Lecture on Parasites: Lice and Scabies

Lice (Pediculosis)

Characteristics:
- Blood-sucking parasites
- Produce excrement while feeding
- Lay eggs (nits) on skin and hair
Life Cycle:
- Nits hatch within 7-10 days into nymphs
- Nymphs mature to adults in 8-10 days
- Adults lay 5-6 nits per day
Symptoms:
- Itchy skin
- Presence of nits on hair shaft
- Red, non-inflammatory papules or wheals
- Irritation and excoriation from scratching

Characteristics:
- Mites that penetrate skin
- Lay eggs under the skin, causing allergic reactions
Common Areas Affected:
- Skin folds (e.g., wrists, between fingers)
Symptoms:
- Severe itching
- Redness and inflammation in affected areas

Ecto-parasiticidal agents:
- Used to eradicate lice and scabies
- Function by suffocating parasites
- Combs are used to remove nits from hair
Common Medications:
- Permethrin (Nyx):
  - Shampoo for lice (leave on for 8-14 hours)
  - Topical cream for scabies (same duration)
Indications:
- Correct identification of infestation
Precautions:
- Hypersensitivity or allergy to treatment drugs
Side Effects:
- Skin rash and irritation
- Cholinergic toxicity: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramping

Assess for:
- Therapeutic and side effects
Lifestyle Changes:
- Wash belongings in hot water
- Clean environment thoroughly
- Bag personal items to starve parasites
Medication Usage:
- Correct use according to instructions
- Follow-up treatment may be necessary
Family Treatment:
- Treat all family members to prevent reinfestation

Location:
- Found in nares and wounds
At-Risk Populations:
- Hospitalized patients
- Long-term care residents
Screening:
- Nasal swab sent for lab testing
Pharmacological Treatment:
- Mupirocin (Bactroban):
  - Ointment for nasal colonization treatment

If there are any questions or a need for clarification, please feel free to reach out.