Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

Introduction

• Explanation of the differences between elements, compounds, and mixtures.
• Overview of their properties and characteristics.

Elements

• Definition: A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical or chemical means.
• Composition: Made up of one type of atom.
  • Consists of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
• Examples: Carbon, oxygen, iron.
• Periodic Table: Elements are arranged based on their number of protons.
  • Sodium (11 protons), Potassium (19 protons).
• Properties: Each element has unique properties.

Compounds

• Definition: A pure substance composed of two or more elements chemically combined.
• Formation: Occurs during a chemical change.
  • A compound's particle is called a molecule.
• Properties: New substances are created with different properties from the constituent elements.
  • Example: Hydrogen and oxygen form water.
• Examples:
  • Table salt: Sodium + Chlorine.
  • Glucose: Carbon + Hydrogen + Oxygen.
• Ratios: Elements in compounds have a specific ratio.
  • Water: 2 hydrogen to 1 oxygen.
  • Glucose: 6 carbon, 12 hydrogen, 6 oxygen.
• Presence: Found in food, school supplies, and human bodies.

Mixtures

• Definition: Combination of two or more substances that do not bond chemically.
• Separation: Can be separated by physical means.
  • Example: Air, sand, salad.

Types of Mixtures

• Heterogeneous Mixtures
  • Definition: Mixtures where different parts are visibly distinguishable.
  • Examples: Sand, salad.
• Homogeneous Mixtures (Solutions)
  • Definition: Mixtures with uniform composition throughout.
  • Examples: Saltwater, alloys (brass, bronze), liquid soap.

Separation Techniques

• Filtration
• Distillation: Involves heating to separate substances by boiling points.
• Magnetism: Uses a magnet to remove magnetic materials.

Conclusion

• Encouragement to practice kindness.
• Note: "Kindness multiplies kindness."