Shaping and Successive Approximations

• Shaping:
  • Reinforcing successive approximations until reaching a terminal behavior (target behavior).
  • Ex: Teaching the word "bubble" by reinforcing "buh", then "bub", finally "bubble".
• Example Scenarios:
  • A: John chopping onion in decreasing times shows successive approximations (goal: 10 seconds).
  • B: Starting a car involves task chaining, not approximations (Correct answer).
  • C & D: Sarah asking for a cookie and Greg improving exam scores show approximations.

Ethical Considerations in Behavioral Sessions

• Scenario: Client's grandparents handle sessions while parents vacation.
  • Must have qualified, adult stakeholders present (grandparents acceptable).
• Response Options:
  • A: Incorrect - Doesn't require a parent, just an adult stakeholder.
  • B: Incorrect - Unethical to question client's family decisions.
  • C: Correct - Attend session if grandparents (stakeholders) are present.
  • D: Incorrect - No dual relationship exists in this scenario.

Latency vs. Inter-Response Time (IRT)

• Latency: Time between SD (stimulus) and response.
• Inter-Response Time (IRT): Time between two responses.
• Differences:
  • A: Incorrect - Not the same.
  • B: Correct - Latency includes SD, IRT does not.
  • C & D: Incorrect - Misrepresent measurement types.

Forward Chaining in Task Analysis

• Chain Example: Open fridge, grab ingredients, toast bread, put ingredients on bread, slice sandwich, eat.
• Reinforcement in Forward Chain: After first step (open fridge).
• Options:
  • A: Incorrect - Reinforce after first step, not full chain.
  • B: Correct - Reinforce after opening fridge.
  • C & D: Incorrect - Forward chaining emphasizes first step.

Measurement for Non-Continuous Observation

• Scenario: Coach monitors batting practice.
• Options:
  • A: Frequency - Not suitable for non-continuous.
  • B: Timing duration - Not suitable.
  • C: Partial/whole intervals - Require observation.
  • D: Momentary time sampling - Suitable for non-continuous.

Communication Between RBTs and BCBAs

• Scenario: RBT questions extinction use in a treatment plan.
• Acceptability:
  • C: Correct - RBTs should communicate questions to BCBAs.
  • A, B, D: Incorrect - Misrepresent roles and communication norms.

Programming for Maintenance

• Scenario: Increase task-staying ability in clinic, then school.
• Goal: Programming for behavior maintenance.
• Options:
  • B: Correct - Maintenance through reinforcement in new context.
  • A, C, D: Incorrect - Do not align with scenario.

Calculating Rate in Behavioral Tracking

• Scenario: Five-hour session tracking high-fives.
• Rate Calculation: Frequency divided by total session time.
• Correct Method:
  • C: Correct - Frequency over 5 hours gives rate.
  • A, B, D: Incorrect - Misinterpret frequency and rate concepts.

Priority of Client Interest

• Key Principle: Always act in the best interest of the client.
• Choices: Client above stakeholders, supervisors, and self.

Preparations for Client Behavior

• Scenario: Client known for hair pulling and biting.
• Preparation: Check for a crisis emergency plan.
• Options:
  • B: Correct - Crisis plan is essential for safety.
  • A, C, D: Incorrect - Do not directly address safety concerns.

Conclusion

• Importance of ethical considerations, communication, and correct measurement and intervention strategies in behavioral analysis.
• Encouragement to study and understand concepts thoroughly.