Transcript for:
Coordination Chemistry Overview

I don't even remember inorganic chemistry It would have been. Just look at coordination compounds Take. Werner's Theory, Nomenclature, Isomerism, Valence Bond Theory, Crystal Field Theory. so many theories Yes, I do not understand it. same with you It happens? That won't happen after today's one shot. Hello everybody and welcome to the session. Welcome To the next toppers. My name is Tapur Umar. Your Chemistry Educator, Your Miss Exception and I have come to a new forest With a shot that is its own chapter Over Coordination Compounds. Brother this Total Seven Marks in Chapter Boards are asked. Ok? As many as it is I just took the names of the topics All five topics are very important. Predictors of Inorganic Chemistry Questions may arise. That is, the type I will tell you the questions of Practice the same type of questions Have to do it. Ok? and this chapter is very It is more important because friend You will get these questions in seven marks it gives you which if you understand then you can Any type of questions related to you can and these seven numbers in your boards You can bring it home. so let's get Started with the video now. First of all What are coordination compounds ma'am? So NaCl, CaO, AgNO3, AgCl, MgCl2 all of these? no no no no, No. All these that ma'am said are compounds No, these are ionic compounds. Some? There are covalent compounds. But What are coordination compounds? These This simple looking compound at first Not at all. these complexes There are. The formula they have is They are very scary. Correct Is? Like for example K4 Fe CN6 Isn't it? such as CO Cl3 NH36 In this manner. So these are the compounds yes, these are the complexes They look quite strange. i.e that these do not look like some simple complex Which we have read earlier. from the easiest of the easy Compounds are not visible. and that is the reason that we name coordination complexes Let us know them from. Coordination Names of compounds or complexes I know. Ok? So let’s understand this First of all. So complex compounds In which son, some mates, some bonds are associated Will be. Look no matter what I name the ionic bond I will take it. Even if I name the covalent bond i.e. ionic compounds and covalent Compound. ionic bonds in both A covalent bond appears to be formed. So if I If I am talking about coordination compound then in this There will be some coordination bond. This which Coordination bond occurs between whom? Does it happen in? What all happens here? You have to understand all this. Ok? So whatever you I have written complexes here Are you looking at them? So here you Some things are visible. such as the central There is a metal atom like iron. Isn't it? Ligands Like there's cyanide in here. Potassium which remains the counter ion. So These different elements combine to form some such things. There is a kind of complex between us Making a compound. Ok? If I If I talk about its definition then it is coordination Compounds are complex compounds whom we define that friend this is one It is a molecular compound. There is nothing different So molecular compounds. What will be in it a molecular compound that contains metal atoms Who will he connect with? kisi different-different From ions. These ions may be neutral, can be in the anionic form and some Also found in cationic form in cases Are. Ok? through coordinate bonds connect with each other. and Joe Coordination He compounds his identity retains the solid or In solution state. Ok? so basically These are our coordination compounds kinda like a complex compound It seems so. Now, we'll learn a little more about it I know. First of all this coordination The names you just said in the compound What is central metal atom, ligand etc. It happens? So a complex compound is called Write it down and understand every single thing in it. this which It is located on the outside, it contains this counter ion. This may also appear on the right side. Just remember this is outside a sphere Will always remain. Ok? Whether left side, Even the right side. that is, this anionic form It can also exist in the cationic form Too. counter ion. then the counter ion is most It must have felt so. You can call this spectator ion You know it from also. After that he comes in Iron. What is iron? Iron is the central metal Atom. You can call it central metal atom or central You know it by the name of metal ion. Next There's Legend in front of you. ligands and Why are the central metal atoms written inside? ma'am? Because the central metal atom and the ligand There is a bond between them. this which ligand isn't it its lone pair of donates electrons and therefore Is associated with the central metal atom. Ok? this is a sphere because it If it is written inside then you call it this Coordination Sphere. This is a complete one Coordination Sphere. and this is the number that came This is the coordination number. Ok? Now if I talk about Central Metal So what is in the central metal atom of the atom Used to be? ligand is donating electron to it Is. That means it is an electron acceptor. wear age if i talk about ligands so the ligand is donating electrons so the ligand What happened? became the electron donor. so this act as Lewis acids and Lewis bases Are. If I talk about coordination numbers So this is the value in which the What will the ligands be connected to? What is the central metal in the coordination sphere? With Atom. Ok? So coordination number of a metal ion complex can be defined As many legends as joined Will be directly with the central metal atom. We will talk more about it now About coordination number. Now come on We are in a topic that friend tell me this maam this we We are going to read the whole chapter Why are you studying? why we are studying Coordination compounds? Is it important? Actually yes. in a lot of things like that Coordination Compounds or Coordination Solutions seem to be something we already know It doesn't happen. like chlorophyll if I If I talk about chlorophyll, then the chlorophyll in chlorophyll which it is a coordination compound Of magnesium. it is a coordination Compound of magnesium. If I If I talk about hemoglobin, that too is a It is a coordination compound of iron. Coordination compounds of iron. If I If I talk about vitamin B12 then it Coordination compounds of cobalt. And A lot of coordination this way There are compounds. So that's why we have to Have to study. And not only this, it is very Sari Industries Textile Industries Solutions are also useful in etc. So that's why we study coordination Compounds. Well, at least I can believe it. Now Let's come to the first topic which is Werner's Theory. This would be Werner's theory what is it ma'am? Werner was a scientist. Very Everybody comes to the coordination compound Was trying to explain. brother as i said is this carbon tetrachloride or not Methane or NaCl, AgCl are not like this They were visible. There were complexes. so something so These will be different. So it takes a lot to explain to them All the theories were coming. but the one who first The successful theory was that of Alfred Werner which we know as Werner's Theory I know. He worked from 1866 to 1990 in the middle of 1919 about told. Ok? In the first attempt He described coordination bonding I tried to explain. Ok? Then He made a series. made a series Of complexes. That means that they Raised the coordination compound. which one did you pick Was? COCl3 NH36 He picked up this coordination compound. And at the same time he said that I By taking a solution of AgNO3 and silver nitrate I will come and get it reacted. And He prepared silver chloride from this. Some experiments according to the precipitate did. Gave some you can pastulets. You Is it from Cain? Gave pustules. then his Coordination Compound Explained What can happen; what can be done? So Werner's theory what have you done? he prepared a series of Complexes Combinations of Cobalt chloride and ammonia and a vernier Made a series. Ok? Now he Silver nitrate taken in cold storage with temperature and compounds of this series Got a reaction done. sum of the chloride ions could b) Precipitated AgCl-like but remains the same Same in the solution. what did they observe did that some AgCl some chlorine look There are three chlorine here so three AgCl are formed Needed But they watched different series Meaning they have built this complex four When applied in this way, say it in three ways The fourth one will remain the same. So the three There seemed to be something different about the complex Only this observation was seen. sometime two Chlorine is coming out, sometimes three, sometimes One. but is this sometimes one, sometimes two, sometimes three They don't know when it happened or how it happened Actually they found out something He made his observations according to some tables. I mean, for example, what did he do did CO Cl3 NH36 Now they have picked it up and arranged it did it in different way as they did before raised COCl3 6NH3 brother is COCL3 and in it If there is ammonia then dot it six times Off NH3 is installed. Second time pe five We set the time for NH3. means we use chlorine If you are not reducing the chlorine then it is equal They should come out only. We did not reduce chlorine Did. COCL3 4NH3 We have ammonia once Reduced it. And after doing this the precipitate that The silver chloride being produced is decreasing I am going. means in short if I say So if I reduce NH3 then our AgCl was coming out three times. but if When NH3 was reduced, two AgCl were formed. and NH3 The reduced one turned out to be AgCl. so why is that Could it have happened? So he has given some experiments here did. On making assumptions he said something First of all I made the formula. So look at the formula What's first? He said CONH36 3Cl because first it is called three times of Precipitates of AgCl2 were observed. then two times AgCl Precipitates of were seen. then one time both Precipitates of AgCl were seen one time in it. You didn't understand anything, right? Let's understand this in detail In. First of all, he did this The complex is raised to its formula note did. Now see how to note down formulas. he said when I took a picture from inside it NH3 was taken out. So suppose 6NH3 is first. I pulled one out. So this COCl2 is now I will put three, okay? I have taken NH3 I gave it a five. Let's go according to them He applied ammonia here five times. So He said it in fact when I saw This COCl3 on doing this I got an ammonia Reduced it. Here when the ammonia was equal So t turns out to be three times AgCl. Low Ammonia I did it. It should not make any difference to AgCl Was. AgCl should have been released three times. But This did not happen. What happened is that two times AgCl It came out. So he thought of something. He He asked, okay then how would the chlorine have reduced? Brother chlorine is here in negative form will be. Silver because in positive form Is. So by reducing ammonia it reduces the amount of chlorine How did the ion decrease? So they have a brain Applied. He might have said this Chlorine shouldn't have been applied here like this. It felt like this be in the form of Cl2 and one chlorine is its It might be installed outside. a chlorine was applied outside will be. In this way, he noted it Did. means if two chlorines are coming out If yes then two chlorine lamps would be installed outside. If two If chlorine is coming out then give two chlorine They will be installed outside and there will be only one inside There will be chlorine. That means this chlorine We are not able to separate it from ammonia. But We are separating this chlorine. Correct and in the same way if another ammonia I reduced it. I did four ammonia If I gave it, I would have kept two chlorine inside. Brother, I must have kept two chlorine inside one chlorine will be out and that is why when I did NH4 so here is Cl2 and outside is Cl Is. There is Cl outside and Cl2 inside. That means that There is a difference in what the ionizable ions are Is. So they have done something about removing the ammonia. I did not put any pressure on my mind. He Actually I explained the whole thing that this You should understand chlorine ions carefully From. It doesn't matter whether the ammonia is removed or not Not there. The difference is that which chlorine is present here It is installed in a manner. Chlorine is a is acting as a ligand. Look brother who what happens inside are those ligands and here The first thing that happens inside is the central Metal is an atom. Isn't it? So these are the ligands Changes are taking place in some ionizable ions. Sometimes two chlorine is out. Look when three If chlorine is out then AgCl is available three times I have it. Then I said if I get two times Meaning only two chlorines are left. The remaining chlorine is stored inside. And When I am getting one time AgCl I I would say that there are two chlorine A's inside and only one Chlorine Chlorine is out. that is, ionizable There is difference in ion. There is a difference. So this is this I am getting their ratio in the right way brother. 1:3 1:2, 1:1 whose ratio is it ma'am? These The solution conductivity is the ratio with the With respect to electrolyte. So this This way we are getting the full benefit of it The whole complex. Ok? so three times AgCl2 was found. Then I got it two times. then one time I met him and then stayed for a one time. If I had a forest Time has picked up this solution. Correct Is? So this was his observation. You Keep taking screenshots as I'm off to the side. Ok? Let's move on. so it means What did he say? He said this It's cobalt every time. Isn't it? Cobalt Easi It is installed in a manner. Just with the cobalt that Our ammonia and chlorine are used will change. Every time you look at six ammonia and There are three chlorines involved, right? Six Ammonia and three chlorine. The dash here there is a line, these shows are done indirectly Bond between the solid line and the solid line it happens they show it to you directly Bond with the ligand. Ok? So these He said something is happening in this manner. So when I picked up three moles of NAGCl when sorry when I picked up AgNO3 and at first sight all three chlorine which were the three chlorine which were will be ionizable. What would that be? Will be ionizable. that is, in ions might have converted and only then they Gave AgCl thrice. It could be in another When I added AgNO3 only two moles AgCl must have been found because there are only two chlorine Will be ionizable. Two Chlorine Ionizable and the third one will have a little bit of it The dark line might have appeared. And when I said One mole of AgNO3 was obtained. I have to 1 mole of AgNO3 AgCl2 was found. So what did I say? just one there will be only chlorine at that time which Will be ionizable. And in this way they Kept observation. Colours were also written here. Of complexes. Colours are also coming in different Were. If we arranged it this way So. so so if I look at chlorine I'm looking at the ammonia, I'm Whatever I see, I understand this Yes, according to Mr. Werner, there is something like this that when the l is outside, popping out. If it is inside then outside It is not coming out. What does it mean? This means, they concluded that There are two types of valency. He He said that there are two types of valency and this Consider another example. I said K4 FeCN6 Ok? When I saw this complex Werner ji tried to break us, He told me the theory and I thought okay Why don't I just break it down. When I broke it so do you know how? Did you break? four times of potassium positive plus fe Six four negative. one second ma'am one second Don’t break it any more. Brother iron and cyanide some Did you notice? Are iron and cyanide the same? Live together in the periodic table? Absolutely Not even ma'am. These are different complexes Yes, there are different groups, sorry. Isn't it? Iron is separate, carbon is separate, nitrogen It is different. Or let us consider cyanide as a Well, ma'am, there is only one cyanide. But this Iron would be separate from this, right? so it broke It will be in mam iron and cyanide iron. But This did not happen. a coordination compound I have this thing written inside the sphere with a central metal atom and ligands Showing a valency of its own. These The whole show a valency of its own have been. And on the basis of this, he He said that there are two valencies. total two Valencies are ma'am. there is one Primary valency. And the second is secondary valency. Primary valency is ionizable. Which means we can break it. As If these broke up amongst themselves then this is primary This was his valency. and secondary valency R Non ionizable. This cannot break. These They are connected with a very strong bond. Isn't it? So we don't know the secondary valency Would break it. So according to Werner's theory What were the main two pustules? That There are two types of valencies. there is one Brother, there is primary and secondary. It is primary ionizable. That means that we We can ionize it and break it. Isn't it? but the one which is secondary is non It is ionizable. you can't separate it Can. Metals pass to two types of leakages Or there are two types of valency in them. primary valency which is ionizable Is. And this can be satisfied through anions. It has been happening. Isn't it? through anion Primary valency is being satisfied. But the secondary valency is non- It is ionizable. And with whom is she satisfied? Is it happening? ligands that are neutral anionic It can happen in any state. Secondary Valency is equal to the coordination number And is fixed for the metal. Secondary Valency is equal to the coordination number Mostly it is fixed. always these Fixed condition for a particular compound will go. Ok? so these are the pustules of Werner's Theory. Ok? so just simple If I tell you that ma'am primary We will find out the valency and secondary valency How? So remember the primary valency It means whatever oxidation number is coming It happens in some compound. Isn't it? Isn't it? The central metal atom that you remove. And If I talk about secondary valency then You tell me the coordination number of that With help. It's about both of these things Have you heard it? Let me explain a little bit. See You all know how to calculate the oxidation number will be. You have studied redox reactions class 11th I must have read it. Isn't it? and in general you also You must have heard the word oxidation number many times. Correct Is? So if we know the oxidation number then That becomes his primary valency. End When I got the coordination number That becomes his secondary valency. And That complex would have broken down in this way Because of which that entire story was coming out. Correct Is? so three times chlorine so three times The precipitate of AgCl is twice as much then the Then once again. Ok? OK I know You will get a little bit of oxidation number and There might have been a problem with the coordination number. Now! We will understand that. ok what else did you say He? ions and groups that are bonded some of their own from secondary linkage There is a characteristic special arrangement. Is No? As they are found in square planar have been. some are tetrahedral, some are In octahedral. and in the same way Complexes keep us going through the chapter Have to understand. Corresponding to Different Coordination number. these are what you call Coordination Polyhedra. more than one brother There is a coordination number, on the basis of that it is shape in a way or say geometry or Showing special arrangement. Ok? Yes ma'am I will understand more now. At present Regarding coordination compounds like When this was explained to me, some scientist said Friend, tell me one thing. this is like double salt Is. Even double salt looks complex Is. Take potash alum for example. Potash Alum What happens? Kal SSO4 Whole Twice 12H2O. Now this is just like any simple compound, so it is a name Not at all. This is a complex compound It is like that. So he said no, if I If I compare these two then these two There is a difference in. Werner's Theory proved that brother in the beginning people said They were just like double [ __ ] double salt But it did not happen. lots of differences Got to see it. like the most main Differences Major Difference What was it? that if you break the coordination compound then it It never breaks completely. that is Breaking down into primary and secondary valency Are. and secondary valency so ion non It is ionizable. But when I If I break a double salt it will be complete It gets ionized. Like we are Potash Alam Let us take an example of: Potassium aluminum SO4 Twice dot 12H2O. Now if I break it So this is potassium SO42- Isn't it? and does it contain aluminium +3 No? And all the water required has arrived. Ok? So this will be a break. This is a break This is totally a complex It is written that this double salt ionizable It happens. Ionizable Ionizable. Ok? It breaks down completely. But I will keep the complex now Let me keep the coordination compound. put K4 FeCN6 If I give it then it will break into K positive four Times. and FeCN6 four negative. So FeCN6 We cannot break it further. So this is our These are coordination double salts It would have looked like a compound There are a little bit, but absolutely They are not like this either. Ok? So double Salts and complexes form by the Combination of two and more stable compounds In stochiometric ratios. So anyway a As if they are made together. however they differ In the fact that double salt is really double salt Which ones do you have to remember? There happens to be one Carbonite is a Mohr salt and Thirdly you have potash alum. many times Ask a one mark question on the board It is taken, okay? So this is some double of yours There is salt. dissociated into simple ions When dissolved in water. put in water If you give it, it will break into its normal ions. Where as if I was talking about complex ions If I do then the complex ion do not dissociate Into Iron and Cyanide. good every The complex does not contain iron and cyanide. But the one which contains iron cyanide contains iron The cyanides are not breaking down. and many more like this are complexes in which the central metal atom And the legend is not breaking down with you can. Ok? Now each one contains iron and cyanide If it is not there then do not keep on memorizing that iron and It's going to be cyanide every time. Ok? So in this way, this is their difference. Moving Forward Two Types of Complexes There are. one is homoelliptic one is is heteroelliptic. understandable from the name Used to be? Homo means bean. homo means it's beans. and hetero means Different. If the same ligands are used then Homoleptic. And if different legends appear So heteroelliptic. very cute little This is an example brother. K4FeCN6. Brother this You should keep the example in mind for a little while and If you read this and relate to it, then it will be very All the complexes about this are normal We can understand. Isn't it? and heteroleptic We just saw an example of this. CO2CO3 Hole six. So here we have different ligands are engaged. Different ligands are involved. That is why we This is called heteroleptic. end here There are six types of same lines installed. See. If the same ligand is used then we will call it this This is our heteroelliptic. oh sorry Homoleptic and where the difference is Heterolliptic. So never do you feel like this The complex is visible in which there is only one There are many types of ligands, all of them are the same. Like cobalt is NH36 right? So any such Take an example in which the same type of If ligands are attached then they are yours is a homoleptic complex and if If different types of ligands are used then they Our heteroelliptic complex becomes Is. Moving Forward is Next Now Oxidation number ma'am you were saying something. Please explain this to me. The oxidation number would be What is? find out the oxidation number first whose? Know this. We take this out of the central metal atom. The oxidation number is Whose do you take out? of the central metal atom. Ok? and ma'am what is this? If I If I remember ninth class then someone’s Oxidation number when in a redox reaction If you withdraw money then sum of whatever charges were there were in all the atoms present in the species is equal to the total charge in that species. Meaning, whatever number there is inside a complex Things are present, take charge of all them. Add it. and equate whatever is equal to these I should be in overall charge. again you are an example Understand it from this. K4SeCN6 If I talk about it here What is the charge on potassium? One of the Plus if it happens and potassium is applied four times then Into four. Plus speaking of iron, iron What is? there is a central metal atom and the central metal atom which is the same The oxidation number has to be found out. So this I assumed X. if I talk about cyanide Everyone knows the charge for cyanide pay-1 It happens. If cyanide is applied six times then 6 * - 1 of. Is there any charge in this whole species Is it felt? No ma'am, so overall zero. if the value Well, suppose anything could have been involved in this I suppose I wrote only FeCn 6 and I put four minus on it. Now Let me tell you about the oxidation state in this What would you do if you took it out? Consider iron as X. How much cyanide is there? minus one and six The bar is cyanide. Ok? Six times cyanide Is. Overall we keep the minus 4 here. So remember it this way. overall charge Let's keep it here. A lot of people remember this Let us assume that we have to put zero in the equals Always. Don't do this, it's wrong. Ok? this is wrong that if you enter zero every time in equals yes In maximum cases you will see zero You will get it but remember what that zero means There is nothing written about the overall charge in the species So if something is written on zero, then you will get that I'll have to write a charge if I get into this case If I see that x + 4 - 6 = 0 where x - 2 and x = + 2 i.e., in this complex, iron which It is found in the plus two form Is. Look at this case. 4x = 6 - 4 which means Iron +2 here also It is in the form. Ok? So this is what happens Oxidation number. In the same way you Do you find out the oxidation number? Ok? Any You can also remove the complex. One You can see more examples. Such as I read the cobalt one. COCl3 NH36, Isn't it? Now let me tell you, let's talk about this Find the oxidation number. So, whose first? Will you take it out? of the central metal atom. This is done using x Accept it. Ok? how much would chlorine cost Is? One of the minuses. How often is chlorine used? Three times ma'am chlorine. Right now you are very You will put this in the questions. Ok? so three times chlorine and there is a chlorine at -1 It happens. Ammonia is a neutral ligand Is. Ammonia has zero charge. Correct Is? There is no charge overall, it's zero. So From here the value of x -3 = 0 and x = +3. That means in this case cobalt is in +3 form It is being found. Ok? so in this way You find out the oxidation number. Number I Hope so you are good to go while taking screenshots. okay brother? As soon as you move a little side yes, take a screenshot. then don't comment Write You don't even move aside to take a screenshot yes. Take a screenshot. Ok? somebody's Nobody stopped you and you Why are you taking screenshots? yes no notes You people are required to pay tax. take note of all these to understand things better will come. well now ligands and dentin like Ma'am said one thing, this is neutral ligand Is. But ma'am how will we know? So we You will remember the table of ligands. Ok? So First understand the meaning of ligand and denticity. What is a ligand? Maam Joe Electron This is the donor to the central metal atom is donating electrons. So this is first It is liganded. So the anions, cations and The neutral molecule I told you about It can be neutral or positive It could be an anion also. Mostly You would only see neutrals and anions Are. Ok? which combined with central metal ion and will form a complex with the same We know it as ligand. Isn't it? So our ligands are are donating electrons. Central Metal To Atom, okay? Electron will give central To the metal atom. No loan payer donated to sorry sorry sorry number no no no there is no number Number of loan payers donated to mean I am explaining the meaning of dentition to everyone The lone pair of a ligand binds to the central metal atom If you give it to him, then it is his denticity what is dentistry ma'am back now you If you understand further, then it is monodentate bidentate Understand the meaning of Denticity how many number of lone pair ligand lone pair The central metal is donating electrons Only then can we call an atom a coordination compound The number of loans that are being made To whom is this ligand donating the pair? Central To the metal atom. That would be his dentition Is. Number of loan payers donated to Central Metal atom to form a coordinate bond so that the coordinate between them A bond should be formed. This is what you call it Denticity. so brother he can give a legend Is. Two pair of legged give three pair Can it be? So on that basis type of Legends will come. So when we do the classification So the first classification is how many Number of legend is giving his sorry. how many number of lone pair electron ligands Giving the central metal atom its basis Pay. So the first basis is monodentate lignans. Got the meaning of monodentate? A Lone Pair Whichever ligand it is, it is providing a lone pair Who will it happen to? To the central metal atom. so to him We are talking about monodentate ligands. again Dentistry is one because it is a lone pair Giving in monodentate. but this Positive means it does not mean that all these Don't remember whether it is -1 or +1. Monodentate Li Li Li Li Li Li Li Li Li Li Li Legend. There are three types. would have been one are positive monodentate, contain one Anionic i.e. negative monodentate and Some are neutral monodentate. Their Dentistry is same for all but the charge on these it is positive negative zero whatever it is and this chart can be used as a screenshot now Pause and take notes because this is too much It is important that you remember this by heart it is okay to do it because all the questions They are coming, whether you apply it with BBT Apply with CFT no matter which one you are Come into nomenclature, this is very important It would be okay so like monodented I mean ma'am told you what is here It must have happened, there must be a legend brother, who is he connected to it binds with the central metal atom through a single donor atom i.e. one loan donating pair of electrons and one A coordinate bond is being formed. Isn't it? These It can be neutral, it can be positive, It can be negative. like for example I am ticking it which is very important Is. NH3 amine these are neutral all of them Here the neutral leader has been posted Are. put our anionic ligand here and there your cationic ligands are Have installed it. Ok? So look carefully. Amine is a neutral ligand. Then H2O aqua, nitrosyl, NO phosphine, PH3. Ok? Ah PBH3 Triphenyl Phosphine And so on O2 dioxygen is okay? N2 Dye Nitrogen CH3OH is methyl alcohol. CH3NH2 is methyl amine. methyl amine Once a question was asked in the board Related to nomenclature. so methyl amine It happens. When CH3NH2 comes together. NH2CNH2 is urea. NH2NH2 Contains hydrazine. Ok? CH3OCH3 which That's your ether. It would be dimethyl ether. CO It contains carbonyl. CS is thiocarbonyl Is. Ok? All of these are neutral were the ligands. Moving Forward with Anionic Ligand. CN also known as negative cyano goes. F negative fluoro or fluorido. Cl negative chloro or chlorido it Chloridedo New Naming Joe Nomenclature A new form has arrived, it does not have chloro Chloride is written every time. Ok? NO2 Nitro NO3 Negative. Look, NO2 has a negative nitro group. NO3 negative It is nitrato. OH is negative hydroxo. O2- Oxide or which is called ogazo. S2- Sulfido or which is called sulpho. Ok? This is the way they are written. N- Nitrido so look at the night nitro guys There are three types of groups. either NO3- either NO2- either N3- every time the name is the same If it is different then remember this. and if it is NH2- then You will call it amido. Ok? NH2- imido NH2 has -1 amido and NH has -2 imido H- hydride and these two are your positive ligands There is nitronium and nitrosonium. Brother, please remember this by heart. Firstly Take a pause. take five minutes now to remember You should understand this well related to this When ma'am asks you questions. Ok? Moving Forward with Denticity Number Two. What is meant by bi dentate ligand? Meaning ma'am his dentition is two. Two loans donating pair of electrons Legend. so louis base which donates to loan pair of electrons to the central metal atom We call it Biidentity Lewis Base Understand the meaning of electron donor which is If you know him as Lewis Bess, he Lewis Bass wrote okay now we are also sometimes known as chelating ligand Know what is chelating ligand I mean, understand the meaning of chilating, I remember it like this I make the kids scream and we eat screaming Yes, there is gram flour or semolina in breakfast, right? So Cheela means what kind of circular is it It happens if it's made right, right? Mummy makes it only then not with us It can be done, right? So the cheela is like a ring It happens. So just a ring type structure that has it would look like a chelating ligand Is. Ok? chelating ligand ring-like The structure will be visible. Ok? so this Which are the bidentates? like most Important Ethylene Diamine E.N. These is a bidentate ligand. Remember its Denticity is two. But if I go to this If I talk about charge then actually it is neutral contains a ligand. Denticity is neutral There are two. Ok? Both are different things. Then Here comes AC AC. Acetylane acetonate ion. Ok? Then comes Finn and another one Oxalate. Oxalate is variant. these two Brother by heart you have to remember this again. the other two too but these two are very To be used commonly. e n is ethyn dye Amen. Let's show it with EN. ethane one 2 you will also say die in now you will further tell him and this It is C2O4 negative i.e. oxalate Ion. Oxalate ion. Ok? on this What is dentition? would be bidentate This is it. and the oxalate which is Charge is also two. Ok? so yes minus of two. Ok? So this is bidentate. Then come the Tridentates. you have already understood Those who have three dentitions. That means three loans. pair of electrons to the central metal atom Are being given. Three Loan Pairs Of donate electrons to the central metal atom Are being done. Ok? if ma'am from three If there are more, you can call them tetrahedral You will say, brother, accept that it is four. Isn't it? Four If he donates then he will become tetradentate. Is No? This is how dentition occurs. And If it is five or more than five then son you It is called pentadentate, hexadentate and so on They come under the category of polydentate. Give Are generally referred to as polydentate ligands. Ok? so more than three we are polydentate Let us keep it in the category of. one of three most It is important to die. You will get these You have to remember the structures and these are very important Remember it well. EDTA Ethylene, Diamine, tetra acetate. ethylene, diamine, Tetra acetate whose structure is also different from yours can be asked. And this is hello to you It was also explained in Harin. EDTA is No? So the structure of EDTA is written here It has happened. CH2CH2 both have one nitrogen Have to apply it. Then both of them combine to form CH3CO Have to apply it. CH3COO Have to apply it. Ok? you have to do this everywhere Is. So this is ethylene diamine EDTA sorry this is EDTA ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate A Variant Complex compounds which can be asked As it is I mean directly in number one can be asked. Ok? then try it too It is possible So this is the tryout. Ok? so if you remember the structure of one, If you look at the second one, if you look at the third one, you will It will seem a little common. Isn't it? such as dye The structure of Ino Trine is exactly the same. Bus Here the die has two CH2 CH CH2 CH2 and There are three here. Ok? So just that much There is a difference. Then comes your EDTA. So They are also variants. Ok? So bidentate, tridentate, polydentate, Monodentate We get it. Next comes We have an ambidentate ligand. What does ambidextrous mean? First Understand this. We saw the virus. which one is that Was that your movie? A three idiots. So There is a virus in it, which is used with both hands he who writes is called ambidextrous Person. People who work with two hands Maybe that is ambidextrous. Now Abidexus means ambidextrous Legendre. So how is the ligand associated with acid? ligands that can work with both hands Are. Ok? that is, their two donor sides it occurs. There is more than one donor side. There are two donor sides. Meaning for Example Ma'am, I have given you an example. Nitrito N and nitro. Now you can see NO2 Are you talking about nitro group? Isn't it? But to this You can use nitrite, sorry NO2, You are talking nitrite. now these nitrites Nitrito is found in the form of N and O Can be done. it could mean that one of these The group with N is N nitrogen the ligands that bind to the central metal atom is donating electrons. Ok? But so too It is possible that its oxygen donor side becomes donates electrons to the central metal atom. So it has two donor sides. such as HCN and It is NCS, right? thi thiocyanate and Isothiocyanate. There are two types of groups. If the one with n is the donor side then we call it I will call it isothiocyanate. Assume NCS In this, the n is given by the lone pair of electrons. is the central metal atom. So we We will say isothiocyanate. But if instead of that scn is made in NCS goes and starts donating s electrons. S donate electrons lone pair electrons Whom? The central metal atom is called Thais Saineto will say. So two donor sides To be is known as an ambivalent link. Moving Forward Next is we have coordination What is a number? If I coordinate If I talk about numbers, then it is the coordination number First understand the meaning. If I have K4 Fe CN6 If you look, you can find the coordination number in it what was it? Six. but again we do this thing cannot learn that the number which is written is the same is always a coordination number. Look at the majority This is true in most cases. but then You also have to understand what it means It happens. So the coordination number first means understand. ligands which donate lone pair electrons Used to be. Isn't it? If a loan payer is giving then one coordination number then two then three then Four is being made like this. So the coordination number What happens? Total number of coordinates Would bonds have been formed? Any total number Off coordinate bonds will occur between ma'am? Between the ligand and the central metal atom In. You call it coordination number. Ok? Coordination number is equal to the Total number of coordination bonds which the The ligand forms bonds with the central metal atom and Metal ions. Ok? So the coordination number of We understood the meaning ma'am. Understanding the Definition Went. What is the formula? jo main kaam Is coming. So the coordination number would be First of all, you are telling it as soon as you see it, right? K4, Fe CN6 is six its coordination Number. Isn't it? Then as if someone sees you Can you tell me? but as if I have Fe CN4 If I write it, four is the coordination number. Correct Is. But after seeing this here, let me tell you I have been doing this but will it happen every time? No. To you It has to be seen which ligand is applied and its What is dentiti? Why so? Because The formula for coordination number is Any number of monodentate ligands Which you call unidentified. then + 2 * Any number of bidentate ligands plus 3* Any number of tridentate ligands. Meaning If we are talking about K4 FeCN6 Coordination Number Its coordination number which comes, son Here comes the six. But as soon as I saw the six I told Had given. But why did this turn out to be true ma'am? This is because it is a monodentate ligand Is. It is a mono dentate ligand. and monodentate li li li li li li li li is legged so we would have done 6*1 which is six Only. Ok? But if I were to replace this Suppose any x y z is written as ethylene diamine Should I apply it? Ethylene diamine. Now, Ethylene If I write anything in Dymine, I will write four Should I give it? But I won’t say four directly. Can. I said ethylene diamine in two It is installed. Ok? Now I said that Tell me the coordination number. so what are you Will you go? No. There won't be two. 2 * 2 * whatever Its density is ethylene diamine bide It is a dentate ligature that is 2*2, Its coordination number will come out to be four. Ok? So, this is the way you look It will have to be Generally I will tell you that the VBT CFT questions come in it You can tell directly by looking. But still you as i said that brother you know What should be the reason? Ok? one shot It doesn't mean that we will blow it away, understand anything Of. You should not understand that by seeing I can't tell the answer myself. you got its meaning You should know exactly what you need I have to find out that coordination number. Ok? So I put a chart here. So that you get help, it was CN6. So Because it is monodentate, it becomes six Its coordination number. Isn't it? in place of that There is a two on NH3. Now its coordination What will the number be? Two. Why? Because NH3 is a monodentate ligand. Isn't it? And If you apply this two times then it will become 2 * 1. There is a five here. CO this is also a It is monodentate. So the five came. carbol is No? CO4 will be four because this is also one Monodentate. but the same I said NH3 NH3 Okay, look at this, this is also easy. Water and H2 NH3 brother what are both H2O and NH3? are monodentate ligands. So both of There is a three three placed ahead. So 3*1 + 3*1 Its coordination number is six. Isn't it? but when the ethylene diamine came down If three is applied then coordination number is three It should be but what is the answer, six. Why? Because ethylene diamine is a bidentate If it is a ligand then it must have been made 3 * 2. what happened in oxalate look oxalate one The bidentate was ligand. Six will come Coordination number. Isn't it? F2 Fluorine A What is fluorine? Monodentate Li Li Li Li Lee Lee Lee Lee Lee is Legrand. but with him Ethylene diamine is also used which is bidentate It happens. So ethyne is diamine two times. So 2*2 is 4 plus fluorine one so two Plus two overall it comes to six. Ok? And In the same way ammonia and chlorine are are engaged. Isn't it? it is monodentate Four. Plus there is chlorine two. So overall it comes Gone is the six. So this way you I understood the meaning of coordination number will be. I hope so. Coordination Number Did you understand oxidation numbers? Now on the basis of this But we will learn some nomenclature. The meaning of nomenclature is we are ninth, I have studied in 10th, 11th etc. Ninth You guys probably haven't read it. 10th, I have studied in 11th ma'am. Isn't it? So Naming of organic compounds which we do yes, we call it that, we call it that Ma'am Nomenclature. Isn't it? Yes ma'am. But The nomenclature will be different here. Coordination Compounds Normal Compounds It is not like it at all. So his brother The nomenclature will also be different. just the obvious thing Is. But how will the nomenclature happen? ma'am has Here are some rules in very short form I have written it down. These rules have to be swallowed and drunk Us. because if we look in the book Very big rules are written there. Big definitions are written. Only In simple words maam will tell you as it is Note this and you will get everything here The nomenclature will be understandable. Nomenclature There are some rules of . First rule. If yours is It is a coordination compound, so first look at that There will be two things in the compound, brother, one A positive ion is a negative ion. Now you Let's see who is positive and who is negative. Ok? So we have to find out anion and cation. How will you know ma'am? Friend, tell me one thing. Let me ask you who is positive in NaCl? It's simple ma'am. Na sodium. Why? Because Ma'am sodium has been applied first. we know Contains sodium plus. Ok, good. MgCl2 is magnesium positive. a after that then after that in calcium oxide Calcium is positive. means whatever in short If I conclude this then its meaning is Do you know what it is? The thing that came first It is positive. that is, it is cationic and whatever The thing added later is anionic. So if If I write it like this: Ke4 Ec6. Isn't it? So, I understood this much in this. Two The valency of the type is primary and secondary. So, it will break into K and break into FeCN6. The one which is felt first is positive, the one which is felt later is It seems that it is negative. But, if I were to Also let me write X, Y, Z as X, Y In such a coordination sphere, and here should I apply Cl? Brother, what is Cl? Maam, Cl then It is always negative. yes, that is the way Correct. But if I look at it this way, Cl is there later also. So it is always anionic will be. So, whatever comes later is yours It is a negative species, and whatever hits first Yes, that's a positive species, okay? So You have to remember this. ok now i say I am reading this: What is the name of NaCl? Sodium chloride did he ever get chloride sodium Did you say it? No ma'am obviously not. Why? Because the thing which is started first, its name is also given first It is written. So it is a simple thing brother you First you write the name of the positive person, then You follow him with a negative name. if the Coordination compound is ionic. If Coordination compound is ionic, if No, is there any such case? Now! I told you about FeCN6 4- case. did you find out the oxidation number Of iron. in this case, if you look at There is no cation in it. So you First we have to see whether it is ionic or not. Ok? If yes, then name the cation first It will be written. then after that you use an anion Do you write the name? First rule, I hope you like it You must have understood it. Now understand the second rule. As soon as you write your name, first write positive Name of the person. Then the name of the species inside. But just a second. There are two people sitting inside Mother. Central metal atom and ligands. So Whose name should I write first? So what's inside you There is a coordination sphere basically. In the coordination sphere we are always first Write the name of the ligand. Then Central Write the name of the metal atom. what is written? Always Firstly in the Coordination Sphere The ligands are retained. Firstly ligands R Retain. Ok? In alphabetically order. Now What does it mean? more than one brother Ligands are installed. So look at the alphabet. Suppose I just gave you an example In which NH3 was also written. Isn't it? and Cl It was also written. Isn't it? This one is an example This example now has two ligands If so, who should I write to first? to NH3 It is called amine. Isn't it? Just now you Saw it in the dentition chart. And Chlorine is called chlorido. Isn't it? When this chlorine is in the ligand form, If it looks like a ligand then chloride I say it. Ok? remember that the ligand The name was written on the basis. will take out the chlorine Then it will be called chloride only. Ok? Let us go ma'am. So whose name should be written first in this? Buddy amine comes first so first you can use amine Will you write the name? Ok? and six times the amine So hexa amine. Well, we're back to this too Will come. Ok? So first we will understand the meaning of Ligand I will write the name. in alphabetical order if one There are more ligands than. then after that we Write the name of the central metal atom. Now which has its own ligand such as chloride then it Chloride is not called. that chloride It is said. fluoride that fluoride said goes. Isn't it? So for example, if the ligand and if any ID word is there in it then Replace it with Ido. not id Would. He will become an Ido. And if in any It seems as if sulfate would ever become a ligand If it is then it is not called sulphate. For him Sulfato speaks. So the word at is changed to ato Replace it. Ok? then i guess second We would have understood. We are also aware of the questions I will understand. Don't worry. What is Forth Understand? If the same thing is present more than once. Suppose just now ma'am gave you an example. NH3 was written six times so should we just write it Will you write amine? So if NH3 is present five times Even if applied, it is amine. Even if you apply it four times Amines. Even if applied three times, it is still amine. As such do? not at all. If any one ligands used more than once Meaning, apply it twice, apply the same thing thrice league so you can use a prefix for it Do you. If he uses the word die twice you can use it. Use the word try three times you can use it. Use the tetra word four times you can use it. Use the hexa word six times you can use it. I mean the question I asked It had NH36 written on it so it was hexamine. That wasn't amine. it became hexamine Was. so if same ligand is present more than Once we use a prefix. Dye Tri Tetra. Die Tri-Tetra. Good. There is a very nice rule that he should keep in mind hear from. What does this rule say? One thing Tell. You are using ditetratetra but If there is a ligand that already has a dye If it is there then what kind of ligand is it mam it happens it happens listen you just heard it what is tha e n e n this is what happens Ethylene Diamine now has dye added to its name so what would you call this dye ethylene dye Amen if you feel like this then you You are absolutely wrong ma'am because diethylene what is diamine die die twice You will use it a little, put tetra in it brother EDTA Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate When you see such groups then you will die You will not use Tri Tetra. if these I have been charged twice, what will you do? If it appears twice, you will use it Twenty. If it has been applied three times then you will use it Wordris. If it took four times, then you will say Tetrakys or Tetrakys which you may call You can. Ok? If dye is already used It is already in the prefix. Ok? already It has been used. May also contain dye. TRAI any tetra also anything if already used in your ligand. come in the name itself He is doing it. So you two are for bis use will you do it. Then three for tris and four for Tetrakis for. Ok? So do you remember this If the name of the ligand itself contains the dye, Tri Tetra comes then Bis Tis Tris and Tetrais will be planted. If one of it If almost the same link is present. Let us go Brother, I understood this rule also. Now for the next rule come about. Next rule. Next What is Rule saying? As soon as you son Write the name of the ligand. Brother, first you Write down the name of the positive person. Correct? If If it was not positive then remove it. then after that We went inside the speakeasy which was our sphere. There are two things in the Sphere. Central Metal Place the atom first, then place the ligand. Ligands Look at what is it? name of the first ligand Write it down. If there is more than one ligand, then the same Like put bi tri tetra like this. Is No? Die tetra tetra sorry. Isn't it? And We understand that if there is more than one gender So first write it alphabetically. Ok? Whichever alphabet comes first. So all this We understood it. Now you can calculate the central metal atom. Do you write the name? Central metal atom has two rules He will just explain. There are so many things to list I understood. Listen to Central Metal Atom. as soon as You wrote ligand, you wrote central metal atom Write it and write its oxidation number Always in the form of Roman numbers. When even now you know that if you listen to me I did not read it before so I listened to you You must be wondering what is this, my head is spinning If I have it then drink some water son No worries, ma'am is explaining it to you You will understand, watch till the end, you will question it, right? Only then will you understand, you just have to listen like this Listen to it but make sure to take notes after listening, my friend Make sure to note it down, otherwise you'll lose your mind so okay let's take the central metal atom Now we will write the central metal atom And its oxidation number is also mentioned next to it which you have to write in Roman numerals Just like in iron you suppose you call iron as iron wrote If its oxidation number comes to two then it will be like this I will have to write 'too'. Forms of Roman Numerals I mention the oxidation number. Then Son, suppose the entire sphere was anionic. Brother we saw FeCN6 negative in K4 FeCN6 The species is complete. The entire sphere is negative. If the sphere is negative then the central metal Whatever name is written in the word atom We will have to put ATE before it. from back ma'am. If coordination sphere is ionic then We need to put an 'at' before the central metal atom. It will have to be Understand the example. I said I Said K4 F E C N Six. write its name Is. We will tell you right now. Ok? At the moment the name I do not want to write it. Right now I told you all You must have written down the name. first write its name will be. then wrote its name on the second number will be. Then write its name on the third number. You must have been. Isn't it? of the central metal atom. Here the central metal atom is ferrate. Ferrous It should be there but its name will be changed. At Word will be applied. Why? Because this is complete The sphere is a negative sphere. If our sphere is anionic so whatever is central metal is an atom so use the word at in it It will have to be Et which one? ate wala at. A T e wala et. Ok? Let's remove this as well I have been. Ok? Like iron is kept here The ferret was called. Ok? Good. Why did the ferret speak? Let's call it iron eight ma'am. No. No. Iron, look what you say. If he has a name you can say. Isn't it? Just like you call silver argentum yes. Isn't it? So these are its names no if there are such names then if that central metal If it is in Atom then you can call it by the same name Do you write? Ok? second form of naming You write it with. ok one little rule yes brother. There is one more small bus rule. Attention What do you want to hear from here? If Ortho If there is a suffix then you can name the anionic ligand Will you write? Isn't it? means if a ligand It is anionic, meaning it is written in it that if If any negative legend is used then O word Apply it. Isn't it? Like maam said many times You can also say chloro. the old form Chloro was used as per the calculation. So if any If it is a negative ligand then O is added to it and if there is a positive ligand then it has EM takes place. Nitrosonium EM word is applied if there is a positive ligand So. Well then? So these are some of your rules. I know you will find these rules difficult to hear You must have wondered, friend, what is this? How do? But if you follow these rules one by one Just note it down carefully. Write it down somewhere. I am telling you very well. These The shortest way is to write your rules. Now let us understand this through questions. Ok? Now we might have understood the rule Or you may not have come but how did it come into the question Will it take? So let's do a question. First of all I need to write its name. Ok? this is ours I have a question. A bracket is also attached to it. Ok? This is a completely positive sphere. this is it I understood. Why? because the positive one It is written first. The negative one later. Rule number one says. Now we write the name will start it. So the brother who comes first The name will come first. First there is the sphere, then two There are things. Central metal atom and ligand. Whose name will come first? of the ligand. Ok? So which ligand is that? Amines. The amine is the ligand. What is this? Silver. Silver. Ok? Silver. Applied silver. What is this? Chlorine. Isn't it? I wrote this first. Ok? What did I do first? To all First I just wrote its name. To all First I just wrote its name. Ok? Let us now understand the meaning of its nomenclature Are. How will the nomenclature be? If I use its If I look at the nomenclature then ma'am you are good one more thing in nomenclature all things Write it in small letters. Ok? all Always write things in small letters. These So always remember that. ok maam. Let's name I write. first of all maam name you legend what will you write How many times has the ligand been applied? Two There is a bar. There is dye applied, ma'am. twice Amin is posted. Ok? then after that If it were an anionic ligand, we would call it Known as argentate. But right now this Positive Legend Positive Central Metal Atom If yes then what will its name be? here we We will tell him that ma'am this is our silver Only. Silver. I wrote silver. Now whatever central metal atom is there, it Do not leave it empty. it always needs oxidation Write the number in brackets and Oxidation number should be written in Roman form. Ok? I will come to it now. back to place Leave it. then write chlorine ma'am chlorido Do not do chloride or sodium ligands If chlorine is added then it is called chloride Are. If it appears normal then it is chlorine. Correct Is? Now we have to find its oxidation number Is. Let's take it out. Oxidation of Silver I have to find out the number. Ma'am accepted this as x. What is an amine like? You may remember Neutral Monodentate. Neutral means that The charge is zero. How many times has it happened? twice. So the result has to be zero only. But still I will write it I have been. Ok? plus how much chlorine would there be Is? One of the minuses is chlorine. What Is there any charge on overall species? no ma'am Zero. So x - 1 = 0 from here the value of x Plus one will come. so here on silver A forest will be planted. So its name became dye Amine silver one chloride. Diamine Silver One Chloride. Make sure you know its Let's take a screenshot. Come on brother. What Did you take a screenshot of it? Screenshot did you take it? Let's move ahead. ok let's move Forward with the next question. Next What is the question? Potassium is applied, nic It is applied and chlorine is applied. Isn't it? so I Let me write this down: potassium, nickel and chlorine. Potassium is added, Niche is attached. And ma'am there is chlorine applied Is. But should we write it as it is? No, listen. Whose name was written first? Will you go? Ma'am, now whoever is injured first, he should be given the first I will write. So, potassium is involved. Dye Are you thinking of potassium? Die Try Tetras are written only at the time of ligands Yes and never again. Ok? So potassium. Our potassium arrived first. Ok? I wrote it ma'am. now inside the sphere If you go there you will see two things. Central Metal atom and ligand. Legendary first It will be written. How many times is the ligand? ma'am The total ligand is our four times. Tetra Chlorine Chloride Chlorideo Tetrachlorido. How do you know ma'am? Because this time he is in the form of a legend so chlorine will be nothing then chlorideo Will go. Without chlorine, those chlorides Will be done. then nikay but if you son If you write 'nick' then your number will be deducted. Why? Because it's nickel. It's nickel. why ma'am? because this time Our sphere is anionic. Anionic Sphere What was the rule at that time? Anionic Sphere The rule was that if the sphere is anionic So the word 'at' was added before the central metal atom. Two. and the central metal atom You always have to write the coordination number Is. Come on brother, let's take it out. of potassium Writing the Coordinates of Our Oxidation Number Does matter. Ok? Potassium has +1 Has twice the potassium. The extraction of nickel is X I agreed. Chlorine has -1 four times There is chlorine. No charge on overall species No, zero. So, X + 2 - 4 = 0 Value of X Of course from here X - 2 = 0 and X = + 2 Will go. then its name will be ours Potassium tetrachlorido nickelate. take the Screenshot. potassium tetrachloride Nickelette will be its name. Let's move ahead. Moving forward with the next question. FeF6-4 Now we have any positive negative There is no group. we only have one sphere Has been made. Isn't it? What will be your name brother? Look, I see iron in this. Isn't it? And this is what I see as fluorine. to whom actually i am not fluorine but fluoride I will write. Isn't it? why ma'am? Florido Fluoride is there but why fluoride? will you write maam? Friend, this ligand is made. Is No? We give you a little respect, right Legend? To. If we have a ligand, you get We will know this with a little respect I write. Isn't it? So we're respecting This. Let's come to the name. what is your name Will you go? Now there is nothing positive. So We will start from inside. But here at The name of the ligand is written before the sphere In. The ligand attached six times is hexa. Hexa Flow Righto. Ok? which is your central metal there is atom and ligand there is no bond between them They don’t even keep a space. Ok? So this happened hexafluoride. Then what is it? Iron. Now If there is a negative sphere then what will happen to it? Ferret. Ferret and there might be some charge coming in it. Let us go Let's take it out. I need to deduct the charge on iron x Accept it. plus fluorine minus one Is. Fluorine is applied six times. Overall Pay 4 charge of minus. So there is no zero here. We can keep it charged. Isn't it? So, x – 6 = -4 and x = what comes from here? + 2, right? + 6 - 4, okay? So, it will come to this Name. Ok? So, it got its name Hexafluorideophore. Take the screenshot. I Hope you would have understood it also. Moving Forward. What's next? Next is We must have this L attached here, brother. Ok? CrH2O4Cl2NO3 Meaning chromium was visible. Chromium appeared. Water Aqua was visible. Is No? Chlorine chloride was visible. NO3 Nitrate was visible. Ok? These are our words I saw it. Now let us write its name. To all First look at this negative sphere Sorry it's positive sphere this time. So Sphere In this we write the name of the ligand first. Now Look at us, there are three legends attached Are. Whose name should I write first? A comes first Is. It has been applied four times i.e. Tetra Aqua. Tetra Aqua. Aqua. Ok? Then what happens after that? Tetraecco. Then what happens after that? Chlora. Well there are two leagues. sorry two ligands Were. There were two ligands, not three. Isn't it? Now What have you planted? Chlorine has been applied. so how many Chlorine? Apply it twice. dichloride dichlorido then what is chromium If you do not write chromate weight then you will not write positive Isn't it a sphere or chromium? Chromium okay so what is it then what is chromium Brother, I will have to mention the charges as well There is an oxidation number and it is placed at the end I am writing nitrate down beside it there is no space nitrate is ok now their take out the charge take out the charge so if I If I talk about charge then what is chromium Let's say we have to assume x is aqua zero It is neutral. Chlorine Pe Minus Ka One is charged and there is twice the chlorine then Minus will become two. or write * minus Forest of. Ok? plus nitrate NO3 One charge of minus. nothing overall Zero. So X = plus three will come here From. Ok? So you have to write it here 1 2 3. Ok? So what is its name? Its name became our Tetra Aqua Dye Chlorido chromium three nitrate. again Take the screenshot of this too. Its Take a quick screenshot too. Let us go. Allright. Ok? So brother, we have done all this Got things figured out. Our nomenclature here Done. Now look, many times these etc. also come Can it be? such as ethylene diamine, Tetramine and so on and so on. So you that If you understand the methods you will understand. Assume that CO is NH3 No? NH3 is installed. then after that EN square It is installed. Something like this is written. then write the name Will you take it? What is this? Amines. Isn't it? What is this? Ethylene diamine. Diamine. Isn't it? Let me write its name too I will give it to you. Suppose you have this question. Ok? So what will it be named? First we Name of sphere having negative positive I will write. We have two types of this are ligands. Whose name will you write first? Whichever comes first means whose word comes first Is. This must have happened here four times. Ok? So this would be Tetra Amines. Tetra amine. then ethylene diamine twice It is installed. So dye ethylene diamine no ma'am. Base ethylene diamine. then the base and bracket ethylene in the Diamine. It is also written as ethane 1 2 diamine in many places remains. So write that too, it is the same thing. Ok? then cobalt its oxidation number and then after Chloride or chlorine. Ok? Chloride You can write chloride or chlorine. Ok? So this becomes its full name. here its We have to find out the oxidation number. I have a If you have taken a random question then it is true You should check the oxidation number. As In this case, how much should you invest here? I guess it will look like four or something. I exac I haven't seen it. If you according to this If you take it out then you will see that it will come on this is charge neutral. It happens on Amin Neutral charge. Isn't it? So these two are You became zero. Ok? so here i guess It must have been three. Yes. so when its charged If you take it out, you will get plus 3. Ok? Its charge might be coming. check it bro Take. 0 + 0 + x - 3 = 0 then x = + 3 Will go. So if the base trace tetra case looks like So don't be afraid. so an extra I have asked you questions so that you can understand this type of questions. Please understand the question also. Ok? so this is You might have understood the nomenclature. several times now What does he do? They would write down the name and While speaking you make questions. That means so far we I was asking you questions. We to you You were asking questions and we were asking you your name Were living. Now you do the reverse. giving names Are. Write this in formula form. Let's write it. tetra amine i.e. here NH3 has been passed four times. Ok? Always break it like I do I am explaining it so that you understand the question to do. Ok? Then there is aqua applied, that means H2O is used in this question. Then Chlorido is present, that means chlorine is present. Well, how do I know that all these will be legends? First They are written. whose oxidation number is written That is our central metal atom. This becomes the central metal atom. Which one? Cobalt. What is all this? All these ligands Have become. These are written earlier. Isn't it? any this So I am not saying ma'am there should be a counter ion as well Could have been. It seems a bit like tetra etc. in the counter ion. and what is written later Our counter ion is done. Ok? What is chloride and chloride Is? Cl. Ok? Let us go. now question this Let's make it. Meaning let's make a formula for it. So how will the formula be made? first of all now See, when we were writing the names, we used the ligand Write the name first. First in Butt Reality What will be written? Ma'am, counter ion. Counter ion is written later means it is sure It will be negative. So, what is written before is positive and positive means we have is a sphere and in the sphere first central Write metal atom. So cobalt arrived CO In the form of. then after that different Ligands. What all is there? NH3 is installed. Four times ma'am. Isn't it? Water has been applied once And ma'am Cl is on. Isn't it? these are ours There are groups. If there is more than one atom If there is a ligand, we will put it in brackets. I write. Ok? that'll be. Cl is done No? Chlorideau Yes. Then there's another one outside Ma'am chlorine. that'll be. But one thing Tell me there is one thing missing here. What Is it missing? How many times has this chlorine been applied? once, twice, thrice, four times, how many Is this chlorine applied? How to remove this? Maam you are still calculating the oxidation number Were. What do you want to remove now? To you Chlorine has to be removed, how many atoms are there? Yes. Because this time the oxidation number is given to you if it is there then it has to be taken out and this is the only There is something important which is different in this. Ok? If I talk about cobalt, Oxidation number +3 is given to us. Ok? If I talk about ammonia, it is zero. water What should I say, it is zero. The chlorine thing Karu minus is one. Ok? If I talk about chlorine, then minus means 1. Is. So how much will this cost overall? Two. How much Will he come? 3 - 1 which is equal to two. So This means that chlorine has been applied twice here. Is. There will be a charge here. what here Will be done? Its value will be two. this is it Its complete answer. What will be the complete answer? CO2 NH3 4 H2O Cl and Cl2 is present outside. this will be It's the final answer. So when this type of If you see a question, remember the formula If we have to make it then at that time we have to do central Not finding the oxidation number of the metal atom It happens. That is a given. Now you You have to see how many times the atom is in the counter ion His. Ok? So this is its answer. And Let's ask questions. This is as much as you I am mostly asking these questions Your questions Previous year questions Are. I mean, the one who appeared in the exam two-three years ago Have been asked. potassium tetra Hydroxo Zincate. Come on brother, break it first Let's take it. Potassium is visible. Tetra tetra hydroxo what is tetra Hydroxo? OH is four times. Zincate. Now Zinc means Zn and zincate, however its If it's an oxidation number, we know that it's The central metal atom is the negative sphere only then would the at word have been used, right? sphere will be negative so let's first take potassium It is written and then the name of the central metal atom the name is followed by OH four times this is Its name is gone but again ma'am there is something here So the value must have come, it must have come exactly, let's go Let's find out what the value will be. So you take it out then KZN OH four if I see K we need The value has to be found out. How often potassium will be? How will it come out? Oxidation of Zinc State plus has two. OH I talk about So -1 is the case where OH is placed four times, that means 1 * 4 of minus what will this be? Plus ka two minus ka 4 means this is overall two The time will come. ok it means two time Are you understanding? There is a charge of -2 on this whole Is. The valency of this whole thing is two and potassium Pay is +1. So potassium will be there two times. If you don't understand it, it goes out of your mind Hear Listen back. this is actually Potassium is +1. Isn't it? to two times of K It will be positive. So that means this is Zn OH 4 There will be an overall pay minus two charge. so this The value that you derive from it is The value is telling and on this basis But you are applying potassium. Ok? Let us go. Third question. Potassium means that Try Oxaleto. what is oxyleto Is? C2O4. And three times means whole threes. Aluminate means placed in negative sphere central metal atom Al okay let's write the name how should it be written first We will write potassium because it is written first Now, trioxalato is a ligand, right? and the aluminate is inside the sphere There is aluminum inside the sphere and C2O4 is applied four times, three times ok This has become my name but how many times We will have to check if there is potassium If I talk about aluminium The charge of aluminum is plus 3 right? plus oxalate has a -2 charge three times oxalate is minus 2 so +3 -6 how much will it be coming three means in short this -3 would be applied on this plus 1 * 3 so this will happen three times from here I started I have written the value, I am able to write the formula Let's ask one more question. Dye chlorido bis ethane 1 2 di amine cobalt Three cations is a very big name it is a dye Chloride means Cl is used twice. Bis ethane 1 2 diamine understand its meaning e n two There is a bar. ok now remember the vice versa things. If I write you this name and this If you want to make a formula then it means that I am eight I am raising questions about those nomenclatures You can also take a look at all eight of them. Ok? So is the square of EN. Then what is it? Cobalt Three cations. Cobalt has a charge of +3 And cation means the whole sphere is positive. Now in this we are given any counter ion Not there. That's ok. No problem. So First of all we are the first name in the sphere Let us write about the central metal atom. then his What did you feel after that? Cl2 is applied and EN2 is applied Is. Isn't it? You could have written it like this also. Yes correct Is? Cl2 EN2. This is installed. Ok? and some on the whole Positive charge must be coming. how positive Is it charged? Check it. Consider cobalt How much? Here's a plus of 3. 3 of the plus Chlorine has a minus one. twice There is chlorine. -1*2 ethylenediene neutral It is ligated. So what will 0 * 2 become? plus 3 minus 2 how much is the overall cost Used to be? 3 - 2 is 1 of this total +1 Charge is also there. the meaning of this whole positive charge or you can just write positive Will work. Even if you put only positive Will work. Ok? You can only +1 or Write a plus. Ok? because the cation is written So you had to charge something this time. So Here comes the answer. Tell me brother what is this Did we understand? Did you understand it? IUPAC Is the nomenclature cleared? have two homework Brother. Take a note. remember you are in class You have not come to clear anything. You have come to clear it. when this chapter is done Otherwise, please write it clearly at the end of the comment. In. You should know that it is not clear I have done it. I have cleared it. too much You must have understood the chapter well. Correct Is? Come on, get your homework written for these two. Its You have to come after writing your name. Moving Forward. Next we have isomerism. First Understand the meaning of isomer. compounds that have The molecular formula is the same, but their The structural formula is different. These We have studied in childhood classes. But you forget it like your childhood love So I did not go. I hope you would have remembered that. Ok? so if I'm talking about we have Isomer or isomerism from you. So this would have been What is? com compounds having the same Different on molecular formula Structural formula. We call this Isomer. and the phenomenon is known as Isomerism. Is that ok ma'am? We understand this Went. isomers but there are some differences here Are. Meaning, this one thing will also be followed But there are some isomers which Molecular formula is also the same. structural Their special formula is also same The arrangement is different. so on this basis But we have two types of isomers Are. First let us understand the meaning of isomers Let us go. Two and more coordination compounds. Now We are talking about coordination compounds Are. Ok? It is not organic. Beans The molecular formula would be ma'am their structure will be different Formula or special arrangement. It could be either of the two things because we get another type of isomers They are introduced here. and the The phenomenon is known as isomerism. anyway You have also studied this in 11th. you know Is. But it is the same thing about childhood love, isn't it? Like you forget the things of your childhood Of the year. It means that it is praiseworthy. Is No? Isn't it? means a The night passed and the matter was over. Likewise ma'am, I went to class Went. I don't remember anything. This happens to you. I know. Let us go. Did you understand the meaning of isomerism? Two There are types. Structural Isomerism Stereo isomerism. structural further There are four modes and stereo further There are two ways. Ok? structural There are four types of isomerism. Which ma'am? Ionization isomerism, Coordination isomerism, linkage isomerism and hydrate or what you call it You talk about solvate isomerism. on the other The hand which has stereo isomerism is Fardar is of two types. Geometrical Isomerism and optical isomerism. ma'am Back to What is Isomerism? Talking about coordination compounds, ma'am Coordination Compounds Having the Same Different on molecular formula Structural formula either then mam having same molecular formula same structural formula per different in their special If the arrangement is right then this happens isomerism phenomenon is known as There will be two types of structural isomerism isomerism structural isomerism stereo isomerism structural further There are four types of linkage isomerism Coordination Isomerism Coordination isomerism linkage isomerism good that ionization na ionization isomerism and hydrate or solvent will be applied in the last Isomerism. Further your stereo There is isomerism, which is also of two types Are. Geometrical and Optical. Geometrical and Optical. so this Isomerism is buffercation. take screenshot Take. Yes. Let us understand one by one. Now Look friend, there is a lot of structural isomerism It is just easier. it would have been much easier Is. As soon as you see it, ma'am will tell you As soon as you see it, you'll know which one it is There is isomerism. Ok? structurally so It is very easy. Ok? so ionization First understand the meaning of isomerism. Ionization Ionization means related to ion Exactly, just by looking at it you will understand how If there is any manipulation of the ions then we will Now we will call it ionisation isomerism. Do you understand the meaning of manipulation in ionizable The ions that were being formed will be different this time Let's explain it with the question Let me explain. just look at the question after that Reading Reading is an afterthought. a question This is written in front of you and this is written next. Whenever I get a question like this I understand Ionization isomerism. ma'am Not only this, not of this type. Ma'am we are not I will understand. Let's understand. Look, if I If I break it, son, then here the sulphate ion It will come out and the bromine will remain inside. Isn't it? Because the one outside the sphere breaks. But if I swap its position like this If I give you the one like this, the one with Akshay Kumar No, if I do a meme like this, then if sulphate is inside and took out the bromine so now Bromine will come out when broken. so it came like this What do you say like this? You call it an isomer ho ionization isomerism. Look at everything else It's beans. Cobalt is used, ammonia is used, Chlorine is used, bromine is used. Both one is cobalt, five are ammonia, one is One is sulfate, one is bromine. so molecular The formula is the same. but look at the structure Got separated. Once the sulfate is out. i.e that sulfate will be released as an ionizable ion and Bromine once in the ionizable ion It will come out. so this is ionizable or Ionization isomerism. what is it for ma'am? because there is difference in ions which that these complexes go into solution I will give it later. Brother, will you break it into solution? After leaving, the sulphate will get separated and But here bromine will be different. in this Complex Compounds Groups and Atoms of The Coordination Sphere and Ionization Sphere R Interchange. Coordination Sphere And to those who are outside you, Interchange it. Coordination Sphere K a ligament with an inside and an outside Interchange it. this type of isomerism Akers when counter ion in a coordination The compound is itself a potential ligand. When will this happen? If the counter ion is If a ligand can be formed then this story will be seen You will get it. Do we need ionization Did you understand isomerism? ions which are outside If the counter ion is attached then it becomes a ligand Sometimes, another ligand becomes a counter ion So ionization isomerism. because when If we break them down in the solution then these Ionization will happen in different ways. Ok? Well, we were also asked a test related to this goes through ionization isomerism Related. He says prove that these two These two are different. Brother applied bromine It is there, sulphate is there, ammonia is there and everything else They are placed equally. one cobalt a five ammonia, a sulphate, a bromine then Chlorine is applied as if you assume. So How did they become separated? So we'll tell you to test it Can be done. If we add silver nitrate in it Put it in. Isn't it? If I put AgNO3 in it What should I put, AgNO3? 😂 sorry sorry Sorry sorry sorry. AgNO3 not barium Should I add chloride? If I put barium in it Should I add chloride, BaCl2? So it will be a very strange story. If I have BaCl2 should I put it in the first complex? in which sulphate was outside so this barium sulphate What is formed by reacting with chloride Will you take it? This will make barium sulphate white Precipitate. White precipitate. If I react to it with this one So friend you know replace bromine I can't do it. can not replace it To chlorine. So any precipitate like this No, I will do the show. So we'll put it to a test You can define it. Silver which I spoke about It is not that what I gave is wrong. if you Even if you bring silver chloride, it will be Will go. If you bring silver chloride then you will know what will happen? take silver nitrate If you come then he will not replace this one and silver bromide will be formed there Will go. Ok? So this can also happen. They Silver happens when chlorine is taken out It happens. Bromine does not contain it. Chlorine It is outside in that. Ok? Well, okay. Add a solution of barium chloride to aqueous Pour the solution into both complexes. Now brother, we know which one contains sulphate Sulphate: How would this one have broken? CO2 NH3 5Br SO4 if I broke it then it would How would AZ CO NH35 have broken Br minus plus ka two hai na sorry sulphate minus ka to this must have broken like this is confirmed so when this sulphate came out and you added BaCl2 If we mix it then the chlorine of BaCl2 is sorry That will get removed and sulphate will get applied then this It will become BSO4. and its white precipitate It comes out. So this was a test that You can distinguish it. Because Because in the other complex it will not produce a precipitate of Barium chloride because the sulfate ion is Already coordinated with the complex. So BSO4 will not be formed in the second one. Why won't it be made ma'am? because it would be broken Edge in the complete complex and Br-. Isn't it? So this is how you can test it Distinguished in question boards too This has been asked many times. I hope so you You must have understood it. Next Coordination Isomerism. This is very easy. You just have to You have to understand how coordination happens just by looking at it Is? You will see the coordination sphere. If two coordination isomerisms then The word coordination is coming to mind. Bus That's it. Coordination Sphere Longi Khub all. So that is coordination isomerism. Ok? This type of isomerism akers. When both the cation and the anion are present in your body interchange of ligands and attached metal ions Lets do it. Such compounds are expected to Difference in the physical and chemical properties. But we don’t have to memorize so much. We just have to I have to understand. Look at these two coordination spheres. Isn't it? This is coordination Isomerism. Brother, we will look at the first method You will understand it soon. other than that mam would have been in it What is? So the ligand changes in this. its ligand its ligand its Near. So the ethylene diamine which is added to the cobalt In the second we applied cyanide using cobalt Gave. and chromium which causes cyanide In the second we applied ethylene diamine to it Gave. But what's the trick you have to remember? If we see enough such spheres, let us see At least you can see that coordination Coordination isomerism of the same sphere This is the example. Ok? you see the rest There might be ligand interchange taking place in it. Ok? So this is coordination Isomerism. Next we come to linkages Isomerism. understand the name linkage link bond There is something related to it. Yes. So write it in The mode of attachment varies. Mode of attachment attachment which will have different That will come under linkage isomerism. like for Example: You should keep these two examples in mind. Look from. look here every time Ammonia has been applied with cobalt five times. Ok? But if you look at NO2, you will see once O This is the donor side. Isn't it? and once the NO2 is dissolved in N This is the donor side. Ambidextrous is it? Because NO2. So when the N donor side and the O donor If it is a side then its molecular formula is the same will come. Everything is beans. Its structure It changed. Isn't it? So what happens here? Ambidextrous Legion is present where Pay. And there you will say that it is molecular The formula is coming out the same. Mode Off on The attachment is the way the loan pair The way he is giving it is different Done. so we'll name it this own linkage isomerism. Ok? Due To Difference in the mode of attachment of lignans. the way in which the ligand is attached There is a difference. the donor atom attached to the Metal ion bound by a coordinate bond is Different. Linkage isomerism akurs when The ligand has to be the donor atom which ma'am told you and which you can call as a bydentate ligand You know him by name. Like SCN would have been applied, Once S would be the donate side, once N There would be a donor side and a donor side. so such Ligands in which the mode of attachment changes Those are their linkage isomerisms. Next hydrate isomerism or solvent What is isomerism? again as the name Suggest: Water will be visible here. good only The water molecule will not be visible. water Not molecules. fitted with different types Water molecule. water of crystallization There might be some changes happening this time. Ok? Meaning Take a look, there's six of six H2O inside. One Bar five H2's are in and one is out. So These two molecular formulas are the same Brother. H2O6 there are six in both. Chlorine and Chromium will also be equal. But H2O is Once it even came out. Then we added two H2O Took it out. So this water is so soft It seems that he keeps changing. That means once Changes in the watershed of crystallization If it is going then you call it solvent Or hydrate isomerism. it is due to the difference in the number of water Molecules present in the coordination Sphere and Outer Sphere. So the water outside Numbers of water that is installed and inside There will be a difference in. that is your hydrate Isomerism. I hope you like these four Structural isomerism understood Will be. A board question came and Such questions are asked every time. Which Type of isomerism is shown by the following Pair. Which of the following isomerism is it showing? Come on let's see what we do Will you be able to find it? Letts C. First question. CONH3NO2ClCl CONH34Cl2O2. Now if I look into it carefully. Once NO2 is inside. Once the NO2 is out. Isn't it? So when I ionize this, here so I won't see chlorine outside ionizable In. and here NO2 which ion Isomerism done? Ionization. ionization Isomerism. Ok? Look here MnCO5 HCNCl, MNCO5 NCS is the first S donor side. Now which one is N? Done? The mode of attachment is different, ma'am. The linkage isomer is done. look at it and do it are you getting it? Next. PTCO34, PTCl6 again PTNH36 CCl2 PTCl4 good mean its cap its head is gone look carefully Cl2 and Cl4 is attached to platinum. Well, don’t think so much. to think so much It isn't there at all. There is not that much in it. These So it is even easier. maam one two sphere Sphere Sphere Sphere. Many more are coordination spheres. Coordination Isomerism. Ok? Say. Did you understand? of this type can be asked. then this is a very important question It is common. what type of isomers are this And this? Give a chemical test. Which one Isomer is first of all? Look here for sulphate It is outside. The bromine is out here. give and take Ionization isomerism. Ok? Now he is calling them differentiated Do. What would you do? will add to both We. NH35 [music] Br SO4 and second time it is written CONH3 5 SO4 Br what will you do with both ma'am? in both we will add it BaCl2 There will be a change in the results of both. What Will the result come? If I talk about SO4 If I do this, it will form precipitate of BaSO4. White in colour. Isn't it? on the other hand anybody here Precipitate will not be formed. so we can simply Write the Taste to Distinguish Between the Two. Come on brother, let's move ahead. Stereo Put the heading isomerism. are you not tired Have you gone? Yes. I am not able to sleep. Don't you feel like sleeping? no be It must have been so. Ok? come here. What is stereo isomerism? Here pe mam molecular formula structural The formula is the same. Geometrical arrangement or say special arrangement It changes. These are of two types Geometrical and we have optical. What is geometrical isomerism? isomerism in which the molecular Formula Beans, Structural Formula Beans on Their stereo chemistry is different. That means the special arrangement is different. Two These are cis and trans cis types & trans. Ok? Ok? they have the same Molecular formula, same structure The formula is different, stereo Isomerism. Meaning special arrangement. Correct Is? Let us go. So look at this here The group is set up. so if the group on the same side They are engaged. I say sis means Sisters. Sisters are absolutely loving they remain. Well, isn't that true? As such It does not happen at all. Ok? Butt if If we write it together like this then we call it cis isomer. Whereas if this son is on the opposite side Is. Sis means sisters will be together but Opposite means trans. Trans. Ok? So This is the trans form and that is the cis form. So this is in the form of cis and trans It is geometrical. Ok? like this You will see it in different ways. Look, it is attached on one side, sis. one side mounted Hey sis. Isn't it? look here. one side mounted All these are ammonia sis. Isn't it? and chlorine Look at them, they look different. such different Different side will be different here. Is No? trans to trans form cis form someone It can have any form. Ok? So transform and cis form this is its jana Geometrical isomerism. Next comes Optical isomerism. What does optical mean? First understand that optics means related to light. Same molecular formula, same structural Formula. But there is a behavior towards Light is different. Behavior is different in light It is theirs. You call this optical Isomerism. There are two ways to know this Are. Either you can see someone's optical activity Take it out. Ok? Either you opt for optical Remove the activity or make it non-summer Superimpossible images meet. Non Sumer No. Get non super impossible images. Ok? So you explain this in two ways. What is optical isomerism brother mam These? Coordination Compounds That Contain the Same Type of atom. Look, the rest is fine. Special Arrangement etc. and what is the difference here It happens? There is a difference mam Behavior Towards Light. There is a difference Ma'am his behavior is towards light. Ok? How Is Behavior Towards Light Different Now It happens? So I lit a bulb. Ok? Now unpolarized from any source of light The light goes out. unpolarized means that which is very there is light in all directions, that is Unpolarized light. Ok? So there you have it The light is going out. Ok? now put it here We offer Nicole Prism. nicol prism What is the work of? that these which are very There is light in directions, this is a Changes it into direction. in which will it change? It will change it in one direction. Correct Is? So this is polarized light. Many In books or in many schools from here Let's start the story. Well then? His First, you should know. so plane Polarized light, this is what you call a You will pass it from coordination compound. One Solution: You placed the polarimeter in the The polarity meter is speaking. In this you Put the coordination solution. Cation Solution of Coordination Compound. Now you have Got this light passed through him. So if this one This is a direction light, it turns towards left If it goes then it becomes levo rotatory. and if If we measure this light with this polarimeter After that you rotated it to the right side so this is yours It is dextro rotatory. Ok? And If it turned the light right or left Only then will you say that the solution or the That compound is optically active. That means it will show optical isomer. Then again plane polarized light which is Our plane polarized means same direction I light. if that compound which we have kept a solution of coordination compound near he turned it left or right So that is an optically active compound. But If it could not be rotated then it would be optically It became inactive. if it is rotated Optically active. can rotate two ways Is. Either the left side or the right side. If he turned left, then we They will say that it is levo rotatory. and right side If it is rotated then we will say dextro. i.e that levo means left side, l means left, Isn't it? and L means left and right side So Dextro. If plane polarized light is directed to the left side Rotated levo rotatory. right side done Dextro Rotatory. not done optically Inactive. And in both these cases optically He is active. Ok? Come on, let's go Forward. Let's move ahead. now another one of this There is a way to know. Look at that non Creating a super impossible image or not. First understand the meaning of non super impossible. This I placed my hand on top of this hand. so this Both are not imposing each other. Not covering it completely. speak it Creation of non super impossible images. Correct Is? So if a compound has non super Even if he creates impossible images, you can still tell him it may be that it is optically active or Showing optical isomers. So accept it I took this MB. These two ligands are There are assumptions A and B. So this B A does this The image is being created. Correct? Now save this image as per its Keep it up a bit. if you put it on top of So B will come above a. and A comes on top of b Will go. Meaning they will not cover each other. So we would say this is a non-superimpossible It is an image and you can also call it an enumerator yes. What you get to see in Chiral Carbon We get such carbon from which all the groups It might have looked different. Isn't it? and these detours or it can also do rotatory or levo rotatory rotation Is. Ok? So we can know this in two ways can something be optically active or No. non-superimpossible images are formed or Then ma'am rotate the plane polarized light Gives. Ok? So these are two methods. Let us go. So we know isomerism. Geometrical In isomerism we get forms of this type can also be seen. Isn't it? this this also You have geometrical isomers. another type What are off geometrical isomers? Occurs in octahedral coordination compounds can be in tetrahedral. Isn't it? They take adjacent positions. Well, you know there are two types There are geometrical isomers. There happens to be one There is a die form and then there is a fake form. Fake and Die. On whose basis does this happen? Assume this Cobalt is used here. Cobalt. Ok? Cobalt here too. Ok? these two are different There is a form. Hear about this too. Its Listen about it too. This time in the board Questions can also be asked, okay? These are its six bonds. Ok? these are its six Bonds are in place. Is that ok ma'am? now one The fact form is a Murphy form. Its What does it mean? See. If the group here NO2, NO2, NO2 are fitted on the same side So a simple triangle would be formed. These A triangle might be forming. Isn't it? one and the same Sides are installed. forming like a triangle Is. You call this a fake form. of fake What does it mean? that it is in a triangle shape Things are installed. Octahedral Complex In the case of an octahedral triangle Type of things started happening. so you call it that Fact form. and look what is in the dead form Is? There is no such thing in dead form. NO2, NO2 then look NO2 is placed here after that. Isn't it? So this is a plane, simple. then die Form. So in octahedral these are the sis and you are saying trans instead throw it and die can also come. and what does throw and die mean Is? Fact means simply three things Six things are put together. Meaning Octahedral. Octahedral means six things It hurt. Six ligands are involved. So if the same one If one side has three and the other side has three, then this You can make it like a triangle. here You could have also shown it, is it a triangle? so this is the fact form and the other one is the die form goes. Come on brother I think you You must have understood this also. Optical We also understood isomerism. Now come on Let us put the next heading. VB2 Balance Bond Theory. Put the heading brother. Quick Put heading with. Balance Bond Theory. Just give me a minute also. We Now we come to In Valence Bond Theory, VBT is the first to Didn't you go? Yes, I am tired. No, So let's understand the valence bond theory Are. VBT very interesting theory Is. Valence Bond Theory and Crystals Field Theory. mam in great detail to you as she will tell him, as much as she will tell him as it is Please understand this. and in a better way than this you No one can explain this. Guarantee. Ok? Come on brother. First understand the valence bond theory What happens? valence bond theory which is This describes a chemical bonding Will do it. the chemical bond that is being formed Sorry coordination in the coordination sphere This tells about him in the compound. So what does VBT tell us? VBT You You must have read overlapping again in class 11th. If I say it in one word then it is VBT Overlapping. It might be written somewhere that it would be overlap. Overlapping. the orbitals are mutually overlaps and that is what you call it VBT. Isn't it? What is VBT? overlapping of orbitals Above. That is VBT. Ok? So Incompletely filled atomic orbitals which are They can form a chemical bond with each other By overlapping. Ok? look as if Look at this overlapping fluorine is applied, Apply hydrogen. They got overlapped. Is No? Overlapping. like look at this here electron going in, p going in is, going into d. Isn't it? So that overlap It can also happen. come and join in this Electron transfer can occur in this. So You call this VBT i.e. valence Bond Theory. But we completely understand this I don't know ma'am about coordination compound How to ask a question about this? It's easy. Listen carefully. First, you hear some things Go carefully. I will tell you every thing about this question I will repeat the thing again. Ok? So if If I talk about covalence bond theory then Two types of geometry, three types of you I have to study geometry. There happens to be one Tetrahedral, one is square One is planar, one is octahedral. these three You have to study geometry. Ok? Your I am not the bi pyramidal one in yours. will come. Ok? This one will not come. This Remove it. Let us go. Now the first one happens Octahedral. Tell me the meaning of octahedral. Meaning, six bonds would have been attached. ligands that are There are six leagues attached. six coordination bonds That is octahedral. There are six legged ones. This Look at this way. Octahedral Six octahedral ligands are attached. There are two types of octahedral Hybridization occurs. This is how I am here I write about those which are octahedral Octahedral means understand the first six numbers of There are legends. If six leagues are involved then Octahedral or six bonds are basically Octahedral. Ok? Now this is its Geometry two will remain of the same type. See Look, its name remains the same. Octahedral Octahedral this will also remain this will also remain. But first understand how to apply it Can be done. There are two types of octahedral Are. either d2 sp3 d2sp3 or sp3d2 These two give you the hybridisation octahedral It can be seen in. whether anyone Hybridization is in octahedral shape It remains the same. Octahedral Ye It remains octahedral. Ok? Whereas if four coordination numbers Is. If the coordination number is four. Four This time there are two types of legends There will be geometry. one would be d2 ssp3 sorry one one will be d sp2 and one will be sp3 These two types of hybridization can be seen in this Is available to. you call dsp2 son Square Planer Its Geometry or shape square planar will come and its shape will be tetrahedral Tetrahedral Remembering this firstly keeps it in mind very well Remember this from here. if it is six then it is six If ligands are applied then there are two types of Hybridisation d2 sp3 sp3 d2 count six There are two or three and these three make six in total, right? is this spd is it orbital talking about orbitals okay These are their orbitals, these are subshells. 1 s aa went, 3 p came, and two d came. check it 3 4 5 and 1 s here four. So there are two p's, one s yes, there is a d. There are total four orbitals Isn't it? There are four here too. Ok? So, Octahedral name in Octahedral The geometry will remain the same. Octahedral Her Bar, okay? now it can also have d2, sp3 It can also be sp3, d2. and if it is four So it can be dsp2 or sp3. Ok? So we have to remember this first. Moving Forward Are. Let's move ahead. just wrote this here Is. If four is the coordination number, then sp3, It could be dsp2. square planer to dsp2 and sp3 is tetrahedral. if it is six then sp3d2 d2 sp3 of course in both whose Orbitals engaged in hybrid space are, you would call it tetrahedral or Octahedral, okay? Come on, this is done too We have. now octahedral complex two There are types, as we said, No? One having d2 sp3 hybridisation, the other having d2 sp3 hybridisation, sp3 d2 ones. Ok? Now there are many things in this Have to remember this. like here 3d orbital It has been used. d2 sp3 many people think sp3, d2, d sp3 it is the same thing. no its a different matter Is. There are two d orbitals here, and there There are two d orbitals. This is the same ma'am. But if you pay attention, the d here is It is coming from 3d and the D ahead there It seems as if he is coming from 4D. So Both are different. Ok? Spin Here There is pay pair. Spins are free here Is. Spin I will explain it to you now. Good, In which I remind you of this like this. Well, there is a way to do this according to one pairing will be. will be. But first you must remember that if The electrons son are going to d first. Electron means lone pair of electron which might have been given by the ligand. Ok? or loan Pair of electrons are donated by the ligand. Legendand let's understand it like this. If he first d If I am going then we get d2 sp3 what do you say? hybridisation and if that First going into s then comes sp3 d2. Isn't it? If d went in first then take that There is a spin complex. actually Let me say it again. This gives you a I am telling you as a trick. right now you I will explain the question. What is the trick behind this? Maybe you will tell me what is the trick In this. I will tell you. But You can remember it like this, if you want, spin it if it is paired then you say son low spin And if the spin is not paired then it is high It spins. But I remember it like this I keep it because at the end it will be the same It's a thing. If the electron in d goes first then Used to be. I call it low spin. D Meaning low spin. Went to D first. D Comes in. And if it goes into S then high spin. This is how I remember it. the rest of you Can speak exactly in the form of pairing ho that if it is low spin then that would mean that it has paired electrons and high spin means paired electrons No, there are unpaired electrons. We will understand this as a question. First you some Remember the points back to Valence Bond For theory. Understanding Valence Bond Theory For this also we have to remember some points Are. Come on brother, let us first learn its tricks I understand. Let us understand the formula. Ok? To whom you can tell that we follow its rules I know. What is the first rule? See. To you What is the plan? As soon as you receive any information regarding VBT also showed the question. what do you do with it Is? Whatever the central metal atom's central It is a metal atom, what should we do with it? His You need to write the electronic configuration Is. Direct Electronic at Do not write configuration in ionic form Write I will explain, I will explain through questions also Listen to it here first. What do you get first want to do it? Viewing the central metal atom. His I have to write the electronic configuration too in its ionic state. I mean, if I Write the electronic configuration of iron but iron is used in the question Iron is not like iron, it is Iron +2 so I'm like the electron of iron +2 I will write the configuration and not that of iron. So You will first need to identify the central metal atom. Write the electronic configuration and also how to write it in its ionic state I will write. then after that you have to see How is Legend brother? strong ligand Do you think it is a weak leg or not? You should know this You will have to do it brother, strong here Is it liganded or weakly liganded? It is of two types, either strong or Week. Ma'am how will I know if it is strong or not Weak? Tric weak ligands are Sox and PCN is a strong ligand. What is it is it ma'am? SOX are weak ligands. i.e that is sulfur, oxygen and halogens. x here My son is halogen. Sulfur, oxygen, Whenever you see halogen, it is your weak are ligands. and PCN phosphorus Sorry phosphorus, carbon, nitrogen ones The groups should be visible. Those are your strong ligands There are. if you only remembered socks No, then you will ask that question. Isn't it? because all the remaining ligands are string The legends became untrue. Ok? ok mam, Are they strong or weak? Difference what does it matter? What is the need? If the ligand If you are strong then it is a very different story. The strong ligand that is, son Allows the electrons to be paired. Where are the electrons coming from? Which one Electron? This is what your mind knows I must be walking. I will tell you through questions. But if there is a strong legend, note it down There will be pairing of electrons. If Weak if there is a legend then there is no pairing of Electron. there is no pairing of Electrons. He is strong legged. Brother will get the pairing done. It's absolutely week Will not allow pairing. Ok? good a and it's a really nice trick that the cobalt Your cobalt is in the form of +3, right? When cobalt is present, all the The ligands themselves are strong ligands. Accept for halogen. Except for the halogens Put any ligand with cobalt, it will It is strongly liganded. That means that Even if there are sulfur groups, yes Even if it contains oxygen, yes, no halogen Halogen not acceptable. Ok? Let us understand the first thing. what do we do first want to do it? Have to see the central metal atom. His Write the electronic configuration of ionic In the state. Then after that a simple story Maam told me that after doing all this you will What is the plan? You have to see Legends Is it strong or weak? If the strong ligand If it is then pairing will happen. Weakly Ligandred Pairing will not occur. Right now I have understood this much. There are weak ligamented socks. Sulfur, Groups containing oxygen or halogens. Strong The ligands on the PCN are phosphorus, Groups containing carbon and nitrogen. Ok ma'am. Now you need to know the ligand as a coordinate bond. Have to show it being made. Ok? Well, let’s go, This doesn't make any sense. Let's move ahead. Next. Now there are two types of movements. One is paramagnetic. Any can be paramagnetic or May be diamagnetic. again you did this also I have read it. Paramagnetic means where Unpaired electrons are present. Now you I understood that if he has a weak electron then Pairing was not done, meaning it is unpaired there There will be electrons. when the week is legendary So there is a paramagnetic group. and dia Die means two i.e. pairing of It might have become an electron. So there are two types of We have groups. either Paramagnetic movement will be the behavior Or there will be diamagnetic behavior. Correct Is? Paramagnetic meaning, paramagnetic means unpaired electrons are present and dia means paired electrons present Are. Where did paramagnetic mean paired go? is unpaired electron and dia means There are paired electrons. Ok? Yes ma'am. Now comes another thing, magnetic moment. μ You call this magnetic Moment. Its formula is n + 2. n + 2. What is n here? Number of Unpaired Electrons. everything flew out of everybody's mind Used to be. I know, but listen to me first, then We will get it done later. Ok? Let us go. So number of unpaired electrons, so mu From this you extract magnetic movement. Under What is root of n, n + 2, n? Number of Unpaired electrons. Its unit was is bn which is bore magnet. if here there is one unpaired electron, then the answer is Nearly equal to comes to 1.75. means to you You don't have to solve it completely, remember it with the help of tricks Take. Two comes the number of unpaired The electron becomes 2.75. Three Hota It is 3.75 something. if it is four then nearly 4.75. So you can get its answers in this way. You can write. Ok? so these are all the rules Are. Now the rules must have gone out of your mind Sure. First ma'am repeats the rule, then I will explain the questions. Listen carefully. Sometimes VBT is also asking VBT question do this, do that, do this, do that. So What do we have to do? This is not to be done Useless. We have to understand him. what do we want to do it? whatever its central metal atom is Write its electronic configuration is in its ionic state. Ok? means if it has +2 so by removing two electrons I have to write it. Ok? then look at the ligand How did you like it? It will either be strong or It will be week. How will we know? If sulfur, If oxygen and halogen are visible then they are weak is the ligand. And if phosphorus, carbon, If nitrogen is seen then it is its own It is a strong ligand. It is a strong lignan So that will cause pairing of the electrons. Now! The questions will explain how pairing happens. And if it is weak then pairing will not happen. then give There will be types of movements. either Either one will be paramagnetic Diamagnetic. If the unpaired electron If you see it then immediately say paramagnetic. And if pairing happens die means pair It is said that die means two and then it is paired That thing is diamagnetic. then magnetic What is movement? Under root of n + 2, what is n? number of unpaired electrons The unit is Bohr magneton i.e. bm. If the number of unpaired electrons is one then The answer is 1.75. If it is two then 2.75 is three So 3.75. and a single unpaired electron If it is not there then the magnetic will be zero Movement. Come on brother, now everyone has his own mind He is angry, I will have to explain it to him through questions. Let us go. I have a question what is in it I want to find out the hybridisation have to find out the geometry, magnetic Movement, magnetic behavior or character And the spin has to be extracted as well. Let us go. And spin. Is it high spin or low spin? all these things I have to find it in this question. My There is a question given in front. Let's do it. First of all there is VBT we know the most The electronic composition of the first central metal atom configuration and that too in its ionic state. So I am the electronic configuration of nickel I will write. But do I have to write a nickel? No Ma'am, should I calculate the charge on Nickel? Now look at you Learn to remove the oxidation state in this time Went. But still I want to write to you here once I am showing it to you. If I were to pay this whole If I take it out then you will consider the nickel as x. Water Zero It happens. Isn't it? Overall Pay Plus Ka Two If there is charge then charge will come on X plus two. Correct? I did it quickly because you need it It still comes, right? Brother, it's so late We understand that, ma'am. So, Ni+Ka2 It is charged. So I got a Nike Electronic No need to write configuration. Niche Me +2 I have to write it. Do you understand the meaning of +2? Meaning Two electrons might have come out from it. Correct Is? Electrons were released from the niche. what's the matter Is? Electrons were removed from nickel. Ok? Let's do the electronic configuration brother. So what happens? Argon What is 4s2 3d niche? Be strict with yourself Throw away the injection. Its atomic number is 28. Is No? So 3d 8 now removes two electrons as well So it is ma'am. So remember son electron It also comes out from the first s. the electron goes is also on the first s. So that means two of them The electrons will come out from here. If I Its exact electronic configuration Do you know what will happen if I write it? 4s And there were eight electrons in 3d. Address in 4s how many will be left? Zero. if ma'am three if we had to remove the electron then now d Take out one from it. Brother two left from here. now the third from here, fourth from here, fifth from here It will keep coming out from here. but from the two first s Will come out. Because we read this from rule 11 that the electrons go to s first and then to s Electrons come first. Ok? Remember this. Come on brother. electronic Done the configuration. now my son is here What actually? Now you need the second thing I want to see it. Which is the ligand? How is the water Is there a ligand? H2O water what type of ligand is this It happens? If I talk about water, Water acts as a weak ligand for us Is. Isn't it? If I talk about water here Should I do it? How does water work? Water a Week acts as a ligand. Ok? water Acts as a weak ligand. remember take this thing. Water Ammonia Ammonia Meaning generally both are neutral. But This week works like a legend. Correct Is? Let us go. But with water cobalt I will go strong li li li li li li li Lee will act as a legend. remember this too Keep. what does a good week legend mean is it ma'am? means pairing of water electron He will not get it done. He won't do it. I don't understand this thing now ma'am Hear Listen carefully. Listen Listen Listen. 3d Draw 8 first. d has five orbitals. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 eight electrons sent. we speak If it is a weak legend then it means there is no pairing Will do it. Do you know what it means if you don't pair? What? if there was a strong ligand, son So this electron would have come here. Pair Ho This electron goes to that weak point So he is not getting the pairing done. Ok? what happens now ma'am? now actually in Do you know the whole story of VVIT? that this ligand is connected to its lone pair donates electrons to nickel Which we have been reading for so long. So this means It will donate its lone pair electron but where will it do so? Will you give? Bhai nik if you look at it then This is how orbital happened. So where are the electrons? Think of six lone pairs of electrons that are trying to donate That is it. wants to donate six lone pair electrons Used to be. That means six waters have to go in To donate lone pair electrons. so it means How will it go ma'am? So there is some space left here No ma'am. But we know that s after d is empty It happens. It is a p orbital. and this Coordination is number six, right? So six in Have to send. 1 2 3 4 Went to only three places. So That means the next d is also empty. now look at me What to send in? Lone Pair of Water Have to send. H2O6 is six times ma'am. three four Five six ma'am six times. six times inside I have to go. three four five six its lone pair Water's lone pair has to go in. six loan payers so that's why What is the result of hybridization from here? Will she come? Should I write hybridization above? I write about hybridization here. What Will you come out from here? because ma'am first You gave the electrons to s. then three loans The pair you gave to d is given to p. then you give it to me Gave it to D. sp3 d2 is hybridisation. write it here If desired, will hybridisation come? sp 3d2 Hybridization I. let's do geometry Is? well six whenever there's a coordination number so you know no matter how it is d2 sp3 d sp3 is going to remain the same. Geometry Octahedral Octahedral isn't it magnetic moment magnetic Character Magnetic Character Magnet Behavior will also be written like this in many places ok well tell me see the pairing yourself No ma'am pairing happened, pairing did not happen If it doesn't happen then how is it paramagnetic Paramagnetic Paramagnetic Someone say paramagnetic Why is it that he felt it was a weak legend? Paramagnetic does not allow pairing Behavior Magnetic Moment i.e. mu = Put n + 2. How many numbers of unpaired Are you electrons ma'am? two unpaired There were electrons. So 2 2 + 2 or without doing so much Just write 2.75 directly like this. come near by This must have been a 2.75 bore Magneton. Two If the unpaired electrons are 2.75 then 3.75 is four, this is the answer, 4.75. Correct Is? Which one is the spin? Low spin or high Spin. Has pairing happened or not? Ma'am, if we talk about pairing, then in this So pairing has not happened. So either remember it like this Keep it. Or what did I say? If in d The electron was going first, so d was low Spin. And S high is high spin. So, It is a high spin complex. or like this Remember it or write it down like this. Someone say hi Why is spin important? Because unpaired There were electrons. Pairing not done of electrons. So it's in this way Questions have to be asked. Are you confused? Didn't you come? Let's do another question. This one was ah six coordination number. Do one with four also. Ok? Let's go the same The same thing has to be taken out. Hybridisation, Geometry, Magnetic Movement, Magnetic Character, spin. Ok? what first of all will you do it? whatever this given is central metal atom its mem electronic configuration We will write that too in its ionic state. So Write the electronic configuration of iron. What is? Now look friend. no more mam I will tell you again. -6 here, -4, x - 6 = -4 will come out, then x = + 2 will come out, okay? Let us go. Now you do it as soon as you see it. I am also like A I am ho- I am hoping that you are also like this You must be charging it immediately, right? Let's see, what is iron? 26 atomic number and two electrons lost argon 4s2 3d 6 Should be. But if two electrons are removed then The first zero must have come out from s. Ok? Now what will you do maam? We will draw d. How many electrons are there? Six. 1 2 3 4 5 6 The electrons are gone ma'am. What to do now? What to do now? What to do now ma'am? CN Is. First tell me which is the ligand? Strong or weak? carbon nitrogen are strong ligands. Strong If the ligand is a strong ligand then what? will be? All the electrons are Pairing will be done. They will be paired. Ok? Pairing of electrons will happen. Pair all the electrons you have. Send it here. Send it here. This Send it here. Pair them. Let's pair I will do it brother. How will you pair it ma'am? so this which looks like this, you can see its six The electrons will come into paired form. Like this now ma'am six CN okay this is six this is also six It has a coordination number. I thought four It will be about to happen. Ok, is there anyone with a sixer? There is no problem. If it was four then it would have been four inside Let's go. Isn't it? There is no problem. Six CN have to go inside. mam one here another here So I will go to D first, friend. Look at the place now If any is left then SB is empty. Next S P D all three They are empty. Isn't it? How many to send? Six. one two 3 4 5 6 means two lone pair off The electrons might have gone to the cyanide. Two Two must have gone here. This way If you want, you can remember it like this using a trick. As many ligands as you have They have to send their loan pair in. Same I am telling you this for so long. Loan Pair If you are going inside, keep the cyanide ready I gave it. So will hybridisation come? Tell. Where did you send me first, brother? Electron. the electron of the ligand that you have Ma'am, where has the loan payer been sent? d In. So went into d twice. once again s I then drank three times. d2sp3 Hybridization has arrived. See how easy it is. Tell me geometry maam it is six It will be octahedral. Isn't it? So Geometry octahedral. Tell me a magnetic character. Magnetic Tell me about your behaviour magnetic character. How? is it magnetic? Paramagnetic or Diamagnetic? A: I have got the pairing done, ma'am. Diamagnetic. diamagnetic because we got the pairing done I have given it. Find out the magnetic moment, ma'am. n n + 2 son here whenever diamagnetic If it happens then it becomes zero magnetic Moment. why ma'am? Number of Unpaired How many electrons are there? How many unpaired are there electrons? Not even one. of n is zero Value. then its mu will be zero Value. Zero Bore Magneton. Any value No, ma'am. It is zero. Tell me the spin. Hi There is spin, there is low spin ma'am. In the first d The electron is gone or you can just say it like this. either Ma'am the pairing of electrons has been done. Hi Spin. High spin. So here you have all your stuff. If the coordination number was four, you would have checked it Are. either in octahedral sorry four or So it would be tetrahedral or square It is planar. How would I know ma'am Tetrahedral or square planar? sp3 comes then tetrahedral hybridisation would happen and If hybridisation dsp2 occurs then that The square would have been planar. Come on brother I hope So, I understood this too. The four one is also good Is. Hey, what's the matter. The four one too There is a question. Let's do it. First of all Electronic properties of the central metal atom Configuration. what is the charge in the ionic state He will come and see. Look, there is 4 on CN. Above is -2. 4 = -4 = - is 2. If he goes there then 4 - 2 2 It will be plus. electronic Write down the configuration. What is a niche? Nikuzhan 28 atomic number. +2a means two The electrons might have gone away. Direct Tax Let Argon 4s have zero electrons left And it will have eight electrons. Ok? Now Draw d. draw 1 2 3 4 twice because the second I will write it again soon. Isn't it? draw You took it ma'am. What to send and what to send? Eight electrons. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 sent ma'am. CN is installed. what kind of a group would this be is it CN maam? Strong field ligands. It is a strong ligand. Strong contains a ligand. what will he say? brother will say Sir, I am very strong. of all of you I will get the pairing done. pairing off Electron will get it done. so 1 2 3 4 5 6 The electrons will sit like this. Do you understand things now? ok maam. Four cyanides are to be sent in Us. Charge means not sending cyanide What happens? Lone Pair of Cyanide You can write one or two on electron. Maam place No, but we know that S and P are sitting ahead. Will be. Isn't it? So three and four. send four yes this time. Isn't it? actually inside what are you going to? Lone pair of cyanide. Send four. Ma'am, send in the first two D's, one in s, in one p. two in d, one in s, one in In p. d2sp Isn't it? Did you do it right? You did it right, right? ok sorry eight electrons five six seven eight that's right two good good sorry sorry sorry wait wait wait wait I did one thing wrong I had to send eight electrons, but I sent six. I have written the pairing, just wait a second to correct it please correct this brother eight eight electrons will go like this, I haven't taken six I had written it by mistake it became only eight ok Now what do we have to send four maam CN I want to send it but the front S is also empty ma'am front P How did I know that it is also empty, brother? if it is d2sp then there is no hybridisation in case of this either dsp2 will come or sp3 will come. Ok? So ma'am one must have gone here. one here, second here, third here, fourth here Here. Four CN loan pairs might have gone like this. Isn't it? Four such loan pairs of CN would have been lost. So first ma'am went to D2. Hybridization Tell. First ma'am went to D2, then went to S, Then a sorry went first to D, then to S Went, then went to two P. One in a D, two in an S in and two p. is dsp2 ok? dsp2 Hybridize Hybridization has arrived. Geometry. What happens to DS sp2? Square planer. If it were sp3 then it would become tetrahedral. Good What will you take out then? Magnetic Behavior Take it out. Paramagnetic Diamagnetic Mam We have done the pairing. Diamagnetic Look at it from here. Ma'am this is diamagnetic. Ok? Tell me the magnetic moment. ma'am It is diamagnetic. Pairing is done. Unpaired There will be no electrons. But ma'am n + 2 does not exist. It is zero. So that means here the value of μ is zero It will be. Ok? Yes ma'am. Tell me spin high Is it spin or low spin? Pairing is done So high spin. or say it like this in D The electron went first. D to bhaiya hi hota Is. Sorry, I said the opposite. Pairing is done High or low spin? Went to D. D then take it It is ours, isn't it? S is high. Ace High It happens. Ok? Yes, ours is high. Ok? It's D-Lo. So, what will you say? Low spin. Ok? Come on brother. I hope you have balance Bond theory is well understood It will be. Complete Methods on Balance Bond Theory It was not correct from. It had some limitations. Is No? some number of assumptions was taking the first Thing. Because there are too many assumptions If you were doing this then you were getting a bit complex Things have been happening. Ok? This gives us any Quantitative value of magnetic data I was not giving it. Meaning in the form of numbers No one was telling the value exactly What is magnetic behavior data? Then After that the most important thing, son, is not this color I was able to tell. coordination compounds that They show coloured ions. But What color will it be? When will it happen? something like that Even VBT doesn't talk. Ok? To all This is the main point. Ok? Then. After that Same quantitative interpretation. These Thermodynamics and Kinetic Energy I could not even tell about it. Ok? Many times we cannot make exact predictions Had been. Isn't it? Some ligands have this He was saying that this is strong, this is weak. But How are they strong or weak? Any He was not giving the exact distinction. Ok? So, Crystal comes to us. Field Theory. of crystal field theory What does it mean? CFT. what does it say Is? This shows splitting. in one word If I tell this to him, I will say this Performs splitting of the d orbital. this which d There is an orbital, let us break it down and show it. How will the split happen? Crystal Fuel Theory It also tells us about coloured ions. So it is very important. Ok? so this what do you say maam? Take a d orbital In a degenerated state. if you want this then Try drawing it. a degenerated d orbital it occurs. Do you understand the meaning of degenerated? Degeneracy means that everyone's energy is the same Is. Now. This forms an average d orbital. we have one degenerated d Orbital. Degenerated d orbital and this forms an average d orbital. What is average d? This is your son structure Drawing can be asked directly. Average d orbital means that it has all the The energy is not the same right now. Ok? and this It gets split. It gets split. Ok? Octahedral First understand the case of. Two boxes will go up. Three boxes will drop down. Are there two boxes? Is it three when? Box means orbital first thing. But why is this happening? this also me I will explain it to you. Ok? I will explain this as well. Why is this happening? Ok? Let us go. so this It is made in this way. you call this T2G set. This is called T2G set. This You say EG set. T2G set EG set. Ok? A, you call this plus 3/2. 0.6 It has its value. Ok? and its value comes its value comes minus of 2 / 3 sorry 2 / 5 here I wrote two I gave it by mistake it should be five 5 here 2 / 5 here 3 / 5 ok so how much will this cost 5 6 yes it was correct it will come out to be 0.4 minus Okay, I am telling you the value of delta O. I call this the Barry Center The Barrie Center. Now I don't understand any of this Ma'am has come. We didn't get anything ma'am. this you Whatever I have told you in such a short time, It did not come to my mind at all. have to memorize What? No no, I will explain it now. why is this Could it have happened? First duplicate this Should I give it? Let me make a duplicate of this first. Go away brother. Go away. Go away. It didn't work. It is not a big thing. I guess this You might be seeing it. Isn't it? So I am a I am making the octahedral case basically here Pe and one I'm making tetrahedral. Only two cases will come to you. Ok? Tetrahedral. Beta in tetrahedral There will be some slight differences. like this to You won’t say T2G. You won't call this EG. There won't be two boxes above. bottom three boxes Will not happen. Ok? three up here The boxes go in and down come two boxes. Correct? You call this E set. Above you talk about T2 set. Both G will be removed From if is octa tetrahedral condition. Correct Is? Then its value will be a 2 / 5 and its It will come to 3/5 i.e. it will come to minus 0.6 This will be plus 0.4. Now mam you understand Two. We did not understand it at all. Hear Listen to me carefully. what is all this happening is it here? What is all this written mam did? Everything has gone up from my head. Yes. So Understand this thing. what is basically happening By approaching the ligand in coordination compound Used to be. The ligand is coming. Isn't it? and that is forming a bond with the central metal atom. So It is seen here that the d orbital splits This is done by the arrival of the ligand. d orbital which the ligand is coming, it's coming breaking will go to d orbital. now the d orbital can be used in two ways It breaks from. our d orbital No? you call this dxy dyz dzx then You call this dx² - y², this is dz² So, we have read it before also. Now coming to the ligand is the ligand is approaching towards it in d orbital It is coming. Isn't it? so what is legend son will he do it? It will work in two ways. either Either the ligand will go between the lobes in the one either approaches along the lobes I don't understand ma'am what are lobes ma'am if I draw dx y it looks like this it is possible i will do dy z I will do dz x, this is how they are made. Their The lobes are between the axes. these loops between the i wrote this wrong Gave. Write axis everywhere here. Ok? Axis You will understand it. wait wait wait will come To understand. Hear going into a bit of detail yes but you will understand. this is mine It is guaranteed. Look what happens is X Y Y Z ZX X Y Y Z and ZX their lobes are between the There are axes. Ok? but the same z X² – Do you know how y² and z² are formed? This way. These This is your dz². You can make that first, if you want. this is your dx² - y² and this is d z². Now if you look at all of them, their lobes how is he? The lobes are still there, ma'am. Between the Axis. Look carefully. These is the axis. the lobe in the middle of it. These axis Is. Every time in between, right? Axis K There are lobes in the middle. All four. But Look at the lobes of these two here That's along the axis, son. In the axis itself Lobes are formed. If it's a one shot then it won't fly I am explaining it to you because I can. Ok? Lobes Remains in axis every time. Now ma'am what does this have to do with it? ligands or so between the axis comes either along the Axis arrives. If the ligand between the When the axis arrived then the between the axis guys were up Will go away. If the ligand between the axis is Gaya then got linked between the axis wali jo These are our things, they will go upstairs. And If along the axis comes then along the The Axis guys will come up. What does it mean? Meaning, ma'am is not making you memorize this. ma'am she is telling you that two boxes up, three box down or three boxes up, two boxes How are you coming down. These are the orbitals. dxy yz zx x² - y² z² d x² - y² dz² I did not say anything wrong. wait a second Wait wait wait wait. Octahedral Cases What will happen in? is octahedral. What does octahedral contain? The ligands in octahedral approaches Between the Axis. I wrote it upside down. This was the case of octahedral. wait some There is no problem. Do it here. here Do it. There is no problem. hold on hold on wait. I will tell you. Let me explain. Let's go first. Okay, understand this. We are back to structure Will come. wait a second structure please Go. I'll come back to structure. Ok? so between the axis along the Axis x y y z zx we get it. Now listen Listen to me carefully. Now listen to me be careful. what happens here? Who It contains a tetrahedral complex The ligand approaches between the axes. which is tetrahedral between the axis When will Ligand arrive? When the tetrahedral It is complex. so in tetrahedral three orbitals above They go away. So this case which was written was three Orbital is good right. three orbitals went up Tetrahedral. It was right, it was right, it was right. It was right. I said it wrong. Tetrahedral, that was correct. Now see what it means understand. The ligand is coming in tetrahedral Between the Axis. How is the ligand coming along? Ligand is coming between the axes. Axis Coming between the ligands of tetrahedral In. So three orbitals would have moved up In the case of tetrahedral. three orbitals up Gone are the tetrahedral cases. Ok? And two remained down. Ok? because in which The ligand is coming into an excited state goes. Ok? now at another time How is Legends coming along? ma'am? along the Axis. ligand approaching the axis Is. so the axis has lobes formed on it, He will go upstairs. that is, octahedral This happens in me. along the axis It occurs in octahedral condition. So In the case of octahedral Two lobes went up in the case. along the axis Look, they have gone up. along the axis which Were? x² - y² and z² move up along the axis The rest of them remained below. Correct? Now this too If you understand then you understand the structure ma'am We understand. But this is not +3 / 5 2 / 5 Do you remember? Look at the one with two boxes on top. Look, two two in every case, denominator five. will remain. Why? because there are overall five orbitals look here. Three and two make five. Three and two make five. So the denominator will be five for everyone. Now remember Put what's the trick? If two boxes are above So its numerator becomes three. If If there are two boxes then the numerator becomes three Is. and if there are three boxes then numerator two It happens. Upside down. if three boxes above This is numerator two. If two boxes are above Numerator three. Reverse. three boxes appear We will give you two numerators. Two Boxes If you see a box, that means orbital, then the numerator I will keep three. and the denominator is all five He is going to stay. Correct? mam why minus below are you applying it? because the one below If the energy decreases then there is a minus sign Below Ok? and the one above would have had more If it is there then it is a plus. so 0.4 0.6 where up Does it have to happen? Where to be down? we don't cram. It's a simple thing. two boxes up then 3 / 5 three boxes down then 2 / 5 in which two The box shown has numerator three Will go. The one in which three boxes are visible The numerator will become two. okay brother? I Hope you have understood till here. Ok? And you can buy it from its electronic There is a configuration. EG set, T2G set. E set, T2 set. This is its electronic configuration it occurs. Ok? Now let's look at two types There are complexes. either high spin Either low spin. How do we know? Forth Where is the electron going? on his basis You can get high or low spin. again I will explain this to you through the question itself. I showed you this entire thing in writing. Ok? And I have created this structure for you. I also showed it. Let us go. Let's move ahead. Correct Is? This also happened. Let's move ahead. Now we We will understand this question directly. High Spin Low Spin ma'am told you. Ok? Hi How is the distribution of spin low spin It will happen, I will tell you that too now. See the question. FeCN6 -4 Look now Fe CN 6 -4 Ok? This is your question. Ok? Now If I look at this question carefully, So first you need its electronic You need to write the configuration like you did in VBT I did it. In the ionic state. In Fe The charge will come. Look carefully. of plus Two. What will be the electronic configuration? Argon. Argon will have 18 electrons gone. 4s I went to zero, right? and what is iron Is? 26 atomic number 3d has six electrons Must have gone. Now what will happen here ma'am? Here cyanide is the ligand. approach this It must have been in D. Ma'am what kind of case is this? because it is written six here so this This is the condition of octahedral. write it here I have been. This is the condition of an octahedral Is. If I were to make the whole structure of this, I would what should I say? I will say here is your d Orbital. Here's your d orbital. It has six electrons. This would have converted into an average d orbital. Average d Orbital and Average d Orbital She might have split it. How will it split? What happens in the case of octahedral? How does the ligand approach? Ma'am, Ligand Comes Along the Axis. so two orbitals go up and three remain below. Ma'am, we call the three ones T2g set. We call the two ones Ma'am Easy Set. Now Now son, you have to look at the legend Is it strong or weak? If I take this ligand Let me talk about it, this is a strong ligand. Carbon containing ligand. what is a strong ligand does it? Gets the pairing done. Ok? So look what happens here? Me Six electrons have to be sent. how can i Will I send it? 1 2 3. Now the fourth electron Where do I send the electrons? can send it here also Yes, and I can send it here also. So, the fourth Where will the electron go? ligand strong There will be a pairing, that is, the fourth Electron will go to T2 set. Pairing If it is, then send the fourth electron into it. So, fourth electron, fifth electron, Sixth electron. What is the fourth electron going into? If Fourth Electron If I go to T2G then tell me to take spin. In the case of octahedral. Isn't it? look carefully it's going down Low spin. And if this goes to EG, Egg goes up If it happens then it is high spin. Ok? Remember this. So the fourth electron went down. Now let me say it first Show hybridisation according to CFT You will say crystal field theory ma'am, Six electrons went into T2. and one in EG too did not go. Done electronic configuration Done. Paramagnetic Diamagnetic Mam We have done diamagnetic pairing Take out the mu. Diamagnetic has zero aa Will go. There is no need to write it. Hi spin low spin mam fourth electron Because it has gone down so low spin. This is your crystal field theory. Splitting occurs. what happens? Splitting happens here. d orbital It breaks and shatters. why does it break Is? because the ligand approaches. This story is happening because of the arrival of the ligand Is. Ok? So this is how you can ask questions from it Can be asked. Let's do one more. These gonna do it. There is a four here. Correct Is? CONH34 Do one with four also. CO NH3 4 + 2 First of all the story is the same. Cobalt Write the electronic configuration of. What Is there cobalt here in the state? of +2 Form A this will become zero. +2 yes +2 what Will be done? Argon. Ok? 4s 0 3d mind feko 27 atomic number. There are seven electrons in it. Ok? Then You have to do d dr. these are d orbitals Times. Once degenerated and once average. Degenerated means everyone's energy is the same. Average Meaning the energy was not the same. Electron Send it, how many do you want to send? Seven electrons. + 2 is written right? That's ok. be +3 Maybe it could. ok is that ok? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Electron. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 write this down is the average d orbital. And this is degenerated. Ok? Now it does a split. Because This is our tetrahedral case. What does a tetrahedral contain? In the condition of tetrahedral, maam goes up There are three boxes. And two boxes remain below. would have been the opposite Isn't it? Let us go. Now seven electrons have to be sent. send it first tell me is it a strong ligand or Is it a week legend? This is an ammonia solution. NH3 Isn't it? What type of ligand is NH3? Think. Strongly leagued or weakly leagued. See If we talk about NH3, why any kind of ligand No. Cobalt is leveled with +3. BBT I had read that except halogens with cobalt that any legend is strong A legend is formed. so this is a strong ligand Is. Ok? This will also ask for pairing. So Two electrons gone. Third electron. Now what do you do here in case of Tetrahedral complex. You see that that Where is the third electron going? if he If he is going upstairs then tell him hi Spin. If it's going down. tell him to Spin. Ok? So because the pairing will happen below The same electron will go first. so 4 5 6 7 We sent seven electrons, ma'am. I what should I tell you about its electronic configuration I according to crystal field theory then what will you say maam this is what e set is is the t2 set. So ma'am three went to T2 electron and four electrons went to e. Three electrons went into t2. tell me spin Spin High Spin. ma'am electron first The third one went down. Low spin. paramagnetic diamagnetic mam here we have But I got the pairing done, I got the pairing done Diamagnetic Diamagnetic ok bro take a screenshot every time I had moved away in the previous one too, I had moved away so you went in the previous one right? yes if you If you want to take out μ then take out μ If you want to take it out, then only zero will come out It doesn't make any sense, come on brother, this too Take a screenshot, ok, you should also do this may be asked so I have repeated the whole I showed it to you by drawing it. come on now because We read one thing in valence bond theory I thought that friend this doesn't even tell about colored ions Is. So what does the crystal field tell us? Yes. Crystal Field shows you colored ions. All you have to do is remember this circle that says It is Vigor. Violet here Violet and Both Indigo come anyway. Violet and indigo. Ok? Violet Indigo Blue Green. So you have to draw a circle. in that Six colours have to be written. VIBGYOR. So vibgor Just like that. so violet indigo at the same time will remain. then blue then green then yellow then Orange. Then Red would come. Ok? Now this Why have you made a circle? Because if you Someone please tell me which colour will come out? Firstly the colour Why will it come out? So to speak DV transition Because of. Brother there is electron here We will jump around. Look sometimes going up is the electron ever going down the pair in form, in unpaired form ever In excited state, up means excited in state and below means deexcited state is in. Are you understanding? then the number of electrons There will be some jumping around because of which DD The transition will be visible. and this is why so complex compounds are those are the crystal field theoreticians said that They show their colored ions because Its electrons are messing around. DD transition moving up and down in DD Are. what do you call him? from excited Coming in de excited. So radiations which allows us to see colors It is available. Now which colour will we see? Which colour of light does the son absorb? his complimentary light is outside It comes out. Remember this. Its complement What is? What about Red? It is green. Is No? Green. Meaning if someone wears violet color if it absorbed the light then what is that Will you take it out? It will emit yellow colored light. ma'am if it absorbed yellow then it would Emits violet light. Will bring out complementary colors. If If it absorbs red colour light then it turns green The light will come out. But if green absorbs If you do, the red will come out. Orange colour key Light absorbing and blue coloured light outside It will come out. Blue absorbs curry orange outside It will come out. Looks like complementary colours Us. Ok? The complementary color is the Color generated from the wavelength left over. Ok? to see complimentary colors will get. Look to absorb green light What will be getting? ma'am green on doing green whose? Ma'am Red of Complimentary Red The color will appear. Look, you will see red color. Ok? Why does it happen? be due to the good ligand Used to be. Suppose that any one has a ligand No. There is absence. There is no ligand. Now Ligane will not approach. Not Split will do things. in excited de excited I will not go. Then you will see the color in it No. So in the absence of Augund Crystals Field splitting does not occur and hence the Substance is colorless. It will remain colorless. Ok? Let's do Crystal Field Theory Was it completely successful? actually She was very successful. But some of it also There were limitations. Ok? Assumptions Again It was happening here as well. Isn't it? Anionic The legend was being considered more. Seen doing the greatest splitting Were. Anionic Ligand Actually we have It was observed that they are in the spectrochemical series There is some in the pipeline. means they were saying anionic ligands which are anionic ligands which are They get more splitting done. But We read a spectrochemical series next I will teach you now. He says that the anionic Leagued ones are sometimes low ones. More Do not get splitting done. So this thing of theirs I crossed the limit a little. Ok? does not take How the covalent character of the account is visible Is. This is just a coordination bond So I am telling you, but a little bit covalent I am not able to tell what the character is. Its After that you know ligand field theory, right? And Molecular orbital theory advanced even further Which you do not need to study in your course No, but she has become more successful From this. Ok? Good bonding of metal and Understand carbonyl. which is made of metal and carbon There is a bond, understand that it is a bond. So this is a very It is a small concept, it is theoretical. Bus You will find these structures written by ma'am This has to be remembered. Ok? Now metal and Always remember the bond of carbol. Very There is a strong bond. quite strong It happens. When the carbonyl becomes a ligand His bond is very strong. The carbonyl four can also look like different There are five, there could be six as well There are, there could be seven as well. But this is enough Will create a strong bond. Why? Because which is your metal carbonyl bond That shows your synergic bond. Synergic bond means metal carbol How is the bond formed? any ligand or How is the bond of the central metal atom formed? Mam lone pair electron donating ligand And the central metal atom. So it becomes Bond. Ok? So there's a sigma bond it happens but you know here pi bond It is also formed in metal carbonyl. this which This lone pair is going to become a sigma bond Brother, this is our brother legend, I say this You can take a loan payer from us but if Sometimes there is a bond between metal and carbon what does it contain which metal is there does it also have electrons, is the metal saying so I'm a little short on electrons, man So I will try to give you electrons too. So I can do Pi Bond here too Now if only Sigma is there So it is strong but even if it becomes a pie If that bond becomes stronger then because if someone asks you this is a strengthener Why is there a bond between metal and carbonyl Speaking here both sigma and pi become Looks like it is being made. That is why I this I would say that this is our strong bond Is. The synergic effect is created here. What does synergic effect mean? When There may be a combined effect of two or more of substances and also anionic now anionic things that are greater than the sum of Their individual. and some anionic ones too Start giving electrons. See also Anionic is donating electron then the bond and It became strong. greater than the sum of Individual effects. if you only look at this Weak bond. You will only see it a little bit Strong. You will see this as a weak bond. to all three If you mix them together a stronger bond will be formed. so this what happens to you? of metal and carbonyl Bond. So the pi bond also starts showing and Because of this it becomes stronger Its Bond. Ok? which your structures All three are made here. Four five you Everything has to be remembered. In this way, the metal can be combined with different carbonyls. Ok? Let us go. Moving Forward. What is Of coordination compound? wait a second Brother. Why I Did the Spectrochemical Series No studies? Where did it go? where did my Spectrochemical Series? Here it is. this we I did not understand. Understand spectrochemical series. A concept in crystal field theory Next comes the spectrochemical series. What is spectrochemical series? These It's a series. Legends have started the series In. like we were learning na socks and PCN. no no they say a series Make it. You should remember this in the form of the series. So what do you do in crystal field theory? Do you say anything? it depends bro It also depends on the ligand whether it Will he do the pairing or not? Isn't it? So Will the splitting be more or less? How will we know? If the strong ligand is So there will be more splitting. Weak ligand Splitting will be less. and on the basis of this We made a series called Spectrochemical Series. this experiment The series has come out from. Maam gave this Written with a trick. what is the trick here Pay? Chlorine came from outside. I means iodine. Outside means bromine. se means ah signeed No? Cl means chlorine. came again from outside Chlorine. White sulfur fluorine. white Cover yourself with a scarf. O means OH and Chunni means Carbonate. Carb sorry oxalato. Ok? Ok? C2O4 Then it happened. the very first what's the trick bro? Chlorine came from outside White flying scarf. Then what happens after that? Bathing with water and ammonia here. Who is taking a bath with water here? Ammonia. in E N means in ethylene diamine. in California & Colombo. California & Colombo. Listen back. what is the trick ma'am? Chlorine came from outside. who is coming From outside? Chlorine is coming. wearing white Chunni. Wearing a white scarf. Ok? Then After that I take a bath with water and then I take a bath with water Who is taking a bath here with ammonia in water brother we are talking about two people at once We are talking about chlorine once Are you doing ammonia okay then chlorine what are you talking about that ma'am came from outside Have you come from outside, what chlorine have you worn? Chlorine came from outside wearing a white dupatta Wearing a white dupatta and then in another story Ammonia has come while bathing in water ammonia Where is ammonia when we bathe with water? California And Colombo In California & Colombo. So this is the trick. now this trick Am I complete? So basically this is a Spectrochemical series. From here The series is starting and it will end there and it is increasing its In order. I mean this is a lot It is a strong ligand which is spectrochemically Coming at the end of the series. and this is a big one He is a weak ligand. Ok? So there is a series that gives you the definition of ligands. This shows how strong he is How weak he is. Meaning, there are two links, There are three, you can look and tell which one they are The one with sa is stronger. so this is Spectrochemical Series. was left up I accidentally did that because I I started building the structure myself. Ok? Let us go I have read the carbonyl bond. Look now It requires a lot of coordination We have already talked about compounds. As There are some applications. In minerals, Its use in plants and animal words It happens. Isn't it? in Analytical Chemistry It is used a lot. metallurgy Metallurgy of cheese is done. We Co-ordination The solution is used many times. Biological systems are used in industry There are many more medicines, cancer medicine There are many medicines which are used for coordination Are made from compounds. Ok? back from a Write down your homework. You electronic Configuration and all these things have to be told With the help of crystal field theory. Correct is it right? All right. Allright. So, this is it. That's all about it. The five most I taught you important concepts. First you have Werner's Theory. Seconds Nomenclature came to us. Third came We had an isomerism. The Fourth Came Valence Bond Theory. And the Fifth Came We had the fifth, which means the fifth came to us Which one do you have? Crystal Field Theory. Remember all of these are very important There were concepts. There are many more than this on the boards More questions are asked. I Hope So you will know all these things very well It must have been cleared, friend. not to clear We had come. We came to clear it. one shot So ma'am has left nothing for you Did not teach. If it's a one shot then ma'am didn't take any shot I haven't taught you things while you're flying around No? It could have been finished in 1 hour but maam If it was pulled for 2-2 hours then it was not pulled like this Edge truth just stretches your concept too much I tried to clear it up ok It must have become clear I hope so if it does If yes then write clear in the chat box And solve all the homework questions quietly. from the comment section in the chat box Did you give me the habit of increasing the live before? It has gotten worse and I am going to go live I will tell you the comments, never mind well well Write it in the comments and it is clear as well Whatever questions you have, definitely answer them It's ok to tell you that's it for today. Tata Bye-B See you again in the next concept With the next one shot. see you all in the Next video. Bye-bye. Take care. Funnel Sting please and keep learning.