Well Completion - Lecture Notes

good morning everyone or good afternoon or good evening wherever you are in this part of the world uh this is Ahmed uh I am talking from Cairo Egypt and this course is about well intervention we have been in two session last week this is the third session which will be about will completion uh before we talk about it maybe I will introduce myself quickly to people who first uh join me in in my SS my name is Ahmed lwi I'm a mechanical engineer graduated back in 1983 and um since that time I'm in oil field industry I worked for service companies um I worked in many branches I worked in um wir line and call tubing and um in will testing in compl um I work as a site manager I operation manager director and part of my work is uh is uh creating service companies for investors I did that in many countries uh in the Middle East and uh I am working as an instructor uh since 1995 I teach this course in almost 18 19 country countries around the world and um this course is a well intervention but it is I would say it's a will intervention for the beginners uh not not a condensed course will intervention as it should be for where we teach it to uh or conduct it to engineer who have been years in the oil field industry I understand that the majority of you are just uh still studying uh but uh we will talk it in a simple way well intervention again I always say it is a science of dealing with life FS uh because dealing with life FS you are dealing with a Monas you are dealing with pressure pressure is very hazardous uh very strong very smart so uh if you didn't know how to deal with that you are in deep trouble um so the last two sessions we talk about how to control the well how to deal with the pressure uh how to deal with the gas because in gas is what creates pressure actually without gas there is no no hydrocarbons at the surface and um in this session and next one which will last today will last for one hour or so we will talk about the will completion from the point of view or from of will intervention uh so the objective as you see it is general knowledge we will not go to into details because if you go to details when talk about completion we might stay together maybe three months talking about it um definitely well completion it is the final stage of any drilled will when we drill a well and we turn it over to the completion once you run the compleation then you are ready to produce from this well and the philosophy of the well intervention is to maximize ill profitability without compromising of course with the uh safety and the environment uh why I say is to maximize the profitability because when you design the completion you need to be sure that you are trying your best to get everything single drop of hydrocarbons from deep in the reservoir all the way to the surface these hydrocarbons while traveling from the reservoir which might be 10,000 15,000 20,000 ft away deepen while traveling all the way to the surface it ride the bus the bus is the gas the gas is the driving mechanism for the Drive these liquids all the way to the surface so you have to be sure that the gas which is deep in the well while traveling all the way to the service to the surface he is not traveling alone he is carrying in his hands the oil that we need if a gas comes out alone you are a loser it ends up that you have maybe 70 or 80% of the reservoir still has oil but you cannot get it you need to go to what we call secondary recovery or even sometimes second recovery doesn't work we go to what we call terti recovery before I continue I understand that during the course you might have question question s um while teaching I uh I concentrate on what I'm saying and so I I'm not talking I'm not looking at your chats so I will leave so please any question leave it in that box uh chat and at the end of the session I will look at all this question and answer it one by one so please keep this in your mind keep it and I will look at it at the end of the session uh it is not the way I like but this is the online strategy I always like to uh to teach face to face but uh we cannot do this because you are in different part of the world I cannot be everywhere at the same time unless I'm a magician y so uh back here to the completion we need this smart idea of being able to get every drop of liquid of hydrocarbon all the way to the surface so let us take an example to explain this let us assume that we have a gas wave so let us drill this G well now we need to run completion what size of completion we will run if you are familiar with the completion sizes you might notice that we have wells which is 3 and a half inch to a certain depth then it is 278 then it is 238 some other completion are 3 and a half from A to Z some other compression are 278 from A to Z some other compination are 4 and a half inch So based on what what is the philosophy of selecting a certain diameter or selecting different diameter at certain depths to understand this I will give you this example of a gaswell that we drill once we drilled it we decide to run four and half inch completion so let us assume that this is a 4 in completion we run it in the hole after running the completion we are ready to produce from this well let us produce from this well now we are producing gas right the gas any gas well when you are producing from a gas a gas does not come alone it comes with two liquid with it do you know the two liquids that come with the gas I'll give you a 30 second to think of to tell me what are the two liquids that normally comes with the gas all the way to the surface water and oil I will give you uh water and oil okay any other Answers by the way water and oil is not bad but it is not uh you are engineers so you have to to be precise in your wording you should say water and condensate it is true that condensate is oil yes but condensate is a very very pure oil you can drink it it is pure no but you are right water and oil let us say it is water and condensate right so gas while traveling it takes in right hand the condensate and in his hand left hand the water and is traveling all the way to the surface El gas to be able to do that he has to have enough velocity to do it if a gas doesn't have this velocity so in the middle of the way he will close his eyes open his hands to get rid of this heavy lift he has to be able to travel alone all the way to the surface so it is true that at the end you are getting pure gas but this water and condensate that you lift it it start to accumulate hydrostatic head till it reach that hydrostatic head is greater than formation uh pressure the well is dead when the well is dead you say no problem let us get a CO tubing unit run the coil run a coil and then inject nitrogen so nitrogen comes out of the Coil Tubing lift the liquid all the way to the surface to reduce the hydrostatic head to reach a hydrostatic head less than the formation pressure the is producing again come on this solution you just did is a temporary one because the same story will happen again right okay I'm just listening any the same story will happen again water and the S will be dropped creating hydrostatic Hill The Kill the will so every a couple of months or three months you have to do the same job so it is better to admit that you make a mistake Your Design is bad instead of running four and a half inch completion on that particular one you should run three and a half inch by running three and a half inch you reduce the damer reducing the area by doing that you increase the velocity the relation between the damor and the velocity is when you increase the dam you reduce the velocity and vice versa when you decrease the diameter you increase the velocity so by reducing the diameter from four and half to three and half you increased in velocity so the gas can carry out this liquid all the way to the surface to do that actually you have to kill the will bring a work over rig pull the completion uh buy a new compleation three and a half inch run it back and which is a process that will cost you time and money we have Alternatives of this maybe it was not the course to talk about it but we have other alternative that this is the 4 and a half inch completion so uh we can bring C tubing which is maybe 278 like this one 278 for example and we run this 278 inside the 4 and a half inch completion and now we can produce from the small compation we created which is the call tubing but 278 so now you are producing from the 278 how to do that yes we run a call tubing without going into detail we run the C tubing to the certain deps then we cut the C tubing from the surface and we hang it with what we call C tubing tubing C tubing hunger now your call tubing which is 278 is your completion string and you produce from the 278 now we call and this compilation we call it monobore compation because it's mono mono means single because it doesn't have any accessories it doesn't have lending that hav had SSD SPM but we still need to have these accessories but yes we have special accessories for this particular new completion we created but it is not the course to talk about if we have time later on maybe we can discuss it yeah but the aim of this example is to tell you that one of the factors that selecting the diameter of the compleation we run is the velocity we need to get this money which is the hydrocarbons all the way to the surface free of charge without paying money by second recovery or even terti recovery what is the function of complaint all these are functional compression the main function of the compression is to produce hydrocarbon to surfice or the river injection fluid to formation sometimes we need to treat this formation with a special fluid special treatment like acids or something then we do this through compilation these main function requirement must be built into the conceptual design and include protecting the production casing from formation pressure that's why we have imp parer imp parer is to isolate this upper part of casing from the hydrocarbons or or from the treating fluid we are running through the completion we are protecting our casing protecting the casing from corrosion attack by Will flows will flow is corrosive definitely uh preventing a hydrocarbon escape to surface we need a certain route for the hydrocarbons first day we we discussed barrier envelope that we need the hydrocarbons from being in the reservoir entering my all the way till it comes out in a certain route that's why we create this barrier envelope so it will not make shortcuts uh producing single or multiple Zone fting uh uh simulation acidizing or fracturing we do this through compleation uh compation type we mainly have three types of well we have a well that we produce from we have a well that we inject into like water injection or a well we use it to kill we have kill Wills we we we sometimes drill a will to kill a will and what you see in front of you are different type of completion we have what we call open Hall we we have slotted liner we have gravel back we have cemented cased and perforated uh the difference between these if we talk about the open hole one the open hole one uh if you look at this gray area which is the the pon the pon is where the reservoir our Reservoir is there is no uh tubing in front of it so you are producing from the whole area while the slotted liner is this is we do it especially for uh Sandstone formation where when we produce from what comes out with the hydrocarbon is sand this sand when it comes with this High Velocity it hits the tubing and when it enter the production tubing it it it eats it it erod it with the surfing surface pipe system as well so to minimize this erosion and uh try to extend the life of this tubing we we use we put this sloted liner what is the sloted liner is a pipe like that but it has a lot of slots slots all around there so when hydrocarbons comes out of the reservoir it hits this sloted light and sand when the sand hits the pipe the sand fall down and what goes into this slots is the hydrocarbons so it's a kind of filtration the same concept is the gravel back the gravel back is where we put small stones we take this from the nature actually water wells so this small stones we put it in top of the perforation on in front of the perforation sorry and then when hydrocarbons came out into my well it hits this Stone so in sand fall down and what goes between the grains these tiny roads between the grains is the hydrocarbon so a gravel back and the slotted liner is a kind of filtration system we use to filter this sand uh not to erad my pipe while traveling all the way to the surface and we have the last one what we call cemented cased and perforated is where we even have production we have a tubing we have a casing this case and go through the Perforating the uh the pay Zone and then we perforate so hydrocarbons both these from these nodes entering my word we might have a single production Zone what you see here is a different type of single production Zone the first one you see here is a single completion single completion we have one zone one producing Zone and one single completion we produce from the second one we call it single selective interval where we had two formations but one completion in this example you we are producing from the lower from the lower Zone the following example you are producing from the upper Zone only because if you notice on this production tubing at the end we put a Wireline plug and we open an SSD here sliding side door so we are opening from we are producing from the upper Zone through the SSD into the completion here in this example last example we are producing from both zones so no plug in the production tubing and SSD is open so we are producing from both Zone at the same time we use the same technique when we have multiple Zone this is the same technique when we run a compleation we run it with a lot of accessories these accessories are these colorful stuff you see it in this sketch uh we put these devices into five groups uh uh based on the uh the use of each one you for example we have a device We call we have a group we call it circulating device in this circulating device group we put everything we run into the compleation for the purpose of circulation can you tell me guys in this group circulation device Group which devices I can put under this group that we run in the completion to give us the ability to circulate or communicate between the tubing and the anulus I waiting your answers if you have any answer exactly people some of you I have a question and what what is the space between the call tubing and the tubing this this question was related the uh the 4 and a half inch completion that I run and we run 278 the clearance will be between 278 and four and a half maybe your choice is not 278 by the way maybe your choice will be 2 38 or three and a half uh and the clearance will be between the two sizes between 3 and half 4 and half or 278 for and half uh to answer people who answer my question S one of you guys Ali said nipples no Ali not nipples and nipples is not to circulate or communicate in nipples is to receive a flow control devices but yes Emy it is the SSD not the G left Mandel as you mentioned but it is the side pocket Mand C Mand we can put circulation device gas lift device differential K device we'll talk about that later on but yes it is the SSD and side pocket M and we have a group we call it uh isolation device where we put everything here that we use it to isolate and then we put a group we call it antien device and then the last group we call it other where we put there everything else that we cannot classify it into one of these groups so if we start from the beginning anchoring device anchoring means it is a device that it uh that it anchor uh FL to receive it is to receive a flow control device which I mentioned while ago this is the landing nipple Landing lipple the the main purpose of the landing nipple is to receive a well control device and in any compleation you might notice that we will have more than one Landing Neo maybe two maybe five maybe seven I don't know it depends on the design but don't let what is written there like here top no go nipple so people understand when we say no go that mean nothing will pass so how Ahmed you put on the top of the completion a noo nipple so nothing will pass no the the noo means actually that anything will pass except her own device will not go a shoulder in the landing mle will stop the device will stop which device their own device but everything can pass it is based on sizes so uh Landing nipple is mainly to receive a flow control the and uh one day I was in one of the lecture and then I had this question to one of the guys uh and the question was saying what is the main purpose of the landing nipple and he has to select one of four answers for a statement he select a statement saying that to correlate a depth and definitely he took zero in his question and uh then he start complaining that uh he he has been working as a wire Li for the past 15 years and he is using a landing nipple to correlate his lips my answer to him was I totally believe you I know that I did it myself but this is not the main purpose of it she is doing that I mean the landing nipple is doing that that means is doing the correlation of the depth she is doing that as a favor to you but this is not in her job description if you read the job description of the landing nipple you will not see that one of the one of her activities is to correlate depth but you will see clearly in a capital letter bow it is to with it is to receive in flow control devices in flow control devices is mainly the is Valves and plugs but yes it is true that she is correlate we use it to correlate depth but this is a sub consider this is a favor not not not not in her circulating device as I mentioned we have SSD sliding side door sliding sleeve and side pocket man isolation device I the word when you hear the word isolation all what should be in your mind is parer parer is to isolate if you look at this sketch this is the Parker at the bottom here what is below this Parker anyone knows what's below this Parker can I get an answer if you please can you help me answer in this question what is below this Parker what what is this part below the Parker what we call it I receive one answer any more answers I received two more answerers the first answer said low completion the other answer is entry guide the third answer is meu no more answers entry guide or M actually this this last bottom part you see it the the last bottom part here this is we call it the the entry guide or the M but I'm talking about this one yes it is low compleation I would call it bottom compilation look guys the uh I'm I'm I have uh 26 participant but three only answer the questions but the rest are just listening huh T the uh the Parker is the line anything above the Parker we call it top completion which is hanged by tubing hunger this is the tubing hunger you see it here the tubing hunger hang the top completion all the way up to the Parker so what is on top of the Parker we call it top completion which is hanged by the tubing hunger what is below the Parker we call it bottom completion or tail pipe which is hanged by elaka but then in the exercise I'll give you a question what is the purpose of the par and then you said you select an answer saying that it hangs the bottom of completion for this answer I'll give you a big big big zero like that because this is not the purpose of the par it does this yes it does this as a favor for you but this is not the main function of the par then the main function of the Parker is to isolate to isolate the upper part of the casing this is the main purpose of it we have some other devices which isolate also like tubing cell assembly and the bbr bbr stands for Polish B receptical uh by the way any each piece of each equipment I'm talking about now or I mention it now we will talk about it a little bit later on but let us finish all of them then we'll start talk about each one separately an anti-erosion device we have two devices we have blast joint and we have a flu coupling a blast joint it is this blue color piece of pipe you see it in front of the formation what is the purpose what it is it is a pipe it has the same idea of the tube but it has a bigger wall thickness if this is a normal pipe which is in front of the perforation when you start producing from the well this production with a lot of sand coming out it erode the outer surface of the tubing after few months this part of the tubing will have a lot of holes so it's like a knit now what should you do now kill the will bring over cover rig pull the completion change damage PA with a new one run it back which is a lot of waste of time waste of money so instead from day one when we run we run this blast joint which has a wall thickness heavy wall thickness so it will withstand this its it will last longer if if the normal one will withstand six seven months it might stand 5 six years and sometimes we do it by the way with the same same thickness but different material like carbide or ceramic this is the blast joint so we have also a flow coupling we'll talk about the flow coupling the other piece that we cannot classify into one of these groups it is like a Wireline entry guide perforated joint a control line and the teaming hunger uh in our mission we need to talk about uh each piece or each each accessories of these just a little bit to have a general knowledge but before we talk about it we need to discuss something very important uh when we as a production people receive a will from a drilling Department because once they drill the will they hand it over to the production so they can run a completion and produce from this well you as a production man or production engineer production supervisor when you see if this drilled well from a drilling engineer or drilling supervisor first thing to do with this well is to give him a shower I'm joking of course but what I'm saying is you have to clean the well why because when you receive this well from a drilling Department it is full of rubbish yeah if you are at the surface and this is your drill well if you look like here like this to see what's in the bottom what you'll see in the bottom deas scale grease Ty wraps ring gaskets O-rings uh just imagine all kind of rubbish so if you produce with this rubbish there you're going to destroy your Reservoir you're going to destroy your your completion you're going to damage your surface facilities so first thing when you receive a well from the drilling Department with all my respect to the drilling team of course y please clean your well carefully to get out of all this rubbage that they gave you with this drilled well if you didn't clean it well this is what we might get at the end is robard equipment malfunction incorrect gauge reading incorrect barrier test reasons the completion is two parts one part is below the surface below surface the other part is above ground what is above ground is the will H and the Christmas tree of for several years working in all field Industries International well well organizations I was under the impression that both Wellhead and Christmas tree has the same meaning you what is this this is a Wellhead or this is a Christmas tree is the same till I found out that I'm am wrong when I got the correct knowledge I came to know that will head is the components of tubing hunger tubing head casing hungers casing head where on top of that we put the Christmas tree the Christmas tree is the group of valves that control the will flow the connection between a Christmas tree and the willp we call it thf tubing head flange and this tubing head flange where we uh adjust our contract to zero while running cold tubing or wir line it is true that sometimes we refer to the whole thing uh as as a will head but engineering wise the will head and Christmas tree are two different parts the connection between them is the thf tubing head flange you guys if you went to the locations or to you see Christmas tree or will hiad in reality or maybe in your study you might notice that there is a hole or there is a a hole around the wad of the Christmas tree this one we call it s any idea what is the purpose of the S can anyone of you tell me what's the purpose of the Sellar which is this whole around the Wellhead waiting your answers no answers yet I receive nothing so far at least if you don't know write me I don't know so I know that you are you are the there I'm not talking to the sky I'm talking to people who are listening to me or try to communicate with me yes don't know thank you very much I have no idea great to provide additional height between rig floor and it will head for for easy access to the valves I like this answer to contain the will heads and Spills ah you destroy your answer yeah if you say to container will head I would give you the the $10 but and the Spells then I need $10 from you you destroy your your answer to provide additional height between the floor and the whe head okay to contain the whe head andp okay let us let us go what is the purpose of this self let us forget about the self let us assume that this is our ground little let us drill now when we drill a will from here so we're going to start putting the will heads the will head which is uh a modules of different valves based on how many case casing you have and then on top of that you will put the Christmas tree so the height of the Christmas tree now is too high to go there to try to open or close and evolve you need to have wings so you can fly to reach the Christmas tree over there to solve this issue this is our ground level so we drill this hole this is the hole we drill so we start now from the bottom of this hole with drill we start putting the wo heads then we start putting the Christmas tree so now the Christmas tree is Handy for me so the main purpose of the Sellar is to accommodate a will head height so Christmas tree is Handy and by the way if I pass by a will and if the Sellar is not full of Sands I can see the bottom of the from the depth of the CER I can tell you if this will is deep or shallow why because the depth of this sillar actually is between 3 feet and 15 based on how many casing you have in a shallow will you don't have so many casing you might have surface casing only so you have only one valve on the on top of it but if you have a deepo you will have surface casing maybe intermediate casing and then production casing you will have more whe heads so to accommodate this height you have to dig a deeper seller inhow the depth of the seller is related to the depth of the well and the main purpose of the seller actually is to accommodate the will head height so Christmas tree is Handy what you see in front of you now is a Christmas tree of course uh from the bottom to up the the very bottom valve we call it lower Master valve lower Master valve is a manual valve and it is not an Optimum working valve and I always say in my courses if you see someone who is going to close the lower Master Val ask him to stop and let him tell him please come make your hands like that and then you do tell him don't do that again this is your Lamborghini or Lamborghini some people doesn't understand what Lamborghini is I have to say it Lamborghini which is a very fancy car very expensive one this one it is always in your garage when you go to work every day you go to with your Hyundai 79 model you take this Lamborghini during the weekends only when you go and meet your girlfriend and have a tour then you drop hair at home you go back home put the Lamborghini in the garage the following day you are using hyai 79 because you can accommodate the maintenance and the course the running course of the hyai but you cannot accommodate the the maintenance and running coast of the Lamb Virginia or Ferrari so please notice this is any I I said that in my in the in the first course and in all my courses I said two devices please put it in your left hand pocket and zip it don't touch it unless you are forced to these two devices are downhole city valve and the lower muscle valve and an emergency when everything is black in front of you and you have to open your pocket to use one of them which one you take first is the lower most of keep the down hold to the all last last so please don't touch this unless you are forced to don't spoil it by using the frequently because if this one is damaged you are in deep trouble you don't have any barrier below so you can fix it but we normally use the one which is above which is the upper Master valve the upper Master valve is always pneumatic and H hydraulic and this is the working valve this is normally the valve we use uh and this is the only valve that works pneumatically or Hydra and that's why first day we said this is the the one that cuts it has the shearing capability it has the Shing capability because it is not by hand it is it is it has more power which is the air or the hydraulic power then we have this cross where we go this direction this direction this direction if you go this direction you will see here what we call kill valve we use it for killing operation it is connected to the kill pump many Christmas tree doesn't have this and instead of the kill valve they put a blind flange and if they need to kill the well they kill it from the Christmas tree from the sve wall from Top here on the other side we have a production will valve then we have here a choke the choke which control the flow of the W no flow half flow three4 flow full flow whatever and between this choke valve the the choke and the production Wing valve or flowing valve we have a valve here we call it SSV SSV stands for surface safety valve surface safety valve um some people in the field they call it activat fine but if he if you disagree with if you didn't understand stand each other we should go to the origin SSV surface safety valve then on the top we have what we call here sve valve or crown valve uh the sve valve has nothing to do with the production of the whe the swap valve is mainly there to be able to rig up and rig down well intervention equipment which is fire line call tubing or snubbing and by the way uh all pressure control equipment is designed to withstand a pressure from a direction of flow Christmas tree valve is a unique Christmas tree valve is designed to with the stand will pressure from both Direction that's why for example swap valve while production swap valve is closed now the swap valve it is to withstand the pressure from below will well pressure that hits before it goes to the production facility but when we R up will intervention whatever it is wi line or call tubing and we need to test this equipment we tested again it close the swap valve where we appli pressure from above so the swap valve is to is designed to withstand pressure from below and above the upper Master valve is the same the lower must valve is the same uh on top of this swap valve we have the three cap here and the gug let us have a a Wireline job on reg operation and these Wireline need to rig up their equipment so one of the Wireline team should go there go to this quick connection be sure the gauge is zero and then take out this connection which is hand tight to put the cross over then start connecting the rest of his equipment and let us see this scenario where this gentleman or lady they went he went to top and he found that this gauge which is which is on the top here is broken so what he did he closed the needle valve below he took this damage valve out he grabbed a bre brand new gauge he put it in open the Val see that it works and then he bleed off the pressure and disconnect the cup if I am the supervisor in this location and I knew that he did that I should fire him why people ask me why what mistakes he did what what do you need him to do technically he did exactly everything right I would tell him to do the same steps he did to change this V this gaau but what the Fatal mistake he did he did that alone he didn't inform us us means the team yeah if we are a crew of five and each one did what he think is the best for the job we are not in oil field industry we are in a circus he should inform his team um I have a company here in Egypt it's a service company and I'm the managing director of that company so uh when I go uh outside the office we have a group on the WhatsApp so I sent to my engineer on that group uh gentlemen uh I'm going to meet this customer uh to try to sign the invoice that he kept it in his drawer for the last two months and then I will go have lunch with my girlfriend in in the restaurant what is the benefits I got from this little message I sent although I am the managing director that I might receive a reply from one of the engineer Mr Ahmed do not go meet that Customer because I was sitting with him last night at the the cafe and he signed the he signed the invoice ready so he saved me this bad look when I meet the client that guys you didn't meet with you didn't see each other or what I signed the I signed the invoice last night already and also one of the other team members in my group will said that Mr Ahmed do not go to the restaurant because uh my wife your wife put a a tracking system in your car and she is following you so I save my life right so uh it's very important that we work in a team and everyone should know what others are doing that's why I have to fire him um the other thing I would like to mention here before we move from this slide that uh if it is wir line yes it is nice that you will remove this cap and then put your over but if I am doing a c tubing job I will not remove this cap no in call tubing I have to remove this flange so I have to to take all this stud bolts and nuts out so it ends up a flange my crossover should be flange to flange call tubing API standards now every single connection from this from the C tree all the way to the sky has to be flange to flash the reason for that I believe thre doesn't with understand the talk and if the connection thread as long as you are 90 Dee on the ground you have no problem but in colding this is not doesn't happen you always do like that all what you need for the disaster is one degree of 90 this one degree of 90 will give you a force if this is your connection below and then you have several uh risers and you have the injector the injector is six ton so if it is off 90 so the weight create the the force or the Thor created at the the connection below is the distance times the weight thread is not designed to withstand this to flange is designed to withstand this to time is running I don't believe that I've been talking for an hour now uh I have to close my eyes and dealing like I'm blind and I'm not reading this so I escape this uh this slides when we talk about a will head which we said it is modules when we start if it is if we have a surface casing then what you're going to put surface casing head where inside the surface casing head you will put a surface casing hunger this surface casing hunger which is the brown color you see here which hangs the yellow uh stuff here which is the surface casing uh if you intend to run after that production casing then you have to put on top production casing hunger where inside it you will put production casing hunger which hang the green color production casing if you are running completion then on top of that you have to put production tubing head where inside it you're going to put tubing hunger this is the tubing hunger which hang production tubing and this is what we call tubing hit flange where you're going to put on top of it in christm tree uh a tubing hunger from its name it is to hangle production tubing and to be more precise it is to hang top completion only because the bottom completion we said it is hanged by the Parker and also it has a profile inside it to put what we call BBV back pressure valve back pressure valve we use it as a barrier sometimes we we need to put it in order to change the Christmas tree if the Christmas tree is damaged or leaking maybe this is the last thing to talk about before we end up our session today is based on what we select our production tubic when we go to the supermarket to buy a production tubing we have to decide which type we we buy uh our selection is based on so many things actually these things are the production rate will depth in use of your Wireline tools how you pass is on the pressure that would can withstand and the temperature which can withstand high temperature low temperature high pressure low pressure it depends on the grade that's why you select the grade of the material you are using on the tension you're going to apply to Bar limit of this tubing the collapse resistance of this tubing a compression that can withstand uh coupling that you are using corrosion can can it withstand corrosion that's why for example uh some completion are we call it nine Chrome nine Chrome means what it has 9% Chrome some other completion are 13 Chrome or 25 Chrome 25 means 25% Chrome why Chrome because the Chrome is to withstand the H to and CO2 so uh the simulation loads on that tubing erosion so all these factors govern the way we're going to select which production tubing we are looking for uh for example yeah let us let us run completion to 15,000 ft what hold the weight of the 15,000 ft of production tubing at the surface it is the tubing hunger the tubing hunger is what holds in weight of the 15,000 please go below tubing hung this part of the pipe this part of the production tubing is hang 14,999 of tubing weight if it cannot withstand the P script and this is what we call ail strength of the P of the material what is theil strength theile strength in a very simple way it is the ability of the pipe to withstand its weight otherwise it will be elongated and split H one hour passed quickly uh I will stop here for today and uh we'll continue Tuesday 6:30 but before I leave I need to see if you have any questions uh that I can answer I have two questions so far where we can get the PDF of the lecture and is lecture upload in YouTube so I I am understand yes but the one to answer this question is Dr ahmedi Who I believe he will answer you this question I'm not the party who handled this issue are sure all the lectures uploaded to PTO YouTube channel so you can you can find the recording maximum by tomorrow on on YouTube Petro I have another question from H hello how can we remove the problem if it is found in the will through the Christmas tree your question is not clear what what it depends on what what problem you have in the world you do you know how many issues you might have down hall each one of them has a certain way to solve but I you have to be precise which problem you have uh but through Christmas tree fishing operation all yeah fishing operation for example if you lost tools in the hole this is the problem how you solve it through the Christmas Tre yes you you you you bring will intervention call tuing for example or Eline sometimes or bra line sometimes and rig up on the Christmas tree and then run in the hall to finish this tools that you have down hall and you pull it out sometimes we bring snubbing units to do that if the cold tuming are not able so this is one of the problem this is this is what you talk about or something else in your mind I me does the use of flange to flange connection relates to Wireline pressure control equipment no Amy this is the for call tubing only up till today wire line is allowed to use the threat connection which is acne threats I believe because there is no weight the Christmas tree doesn't have weight but the call tubing does have what are the remedes if a Parker do not isolate the lower completion El parer does not isolate the lower completion El parer is to isolate the upper part of the casing this is the main purpose of the Parker if the Parker is leaking and it doesn't do this function what you have to do is to pull the compilation replace the Parker put new one and run back uh this is the all question I have Dr Ahmed so please uh advise me if I should leave or you need me anymore thank you very much and have a wonderful day when we will see you again when is the next lecture h t Tuesday 6:30 okay so we will see you Tuesday 6:30 thank you very much okay Dr Ahmed thank you very much thank you guys see you Tuesday inshallah

good morning everyone or good afternoon or good evening wherever you are in this part of the world uh this is Ahmed uh I am talking from Cairo Egypt and this course is about well intervention we have been in two session last week this is the third session which will be about will completion uh before we talk about it maybe I will introduce myself quickly to people who first uh join me in in my SS my name is Ahmed lwi I&#39;m a mechanical engineer graduated back in 1983 and um since that time I&#39;m in oil field industry I worked for service companies um I worked in many branches I worked in um wir line and call tubing and um in will testing in compl um I work as a site manager I operation manager director and part of my work is uh is uh creating service companies for investors I did that in many countries uh in the Middle East and uh I am working as an instructor uh since 1995 I teach this course in almost 18 19 country countries around the world and um this course is a well intervention but it is I would say it&#39;s a will intervention for the beginners uh not not a condensed course will intervention as it should be for where we teach it to uh or conduct it to engineer who have been years in the oil field industry I understand that the majority of you are just uh still studying uh but uh we will talk it in a simple way well intervention again I always say it is a science of dealing with life FS uh because dealing with life FS you are dealing with a Monas you are dealing with pressure pressure is very hazardous uh very strong very smart so uh if you didn&#39;t know how to deal with that you are in deep trouble um so the last two sessions we talk about how to control the well how to deal with the pressure uh how to deal with the gas because in gas is what creates pressure actually without gas there is no no hydrocarbons at the surface and um in this session and next one which will last today will last for one hour or so we will talk about the will completion from the point of view or from of will intervention uh so the objective as you see it is general knowledge we will not go to into details because if you go to details when talk about completion we might stay together maybe three months talking about it um definitely well completion it is the final stage of any drilled will when we drill a well and we turn it over to the completion once you run the compleation then you are ready to produce from this well and the philosophy of the well intervention is to maximize ill profitability without compromising of course with the uh safety and the environment uh why I say is to maximize the profitability because when you design the completion you need to be sure that you are trying your best to get everything single drop of hydrocarbons from deep in the reservoir all the way to the surface these hydrocarbons while traveling from the reservoir which might be 10,000 15,000 20,000 ft away deepen while traveling all the way to the surface it ride the bus the bus is the gas the gas is the driving mechanism for the Drive these liquids all the way to the surface so you have to be sure that the gas which is deep in the well while traveling all the way to the service to the surface he is not traveling alone he is carrying in his hands the oil that we need if a gas comes out alone you are a loser it ends up that you have maybe 70 or 80% of the reservoir still has oil but you cannot get it you need to go to what we call secondary recovery or even sometimes second recovery doesn&#39;t work we go to what we call terti recovery before I continue I understand that during the course you might have question question s um while teaching I uh I concentrate on what I&#39;m saying and so I I&#39;m not talking I&#39;m not looking at your chats so I will leave so please any question leave it in that box uh chat and at the end of the session I will look at all this question and answer it one by one so please keep this in your mind keep it and I will look at it at the end of the session uh it is not the way I like but this is the online strategy I always like to uh to teach face to face but uh we cannot do this because you are in different part of the world I cannot be everywhere at the same time unless I&#39;m a magician y so uh back here to the completion we need this smart idea of being able to get every drop of liquid of hydrocarbon all the way to the surface so let us take an example to explain this let us assume that we have a gas wave so let us drill this G well now we need to run completion what size of completion we will run if you are familiar with the completion sizes you might notice that we have wells which is 3 and a half inch to a certain depth then it is 278 then it is 238 some other completion are 3 and a half from A to Z some other compression are 278 from A to Z some other compination are 4 and a half inch So based on what what is the philosophy of selecting a certain diameter or selecting different diameter at certain depths to understand this I will give you this example of a gaswell that we drill once we drilled it we decide to run four and half inch completion so let us assume that this is a 4 in completion we run it in the hole after running the completion we are ready to produce from this well let us produce from this well now we are producing gas right the gas any gas well when you are producing from a gas a gas does not come alone it comes with two liquid with it do you know the two liquids that come with the gas I&#39;ll give you a 30 second to think of to tell me what are the two liquids that normally comes with the gas all the way to the surface water and oil I will give you uh water and oil okay any other Answers by the way water and oil is not bad but it is not uh you are engineers so you have to to be precise in your wording you should say water and condensate it is true that condensate is oil yes but condensate is a very very pure oil you can drink it it is pure no but you are right water and oil let us say it is water and condensate right so gas while traveling it takes in right hand the condensate and in his hand left hand the water and is traveling all the way to the surface El gas to be able to do that he has to have enough velocity to do it if a gas doesn&#39;t have this velocity so in the middle of the way he will close his eyes open his hands to get rid of this heavy lift he has to be able to travel alone all the way to the surface so it is true that at the end you are getting pure gas but this water and condensate that you lift it it start to accumulate hydrostatic head till it reach that hydrostatic head is greater than formation uh pressure the well is dead when the well is dead you say no problem let us get a CO tubing unit run the coil run a coil and then inject nitrogen so nitrogen comes out of the Coil Tubing lift the liquid all the way to the surface to reduce the hydrostatic head to reach a hydrostatic head less than the formation pressure the is producing again come on this solution you just did is a temporary one because the same story will happen again right okay I&#39;m just listening any the same story will happen again water and the S will be dropped creating hydrostatic Hill The Kill the will so every a couple of months or three months you have to do the same job so it is better to admit that you make a mistake Your Design is bad instead of running four and a half inch completion on that particular one you should run three and a half inch by running three and a half inch you reduce the damer reducing the area by doing that you increase the velocity the relation between the damor and the velocity is when you increase the dam you reduce the velocity and vice versa when you decrease the diameter you increase the velocity so by reducing the diameter from four and half to three and half you increased in velocity so the gas can carry out this liquid all the way to the surface to do that actually you have to kill the will bring a work over rig pull the completion uh buy a new compleation three and a half inch run it back and which is a process that will cost you time and money we have Alternatives of this maybe it was not the course to talk about it but we have other alternative that this is the 4 and a half inch completion so uh we can bring C tubing which is maybe 278 like this one 278 for example and we run this 278 inside the 4 and a half inch completion and now we can produce from the small compation we created which is the call tubing but 278 so now you are producing from the 278 how to do that yes we run a call tubing without going into detail we run the C tubing to the certain deps then we cut the C tubing from the surface and we hang it with what we call C tubing tubing C tubing hunger now your call tubing which is 278 is your completion string and you produce from the 278 now we call and this compilation we call it monobore compation because it&#39;s mono mono means single because it doesn&#39;t have any accessories it doesn&#39;t have lending that hav had SSD SPM but we still need to have these accessories but yes we have special accessories for this particular new completion we created but it is not the course to talk about if we have time later on maybe we can discuss it yeah but the aim of this example is to tell you that one of the factors that selecting the diameter of the compleation we run is the velocity we need to get this money which is the hydrocarbons all the way to the surface free of charge without paying money by second recovery or even terti recovery what is the function of complaint all these are functional compression the main function of the compression is to produce hydrocarbon to surfice or the river injection fluid to formation sometimes we need to treat this formation with a special fluid special treatment like acids or something then we do this through compilation these main function requirement must be built into the conceptual design and include protecting the production casing from formation pressure that&#39;s why we have imp parer imp parer is to isolate this upper part of casing from the hydrocarbons or or from the treating fluid we are running through the completion we are protecting our casing protecting the casing from corrosion attack by Will flows will flow is corrosive definitely uh preventing a hydrocarbon escape to surface we need a certain route for the hydrocarbons first day we we discussed barrier envelope that we need the hydrocarbons from being in the reservoir entering my all the way till it comes out in a certain route that&#39;s why we create this barrier envelope so it will not make shortcuts uh producing single or multiple Zone fting uh uh simulation acidizing or fracturing we do this through compleation uh compation type we mainly have three types of well we have a well that we produce from we have a well that we inject into like water injection or a well we use it to kill we have kill Wills we we we sometimes drill a will to kill a will and what you see in front of you are different type of completion we have what we call open Hall we we have slotted liner we have gravel back we have cemented cased and perforated uh the difference between these if we talk about the open hole one the open hole one uh if you look at this gray area which is the the pon the pon is where the reservoir our Reservoir is there is no uh tubing in front of it so you are producing from the whole area while the slotted liner is this is we do it especially for uh Sandstone formation where when we produce from what comes out with the hydrocarbon is sand this sand when it comes with this High Velocity it hits the tubing and when it enter the production tubing it it it eats it it erod it with the surfing surface pipe system as well so to minimize this erosion and uh try to extend the life of this tubing we we use we put this sloted liner what is the sloted liner is a pipe like that but it has a lot of slots slots all around there so when hydrocarbons comes out of the reservoir it hits this sloted light and sand when the sand hits the pipe the sand fall down and what goes into this slots is the hydrocarbons so it&#39;s a kind of filtration the same concept is the gravel back the gravel back is where we put small stones we take this from the nature actually water wells so this small stones we put it in top of the perforation on in front of the perforation sorry and then when hydrocarbons came out into my well it hits this Stone so in sand fall down and what goes between the grains these tiny roads between the grains is the hydrocarbon so a gravel back and the slotted liner is a kind of filtration system we use to filter this sand uh not to erad my pipe while traveling all the way to the surface and we have the last one what we call cemented cased and perforated is where we even have production we have a tubing we have a casing this case and go through the Perforating the uh the pay Zone and then we perforate so hydrocarbons both these from these nodes entering my word we might have a single production Zone what you see here is a different type of single production Zone the first one you see here is a single completion single completion we have one zone one producing Zone and one single completion we produce from the second one we call it single selective interval where we had two formations but one completion in this example you we are producing from the lower from the lower Zone the following example you are producing from the upper Zone only because if you notice on this production tubing at the end we put a Wireline plug and we open an SSD here sliding side door so we are opening from we are producing from the upper Zone through the SSD into the completion here in this example last example we are producing from both zones so no plug in the production tubing and SSD is open so we are producing from both Zone at the same time we use the same technique when we have multiple Zone this is the same technique when we run a compleation we run it with a lot of accessories these accessories are these colorful stuff you see it in this sketch uh we put these devices into five groups uh uh based on the uh the use of each one you for example we have a device We call we have a group we call it circulating device in this circulating device group we put everything we run into the compleation for the purpose of circulation can you tell me guys in this group circulation device Group which devices I can put under this group that we run in the completion to give us the ability to circulate or communicate between the tubing and the anulus I waiting your answers if you have any answer exactly people some of you I have a question and what what is the space between the call tubing and the tubing this this question was related the uh the 4 and a half inch completion that I run and we run 278 the clearance will be between 278 and four and a half maybe your choice is not 278 by the way maybe your choice will be 2 38 or three and a half uh and the clearance will be between the two sizes between 3 and half 4 and half or 278 for and half uh to answer people who answer my question S one of you guys Ali said nipples no Ali not nipples and nipples is not to circulate or communicate in nipples is to receive a flow control devices but yes Emy it is the SSD not the G left Mandel as you mentioned but it is the side pocket Mand C Mand we can put circulation device gas lift device differential K device we&#39;ll talk about that later on but yes it is the SSD and side pocket M and we have a group we call it uh isolation device where we put everything here that we use it to isolate and then we put a group we call it antien device and then the last group we call it other where we put there everything else that we cannot classify it into one of these groups so if we start from the beginning anchoring device anchoring means it is a device that it uh that it anchor uh FL to receive it is to receive a flow control device which I mentioned while ago this is the landing nipple Landing lipple the the main purpose of the landing nipple is to receive a well control device and in any compleation you might notice that we will have more than one Landing Neo maybe two maybe five maybe seven I don&#39;t know it depends on the design but don&#39;t let what is written there like here top no go nipple so people understand when we say no go that mean nothing will pass so how Ahmed you put on the top of the completion a noo nipple so nothing will pass no the the noo means actually that anything will pass except her own device will not go a shoulder in the landing mle will stop the device will stop which device their own device but everything can pass it is based on sizes so uh Landing nipple is mainly to receive a flow control the and uh one day I was in one of the lecture and then I had this question to one of the guys uh and the question was saying what is the main purpose of the landing nipple and he has to select one of four answers for a statement he select a statement saying that to correlate a depth and definitely he took zero in his question and uh then he start complaining that uh he he has been working as a wire Li for the past 15 years and he is using a landing nipple to correlate his lips my answer to him was I totally believe you I know that I did it myself but this is not the main purpose of it she is doing that I mean the landing nipple is doing that that means is doing the correlation of the depth she is doing that as a favor to you but this is not in her job description if you read the job description of the landing nipple you will not see that one of the one of her activities is to correlate depth but you will see clearly in a capital letter bow it is to with it is to receive in flow control devices in flow control devices is mainly the is Valves and plugs but yes it is true that she is correlate we use it to correlate depth but this is a sub consider this is a favor not not not not in her circulating device as I mentioned we have SSD sliding side door sliding sleeve and side pocket man isolation device I the word when you hear the word isolation all what should be in your mind is parer parer is to isolate if you look at this sketch this is the Parker at the bottom here what is below this Parker anyone knows what&#39;s below this Parker can I get an answer if you please can you help me answer in this question what is below this Parker what what is this part below the Parker what we call it I receive one answer any more answers I received two more answerers the first answer said low completion the other answer is entry guide the third answer is meu no more answers entry guide or M actually this this last bottom part you see it the the last bottom part here this is we call it the the entry guide or the M but I&#39;m talking about this one yes it is low compleation I would call it bottom compilation look guys the uh I&#39;m I&#39;m I have uh 26 participant but three only answer the questions but the rest are just listening huh T the uh the Parker is the line anything above the Parker we call it top completion which is hanged by tubing hunger this is the tubing hunger you see it here the tubing hunger hang the top completion all the way up to the Parker so what is on top of the Parker we call it top completion which is hanged by the tubing hunger what is below the Parker we call it bottom completion or tail pipe which is hanged by elaka but then in the exercise I&#39;ll give you a question what is the purpose of the par and then you said you select an answer saying that it hangs the bottom of completion for this answer I&#39;ll give you a big big big zero like that because this is not the purpose of the par it does this yes it does this as a favor for you but this is not the main function of the par then the main function of the Parker is to isolate to isolate the upper part of the casing this is the main purpose of it we have some other devices which isolate also like tubing cell assembly and the bbr bbr stands for Polish B receptical uh by the way any each piece of each equipment I&#39;m talking about now or I mention it now we will talk about it a little bit later on but let us finish all of them then we&#39;ll start talk about each one separately an anti-erosion device we have two devices we have blast joint and we have a flu coupling a blast joint it is this blue color piece of pipe you see it in front of the formation what is the purpose what it is it is a pipe it has the same idea of the tube but it has a bigger wall thickness if this is a normal pipe which is in front of the perforation when you start producing from the well this production with a lot of sand coming out it erode the outer surface of the tubing after few months this part of the tubing will have a lot of holes so it&#39;s like a knit now what should you do now kill the will bring over cover rig pull the completion change damage PA with a new one run it back which is a lot of waste of time waste of money so instead from day one when we run we run this blast joint which has a wall thickness heavy wall thickness so it will withstand this its it will last longer if if the normal one will withstand six seven months it might stand 5 six years and sometimes we do it by the way with the same same thickness but different material like carbide or ceramic this is the blast joint so we have also a flow coupling we&#39;ll talk about the flow coupling the other piece that we cannot classify into one of these groups it is like a Wireline entry guide perforated joint a control line and the teaming hunger uh in our mission we need to talk about uh each piece or each each accessories of these just a little bit to have a general knowledge but before we talk about it we need to discuss something very important uh when we as a production people receive a will from a drilling Department because once they drill the will they hand it over to the production so they can run a completion and produce from this well you as a production man or production engineer production supervisor when you see if this drilled well from a drilling engineer or drilling supervisor first thing to do with this well is to give him a shower I&#39;m joking of course but what I&#39;m saying is you have to clean the well why because when you receive this well from a drilling Department it is full of rubbish yeah if you are at the surface and this is your drill well if you look like here like this to see what&#39;s in the bottom what you&#39;ll see in the bottom deas scale grease Ty wraps ring gaskets O-rings uh just imagine all kind of rubbish so if you produce with this rubbish there you&#39;re going to destroy your Reservoir you&#39;re going to destroy your your completion you&#39;re going to damage your surface facilities so first thing when you receive a well from the drilling Department with all my respect to the drilling team of course y please clean your well carefully to get out of all this rubbage that they gave you with this drilled well if you didn&#39;t clean it well this is what we might get at the end is robard equipment malfunction incorrect gauge reading incorrect barrier test reasons the completion is two parts one part is below the surface below surface the other part is above ground what is above ground is the will H and the Christmas tree of for several years working in all field Industries International well well organizations I was under the impression that both Wellhead and Christmas tree has the same meaning you what is this this is a Wellhead or this is a Christmas tree is the same till I found out that I&#39;m am wrong when I got the correct knowledge I came to know that will head is the components of tubing hunger tubing head casing hungers casing head where on top of that we put the Christmas tree the Christmas tree is the group of valves that control the will flow the connection between a Christmas tree and the willp we call it thf tubing head flange and this tubing head flange where we uh adjust our contract to zero while running cold tubing or wir line it is true that sometimes we refer to the whole thing uh as as a will head but engineering wise the will head and Christmas tree are two different parts the connection between them is the thf tubing head flange you guys if you went to the locations or to you see Christmas tree or will hiad in reality or maybe in your study you might notice that there is a hole or there is a a hole around the wad of the Christmas tree this one we call it s any idea what is the purpose of the S can anyone of you tell me what&#39;s the purpose of the Sellar which is this whole around the Wellhead waiting your answers no answers yet I receive nothing so far at least if you don&#39;t know write me I don&#39;t know so I know that you are you are the there I&#39;m not talking to the sky I&#39;m talking to people who are listening to me or try to communicate with me yes don&#39;t know thank you very much I have no idea great to provide additional height between rig floor and it will head for for easy access to the valves I like this answer to contain the will heads and Spills ah you destroy your answer yeah if you say to container will head I would give you the the $10 but and the Spells then I need $10 from you you destroy your your answer to provide additional height between the floor and the whe head okay to contain the whe head andp okay let us let us go what is the purpose of this self let us forget about the self let us assume that this is our ground little let us drill now when we drill a will from here so we&#39;re going to start putting the will heads the will head which is uh a modules of different valves based on how many case casing you have and then on top of that you will put the Christmas tree so the height of the Christmas tree now is too high to go there to try to open or close and evolve you need to have wings so you can fly to reach the Christmas tree over there to solve this issue this is our ground level so we drill this hole this is the hole we drill so we start now from the bottom of this hole with drill we start putting the wo heads then we start putting the Christmas tree so now the Christmas tree is Handy for me so the main purpose of the Sellar is to accommodate a will head height so Christmas tree is Handy and by the way if I pass by a will and if the Sellar is not full of Sands I can see the bottom of the from the depth of the CER I can tell you if this will is deep or shallow why because the depth of this sillar actually is between 3 feet and 15 based on how many casing you have in a shallow will you don&#39;t have so many casing you might have surface casing only so you have only one valve on the on top of it but if you have a deepo you will have surface casing maybe intermediate casing and then production casing you will have more whe heads so to accommodate this height you have to dig a deeper seller inhow the depth of the seller is related to the depth of the well and the main purpose of the seller actually is to accommodate the will head height so Christmas tree is Handy what you see in front of you now is a Christmas tree of course uh from the bottom to up the the very bottom valve we call it lower Master valve lower Master valve is a manual valve and it is not an Optimum working valve and I always say in my courses if you see someone who is going to close the lower Master Val ask him to stop and let him tell him please come make your hands like that and then you do tell him don&#39;t do that again this is your Lamborghini or Lamborghini some people doesn&#39;t understand what Lamborghini is I have to say it Lamborghini which is a very fancy car very expensive one this one it is always in your garage when you go to work every day you go to with your Hyundai 79 model you take this Lamborghini during the weekends only when you go and meet your girlfriend and have a tour then you drop hair at home you go back home put the Lamborghini in the garage the following day you are using hyai 79 because you can accommodate the maintenance and the course the running course of the hyai but you cannot accommodate the the maintenance and running coast of the Lamb Virginia or Ferrari so please notice this is any I I said that in my in the in the first course and in all my courses I said two devices please put it in your left hand pocket and zip it don&#39;t touch it unless you are forced to these two devices are downhole city valve and the lower muscle valve and an emergency when everything is black in front of you and you have to open your pocket to use one of them which one you take first is the lower most of keep the down hold to the all last last so please don&#39;t touch this unless you are forced to don&#39;t spoil it by using the frequently because if this one is damaged you are in deep trouble you don&#39;t have any barrier below so you can fix it but we normally use the one which is above which is the upper Master valve the upper Master valve is always pneumatic and H hydraulic and this is the working valve this is normally the valve we use uh and this is the only valve that works pneumatically or Hydra and that&#39;s why first day we said this is the the one that cuts it has the shearing capability it has the Shing capability because it is not by hand it is it is it has more power which is the air or the hydraulic power then we have this cross where we go this direction this direction this direction if you go this direction you will see here what we call kill valve we use it for killing operation it is connected to the kill pump many Christmas tree doesn&#39;t have this and instead of the kill valve they put a blind flange and if they need to kill the well they kill it from the Christmas tree from the sve wall from Top here on the other side we have a production will valve then we have here a choke the choke which control the flow of the W no flow half flow three4 flow full flow whatever and between this choke valve the the choke and the production Wing valve or flowing valve we have a valve here we call it SSV SSV stands for surface safety valve surface safety valve um some people in the field they call it activat fine but if he if you disagree with if you didn&#39;t understand stand each other we should go to the origin SSV surface safety valve then on the top we have what we call here sve valve or crown valve uh the sve valve has nothing to do with the production of the whe the swap valve is mainly there to be able to rig up and rig down well intervention equipment which is fire line call tubing or snubbing and by the way uh all pressure control equipment is designed to withstand a pressure from a direction of flow Christmas tree valve is a unique Christmas tree valve is designed to with the stand will pressure from both Direction that&#39;s why for example swap valve while production swap valve is closed now the swap valve it is to withstand the pressure from below will well pressure that hits before it goes to the production facility but when we R up will intervention whatever it is wi line or call tubing and we need to test this equipment we tested again it close the swap valve where we appli pressure from above so the swap valve is to is designed to withstand pressure from below and above the upper Master valve is the same the lower must valve is the same uh on top of this swap valve we have the three cap here and the gug let us have a a Wireline job on reg operation and these Wireline need to rig up their equipment so one of the Wireline team should go there go to this quick connection be sure the gauge is zero and then take out this connection which is hand tight to put the cross over then start connecting the rest of his equipment and let us see this scenario where this gentleman or lady they went he went to top and he found that this gauge which is which is on the top here is broken so what he did he closed the needle valve below he took this damage valve out he grabbed a bre brand new gauge he put it in open the Val see that it works and then he bleed off the pressure and disconnect the cup if I am the supervisor in this location and I knew that he did that I should fire him why people ask me why what mistakes he did what what do you need him to do technically he did exactly everything right I would tell him to do the same steps he did to change this V this gaau but what the Fatal mistake he did he did that alone he didn&#39;t inform us us means the team yeah if we are a crew of five and each one did what he think is the best for the job we are not in oil field industry we are in a circus he should inform his team um I have a company here in Egypt it&#39;s a service company and I&#39;m the managing director of that company so uh when I go uh outside the office we have a group on the WhatsApp so I sent to my engineer on that group uh gentlemen uh I&#39;m going to meet this customer uh to try to sign the invoice that he kept it in his drawer for the last two months and then I will go have lunch with my girlfriend in in the restaurant what is the benefits I got from this little message I sent although I am the managing director that I might receive a reply from one of the engineer Mr Ahmed do not go meet that Customer because I was sitting with him last night at the the cafe and he signed the he signed the invoice ready so he saved me this bad look when I meet the client that guys you didn&#39;t meet with you didn&#39;t see each other or what I signed the I signed the invoice last night already and also one of the other team members in my group will said that Mr Ahmed do not go to the restaurant because uh my wife your wife put a a tracking system in your car and she is following you so I save my life right so uh it&#39;s very important that we work in a team and everyone should know what others are doing that&#39;s why I have to fire him um the other thing I would like to mention here before we move from this slide that uh if it is wir line yes it is nice that you will remove this cap and then put your over but if I am doing a c tubing job I will not remove this cap no in call tubing I have to remove this flange so I have to to take all this stud bolts and nuts out so it ends up a flange my crossover should be flange to flange call tubing API standards now every single connection from this from the C tree all the way to the sky has to be flange to flash the reason for that I believe thre doesn&#39;t with understand the talk and if the connection thread as long as you are 90 Dee on the ground you have no problem but in colding this is not doesn&#39;t happen you always do like that all what you need for the disaster is one degree of 90 this one degree of 90 will give you a force if this is your connection below and then you have several uh risers and you have the injector the injector is six ton so if it is off 90 so the weight create the the force or the Thor created at the the connection below is the distance times the weight thread is not designed to withstand this to flange is designed to withstand this to time is running I don&#39;t believe that I&#39;ve been talking for an hour now uh I have to close my eyes and dealing like I&#39;m blind and I&#39;m not reading this so I escape this uh this slides when we talk about a will head which we said it is modules when we start if it is if we have a surface casing then what you&#39;re going to put surface casing head where inside the surface casing head you will put a surface casing hunger this surface casing hunger which is the brown color you see here which hangs the yellow uh stuff here which is the surface casing uh if you intend to run after that production casing then you have to put on top production casing hunger where inside it you will put production casing hunger which hang the green color production casing if you are running completion then on top of that you have to put production tubing head where inside it you&#39;re going to put tubing hunger this is the tubing hunger which hang production tubing and this is what we call tubing hit flange where you&#39;re going to put on top of it in christm tree uh a tubing hunger from its name it is to hangle production tubing and to be more precise it is to hang top completion only because the bottom completion we said it is hanged by the Parker and also it has a profile inside it to put what we call BBV back pressure valve back pressure valve we use it as a barrier sometimes we we need to put it in order to change the Christmas tree if the Christmas tree is damaged or leaking maybe this is the last thing to talk about before we end up our session today is based on what we select our production tubic when we go to the supermarket to buy a production tubing we have to decide which type we we buy uh our selection is based on so many things actually these things are the production rate will depth in use of your Wireline tools how you pass is on the pressure that would can withstand and the temperature which can withstand high temperature low temperature high pressure low pressure it depends on the grade that&#39;s why you select the grade of the material you are using on the tension you&#39;re going to apply to Bar limit of this tubing the collapse resistance of this tubing a compression that can withstand uh coupling that you are using corrosion can can it withstand corrosion that&#39;s why for example uh some completion are we call it nine Chrome nine Chrome means what it has 9% Chrome some other completion are 13 Chrome or 25 Chrome 25 means 25% Chrome why Chrome because the Chrome is to withstand the H to and CO2 so uh the simulation loads on that tubing erosion so all these factors govern the way we&#39;re going to select which production tubing we are looking for uh for example yeah let us let us run completion to 15,000 ft what hold the weight of the 15,000 ft of production tubing at the surface it is the tubing hunger the tubing hunger is what holds in weight of the 15,000 please go below tubing hung this part of the pipe this part of the production tubing is hang 14,999 of tubing weight if it cannot withstand the P script and this is what we call ail strength of the P of the material what is theil strength theile strength in a very simple way it is the ability of the pipe to withstand its weight otherwise it will be elongated and split H one hour passed quickly uh I will stop here for today and uh we&#39;ll continue Tuesday 6:30 but before I leave I need to see if you have any questions uh that I can answer I have two questions so far where we can get the PDF of the lecture and is lecture upload in YouTube so I I am understand yes but the one to answer this question is Dr ahmedi Who I believe he will answer you this question I&#39;m not the party who handled this issue are sure all the lectures uploaded to PTO YouTube channel so you can you can find the recording maximum by tomorrow on on YouTube Petro I have another question from H hello how can we remove the problem if it is found in the will through the Christmas tree your question is not clear what what it depends on what what problem you have in the world you do you know how many issues you might have down hall each one of them has a certain way to solve but I you have to be precise which problem you have uh but through Christmas tree fishing operation all yeah fishing operation for example if you lost tools in the hole this is the problem how you solve it through the Christmas Tre yes you you you you bring will intervention call tuing for example or Eline sometimes or bra line sometimes and rig up on the Christmas tree and then run in the hall to finish this tools that you have down hall and you pull it out sometimes we bring snubbing units to do that if the cold tuming are not able so this is one of the problem this is this is what you talk about or something else in your mind I me does the use of flange to flange connection relates to Wireline pressure control equipment no Amy this is the for call tubing only up till today wire line is allowed to use the threat connection which is acne threats I believe because there is no weight the Christmas tree doesn&#39;t have weight but the call tubing does have what are the remedes if a Parker do not isolate the lower completion El parer does not isolate the lower completion El parer is to isolate the upper part of the casing this is the main purpose of the Parker if the Parker is leaking and it doesn&#39;t do this function what you have to do is to pull the compilation replace the Parker put new one and run back uh this is the all question I have Dr Ahmed so please uh advise me if I should leave or you need me anymore thank you very much and have a wonderful day when we will see you again when is the next lecture h t Tuesday 6:30 okay so we will see you Tuesday 6:30 thank you very much okay Dr Ahmed thank you very much thank you guys see you Tuesday inshallah

Transcript for:Well Completion - Lecture Notes

Transcript for:
Well Completion - Lecture Notes