asad version of this an anti-satellite version and an anti-ship ballistic missile version as well these are the df-17 medium range ballistic missiles the chss11 NATO designation they have a range of up to 2500 kilometers and a total of 36 of these specialized systems that are intended to launch a Hypersonic Glide vehicle that flies at a range of Mach 5 which is intended to circumvent uh U.S missile defense now the problem with hypersonic Vehicles is very difficult to turn them because of the inertia and while they might outrun a U.S interception system a much easier method is simply to detonate a high altitude a nuclear warhead and then all The Radars are no longer able to detect the missiles and then you can launch missiles with a fair amount of certainty that there's not going to be an interception so it's not entirely clear what the advantages of having a hydroponic missile it might be useful to overcome the defense of a ship and then then to hit the ship because the ship is expensive but delivering a nuclear weapon quickly is is not any different than delivering a nuclear weapon slowly because even a slow ballistic missile Warhead can come into the atmosphere at 10 times the speed of sound here's a cj10 ground launch cruise missile with a range of 1 500 kilometers and China's got 54 of these so these can be equipped with nuclear warheads and China can use them to fire it say Japan or South Korea here's the cj100 ground launch cruise missile 2 000 kilometer range and this particular version fires the Hypersonic Mach 4-5 missile this is China's fj1 anti-ballistic missile which was developed in the 1970s it's still not clear if this has any hope of working it's an early concept it looks like it's a rip-off of the American Spartan rocket so the uh the Chinese were examining the technical possibilities of intercepting incoming missiles which is something that's very very difficult to do these are the main launching sites of China's space program at Taiwan Shi Chang and ji Chuan China's first man in space was Yang leeway who went into space in 2003. here you can compare the number of satellite launches China currently has the second largest number of satellites in space after United States China surpassed the Soviet Union which used to be the number one state in terms of the number of satellites in the 1990s so it very quickly took a lead in launching a large number of satellites you can see the the red on the right side of the screen in terms of the country's the largest number of satellites U.S it looks like here the US is actually behind um uh China in the number of missile a number of satellites in orbit it's hard to say from this but uh in any case they're very very close so China's got a total of 161 satellites that are dual use including nine Communications 45 Baidu and GPS navigation satellites uh China used to have a 10 about 15 years ago so they've put their entire system up now there are 32 surveillance satellites and 67 signals intelligence in 2007 and 2014 China conducted an anti-satellite test there was a Target moving at 7.42 kilometers a second at an altitude of 850 kilometers and China successfully fired a rocket and intercepted it so they have proven hit to kill technology at 2012 China's shenzo 9 uh spaceship docked with Tian gong one space lab which was proof of concept that China could put a a a a basically an orbital space lab that would be in continuous operation China currently has the Tien gong-3 which is based on their experience with the two previous uh space Labs launched into space so the people's Liberation Army Doctrine was originally defensive with attrition and this is a view uh to how to win against a more technological power China did reasonably well against a more technologically advanced us with Naval and Air Supremacy during the Korean war from 1950 to 1953 but in the 1960s and 70s the Soviet Union emerged as a major threat to China and the Soviet Union deployed a third of its military in the Far East what the Soviet Union had a lot of was tactical nuclear weapons and so and a lot of nerve gas and so China's Doctrine was to maintain close contact with the Soviets and so they're less likely to use their use their tactical nuclear weapons and to fight them with the very large numbers of reserves the Chinese were ready to deploy and at the time the Chinese had trained about 120 million people to fight so they were essentially going to fight Uh Russian tanks with infantry and try to you know sustain guerrilla warfare the losses of course would have been horrendous the uh Soviet goal was to advance and occupy the Northern Plains out of Beijing although getting two Beijing would have been very difficult over the very rugged mountainous terrain between the Soviet border and the Russian Far East and and the Chinese capital so this Doctrine uh was to Simply impose a very high cost on an attacker from abroad China did conceive later of having limited Wars under high-tech conditions it saw how the U.S defeated Iraq in 1991 and became very aware of the need to adopt high technology and so the goal with technology is to paralyze the opponent it's not necessarily to fight them but to take away their will and to strike them at a range Beyond which they can't respond and so China focused on a number of modernization methods first it reduced the conscription to two years it reduced the Personnel in the Army dramatically China's military today is less than half of what it was at the end of the Cold War despite the fact that it has a larger population China's re-equipped the Armed Forces with a lot of communications technology and modern aircraft ships submarines and tanks and it's trying to develop an officer Corps and a non commissioned officer Corps that emphasize professionalism as much as political reliability so China's goal is primarily sea denial rather than see control it still doesn't have a Navy large enough to take on the U.S so China's got three aircraft carriers the U.S has got 10. so China's focus is really on Taiwan and the South China Sea and the coral Islands China does a lot of non-combat evacuation operations and anti-piracy operations patrols as far as the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea China's goal is to maintain Commerce but it doesn't have the ability to secure its c-line of communications Beyond its immediate littoral China for example could not operate in the Indian Ocean and oppose the Indian Fleet at the same time what China is developing is a String of Pearls littoral military bases across the oceans where it can deploy its fleets for a short time and which in the future if it does have a Navy large enough it'll be able to deploy there and then engage in gun boat diplomacy and basically assert its National interest it has bases in Djibouti uh uh it's tra and in in Pakistan at guadar it's got a small logistical facility in Singapore it it's likely to deploy a base in hembatuta in Sri Lanka it would like a base in Bangladesh so it's seeking to establish these bases outside of its territory China is working on an aircraft carrier but the aircraft have carrier in the foreign military bases are fairly provocative and are causing a reaction in the region so countries are building up opposite China so countries like Japan are looking at aircraft carriers light aircraft carriers as well China would like to project into the Indian Ocean simply because it obtains the majority of its energy from the Persian Gulf which is at some distance from Chinese ports