hello learners in this video lesson you will learn about charging process but now take a look at this picture first why does hair stand up when touching a van de graaff generator why does your hair stand up when you rub a balloon on it have you ever experienced an electric shock when you touch a doorknob after walking across a carpet or wearing a sweater how does lightning happen today we will discover and find out together how and why these things happen we know that all matter consists of atoms and atoms consist of subatomic particles such as electron proton and neutron electron has negative charge proton has a positive charge while neutron is no charge or neutral remember a matter with equal amount of positive and negative charges is said to be a neutral or no charge at all in fundamental laws of magnetism attraction or repulsion of matters is caused by the motion of electric charges for example two magnets that are facing each other with opposite poles will attract each other therefore they will move towards each other two magnets that are facing each other with the same poles will repel therefore they will move away from each other this applies to electric charges charges attract and the same charges repel [Music] now how do we know if an object or matter becomes positively and negatively charged we will use electrostatic series this is a chart that helps to determine whether an object will become positively or negatively charged when it is rubbed with different material materials such as human hair rabbit fur acetate glass hair nylon wood and cut fur have a weak tendency to gain electrons they lose their electrons to give to another object where they made contact below are materials such as seal paper cotton wood amber rubber balloon vinyl pollister and ebonite have strongest tendency to gain electrons they gain electrons from another object for example the sweater and rubber balloon initially have neutral charges because their problems and electrons are in equal amount now that i'm rubbing the balloon on the surface of the sweater the balloon gains electrons and the sweater loses its electrons the sweater that loses the electrons becomes positively charged and the rubber balloon that gains electrons becomes negatively charged and as i release the rubber balloon it moves closer to the sweater this happened because the sweater and the rubber balloon have now oppositely charged that made them attracted to each other this charging process is commonly known as static electricity when there is an imbalance between negative and positive charges in objects [Music] there are three types of charging process in the sample that i showed you earlier when i rubbed the balloon against the sweater that process of charging is known as friction friction is the process in which a body gets charged when it is rubbed against other body for example the calm and hair have initial neutral charges but after combing your hair which shows rubbing the hair the comb gains electron so it becomes negative charge and the hair loses electrons and becomes positively charged the hair sticks or attracts to the calm because they are oppositely charged next is conduction conduction is the process in which a body gets charged when making contact with a charged object if the charged object is negatively charged electrons will move onto the neutral object if the charge object is positively charged electrons of the neutral object will move onto the positively charged object in this sample as negatively charged rod touched a neutral piece but electroscope some electrons from the rod moved onto the pith ball and that makes the pith ball negatively charged if two charge object touched electrons will move away from the object with more electrons until both objects have the same charge materials that allow electrons to flow freely are called conductors such as metals on the other hand materials that do not allow electrons to flow easily through them are called insulator such as rubber glass plastic oil diamond and dry wood and this is also the reason why electric wires have rubber coating to prevent electricity from flowing direct to our hands and to prevent electric shock and the third one is induction it is the process in which body gets charged by a charged object without contact it also creates temporary and opposite charge in that other object with no contact for example when i move this negatively charged pipe closer to the neutral charge ball the negative charge in the ball are moving away and makes the front size of the ball positively charged and like what i've said this can only happen temporarily because the negative charges did not transfer from on one object to another [Music] alright that's all for today see you in our next video lesson if you like this video please subscribe to our channel and hit that notification icon for more videos like this bye everyone and have a great day