Medical Terminology: Language of Medicine - Chapter 2

welcome to medical terminology language of medicine chapter 2. the information in this video is credited to this book language of medicine Wikipedia and many other sources chapter 2 covers the terms pertaining to the body as a whole the goals of this chapter are Define terms that apply to the structural organization of the body identify the body cavities and recognize the organs contained within those cavities locate and identify the anatomical and clinical divisions of the abdomen locate and name the anatomical divisions of the back become acquainted with terms that describe positions directions and planes of the body and identify the meanings for new word elements and use them to understand medical terms lesson 2.1 structural organization and body cavities objectives are Define terms that apply to the structural organization of the body identify the body cavities and recognize the organs contained within those cavities and locate and identify the anatomic and clinical divisions of the abdomen first we will cover the details of the structural organization of the body including cells tissues organs and systems cell all cells are similar in that they contain a gelatinous substance composed of water protein sugar fats and various minerals the cell is a fundamental unit of all living things major parts of the cell include cell membrane nucleus chromosomes Gene DNA karyotype cytoplasm mitochondria endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus cell membrane it surrounds and protects the cell but also regulates what passes into the out of the cell the nucleus controls the operations of the cell it directs cell division and determines the structure and function of the cell chromosomes are rod-like structures with the nucleus all human body cells except for the sex cells the egg and the sperm short for sperm it is on contain 23 pairs of chromosomes each sperm in each egg cell have only 23 of other chromosomes after an egg in a sperm cell United to form the embryo each cell of the embryo then has 46 chromosomes 23 pairs Gene chromosomes regions called genes thousands each gene contains a chemical called DNA DX erebonucleic acid DNA regulates the activities of the cell according to its sequence&#39;s Arrangement into genes on each chromosome DNA sequence resembles a series of recipes in code this code then passed out to the nucleus to the rest of the cell directs the activities of the cell such as cell division and synthesis of proteins karyotype is a photograph of an individual&#39;s chromosomes arranged by size shape and number karyotyping can determine whether chromosomes are normal this is an abnormal karyotype of down syndrome trisomy 21 it has three chromosomes at number 21. cytoplasm includes all of the material outside of the nucleus and enclosed by the cell membrane it carries on the work of the cell such as a muscle cell it does the Contracting in the nerve cell it transmits impulses it contains specialized apparatus to supply the chemical needs of the cell mitochondria are small sausage-shaped bodies that provide the principal source of energy for the cell they use nutrients and oxygen to release energy that is stored in the food during the chemical process called catabolism complex foods such as sugar and fat are broken down cutamines down into simpler substances and energy is released by the mitochondria thus catabolism provides energy for the cells to do the work of the body there are three stages of catabolism stage 1 stage of digestion stage 2 release of energy stage 3 energy stored the endoplasmic reticulum is a network reticulum of canals within the cell these canals are cellular tunnel systems that manufacture proteins for the cell attached to the endoplasmic reticulum are ribosomes which build long chains of proteins anabolism occurring on the endoplasmic reticulum is the process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids for example of important proteins for cell growth are hormones and enzymes together these two processes anabolism and catabolism made up the cell&#39;s metabolism thus metabolism is the total of the chemical process occurring in the cell as we hear all the time if a person has a fast metabolism foods such as sugar and fat are used up very quickly and energy is released if a person has a slow metabolism foods are burned slowly and fat accumulates in cells a quick quiz a process of building up the protein in a cell is called what a anabolism B catabolism C metabolism D cytoplasm the answer is a anabolism this is the summary of the cell structures that we just went through please learn these terms and their definitions you are expected to know these terms and their definitions please go back and review the video if you have to now let&#39;s talk about different types of cells muscle cells nerve cells epithelial and fat cells for example a muscle cell is long and slander and contains fibers that Aid in Contracting and relaxing an epithelial cell a lining in skin cell may be square and flat to provide protection a nerve cell may be long and have various fibrous extensions that Aid in its job of carrying impulses a fat cell contains large empty spaces for fat storage these are only a few of the many types of cells in the body next we will discuss tissues a tissue is a group of similar cells working together to do a specific job there are many different types of tissues we will cover these types epithelial tissue muscle tissue connection tissue and nerve tissue epithelial tissue located all over the body forms the Linings of internal organs and the outer surface of the skin covering the body it also lines exocrine and endocrine glands and it is responsible for the secretions that the glands produce the term epithelial originally referred to the tissue on the breast nipple fellow now it describes all tissue that covers the outside of the body and lines the inner surface of internal organs muscle tissue voluntary muscle is found in arms and legs and parts of the body where movement is under conscious control involuntary muscle found in the heart and digestive system as well as other organs connective tissue examples are adipose fat tissue cartilage elastic fibrous tissue attached to Bones bone and blood nerve tissue nerve tissue conduct impulse all over the body different types of tissue combine to form an organ for example an organ such as the stomach is composed of muscle tissue nerve tissue and glandular epithelial tissue the medical term for internal organs is viscera singular viscous examples of abdominal viscera organs located in the abdomen are the liver stomach intestines pancreas spleen and gallbladder we will learn more about organs as we go through the organ systems the human organism is made up of 11 main organ systems that work together to maintain life integumentary skeletal muscular nervous endocrine cardiovascular lymphatic immune system respiratory digestive urinary and reproduction digestive system has components of mouth pharynx esophagus stomach intestine liver pancreas salivary glands its functions are ingests and digests foods and absorbs nutrients into blood urinary or excretory systems has components kidneys bladder ureter tubes from the kidneys to the urinary bladder and urethra two from the bladder to the outside of the body its functions are kidneys excrete metabolic wastes and helps regulate volume and composition of blood and other body fluids the respiratory system has components of nose pharynx larynx voice box trachea windpipe bronchial tubes and lungs where the change of gases takes place it functions are exchanges gases between blood and external environment maintains appropriate oxygen content helps regulate acid-base balance of blood the reproductive system has components in males are gonad&#39;s testes and Associated tubes urethra penis prostate gland in female there are ovaries Fallopian tubes uterus womb vagina and mammary gland its functions reproduction and maintain sexual characteristics endocrine system components are pituitary gland adrenal gland thyroid gland and other ductless glands that produce hormones such as hypothalamus gonads pineal body parathyroid thymus its functions are works with nervous system in regulating metabolic activities and body chemistry and secretes hormones endocrine system components are pituitary gland adrenal gland thyroid gland hypothalamus pineal body parathyroid thymus sex glands ovaries and gonads or testes and pancreas islets of Langer hands its functions works with a nervous system in regulating metabolic activities and body chemistry and secretes hormones nervous system components are components brain spinal cord sense organs and nerves its functions are principal regulatory system receive stimuli from external and internal environment and transmits impulses to muscles and glands the nervous system has components of brain spinal cord sense organs and collections of nerves its functions principal regulatory system receives stimuli from the external and internal environment transmits impulses to muscles and glands cardiovascular system components are heart blood vessels and blood its functions are transports nutrients gases hormones waste and other materials from one part of the body to another and helps maintain fluid balance cardiovascular system has components heart blood vessels arteries veins capillaries and blood its functions transports nutrients gases hormones waste and other materials from one part of the body to another and helps maintain fluid balance muscular system has components of skeletal muscle cardiac muscle and smooth muscle its functions skeletal muscle moves parts of skeleton Locomotion cardiac muscles pumps blood and smooth muscle moves materials in the body the skeletal system includes the components of bone cartilage ligaments and Joints its functions are help support and protect the body muscles attached to the bones the skeletal system works with the muscular system to carry out effective movement stores calcium and stored bone marrow where the red white and other cells are produced integumentary system components are skin hair nails sweat glands and sense organs its functions covers and protects body helps regulate body temperature and receives information about touch pressure temperature and pain lymphatic or immune system components are lymph lymphatic vessels lymph nodes spleen thymus bone marrow liver and other limb structures its functions collects and transports tissue fluid to plant absorbs lipids from digestive tract and transports them to cardiovascular system and defends body against viruses bacteria and fungi that cause disease those are brief descriptions of the 11 systems in the human body we will learn in detail in the subsequent chapters and videos try to remember the names of these systems once again the level of organizations in human body is from the atom to cell to tissue to organs organ systems and organisms we now have to learn these terms and their meanings in the following slides adipose tissue a collection of fat please pay attention to these images of the fat cells cartilage is the flexible connective tissue often attached to bones at joints cartilage forms part of the external ear and the nose a ring of cartilage surrounds the trachea epithelial cells are the skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs there are different types of epithelial cells the picture on the left is an example of the epithelial cell of a sweat gland histologist is a specialist in the study of tissues think of the lab when you think of a histologist larynx also known as the voice box is located above the trachea hint think of the word laryngitis which means the inflammation of the voice box and may result in losing your voice pharynx is the throat the fairing serves as a common passageway for food from the mouth going to the esophagus and air from the nose to the trachea the pituitary gland is an endocrine gland at the base of the brain thyroid gland is an endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck trachea is the windpipe two bleeding from the throat and larynx to the bronchial tubes ureter is one of the two tubes each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder urethra is the tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body note that female has a shorter urethra resulting in higher incidence of UTI than men uterus also known as the womb is the organ that holds the embryo slash fetus as it develops viscer are the internal organs in the main cavities of the body especially in the abdomen body cavities are the spaces within the body that contain internal organs viscera and include cranial thoracic abdominal pelvic and spinal now we have to learn the body cavities two main cavities dorsal and Central cavities dorsal cavity located posteriorly in the back and includes the cranial and spinal cavities ventral cavity largest cavity subdivided into thoracic and abdominal pelvic cavities the cranial cavity includes the brain pituitary gland dura mater or arachnoid Pia Mater and cerebrospinal fluid the spinal cavity has nerves in the spinal cord make sure you able to identify the structure of the spinal cavity image the thoracic cavity consists of lungs heart esophagus trachea bronchial tubes thymus gland and aorta large artery the thoracic cavity further subdivided into two lateral pleural cavities purple color and a single centrally located cavity called mediastinum Orange pleural cavity space surrounding each lung the pleura is a double membrane that surrounds the lungs and protects them if the pleura is inflamed as in pluritus or pleurisy the pleural cavity may fill with fluid this is called a pleural effusion mediastinum cavity is essentially located space outside of and between the lungs it contains the heart aorta trachea esophagus thymus gland bronchial tubes and many lymph nodes the abdominal pelvic cavity is subdivided into the abdominal pink and pelvic cavities neon green peritoneum is the double folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity it attached the abdominal organs to the abdominal muscles and surrounds each organ to hold it in place the kidneys are tube in-shaped organs situated behind the abdominal cavity retroperitoneal area on either side of the backbone the abdominal cavity also contains the stomach small and large intestines spleen pancreas liver and gallbladder the diaphragm a muscular wall divides the abdominal and thoracic cavities diaphragm while the thoracic and abdominal cavities are separated by a muscular wall called the diaphragm the abdominal and pelvic cavities are not separated and are referred to together as the abdominal pelvic cavity the cranial cavity has the brain and brain components the thoracic cavity has lungs heart esophagus trachea bronchial tubes thymus gland and aorta the abdominal has a stomach small and large intestines spleen pancreas liver and gallbladder the pelvic cavity has portions of the small and large intestines bladder rectum urethra ureters uterus and vagina in females the spinal cavity has nerves of the spinal cord make sure you learn all organs of the abdominal pelvic and thoracic cavities and also you should be able to identify the organs of the abdominal pelvic and thoracic cavities in this posterior View I will have a separate video with practice questions this exercise of this image will be included in that video quick quiz for fun which body cavity contains the pleural cavity and the mediastinum cranial pelvic spinal or thoracic the answer is thoracic which body cavity contains the peritoneum abdominal pelvic spinal or thoracic the answer is a abdominal these are the organs of the abdominal pelvic and thoracic cavities please go back to learn them these terms are the summary of what we have covered in previous slides make sure you know all of them well abdominal pelvic further divided into nine regions these are the name of the nine regions as in the previous slide there are four anatomic quadrants right upper quadrant left upper quadrant right lower quadrant left lower quadrant the right upper quadrant consists of the right lobe of liver gallbladder right kidney portions of the stomach and small and large intestines the right lower quadrant consists of cecum appendix portions of small intestine right ureter right ovary and right spermatic cord the left upper quadrant consists of left lobe of liver stomach tail of the pancreas left kidney spleen and portions of large intestines the left lower quadrant consists of most of small intestine portions of large intestine left ureter left ovary and left spermatic cord once again the abdominal pelvic has four quadrants right upper quadrant ruq contains liver right lobe gallbladder part of the pancreas parts of small and large intestines left upper quadrant luq contains liver left lobe stomach spleen part of the pancreas parts of small and large intestines right lower quadrant rlq contains parts of small and large intestines right ovary right fallopian tube appendix right ureter and left lower quadrant llq contains parts of small and large intestines left ovary left fallopian tube left ureter the anatomical divisions of the back the cervical neck region has seven vertebrae C1 to C7 the thoracic chest region has 12 vertebrae T1 to T12 each bone is joined to a rib the lumber lower back region called the loin or flank region is between the ribs and the hip bone there are five lumbar vertebrae L1 to L5 the sacral has five S1 to S5 vertebrae fuse together to form one bone called the sacrum thick excigial the tailbone is a small bone composed of four fused pieces please label these in your book we will work on these in the questions video as well we&#39;ve already learned these several times please make sure you know all of them label these in your book this exercise will be included in the questions video quick quiz time name the abdominopelvic region that is located in the central region near the navel inguinal umbilical Lumber or hypochondriac the answer is umbilical let&#39;s try one more name the abdominopelvic region that is located in the lower middle below the umbilical region inguinal abigastric Lumber or hypogastric the answer is d hypogastric there are three planes in human anatomy sagittal axial or transverse and frontal or coronal the sagittal plane is a vertical plane that passes through the body dividing it into left and right coronal plane is a vertical plane that passes through the body dividing it into anterior ventral and posterior dorsal positions you can say it&#39;s dividing from front to back and vice versa see the orange color an axial or transverse plane is a horizontal plane that passes through the body dividing it into Superior and inferior portions a quick look of the planes again once again we have gone over these multiple times you must know these by heart let&#39;s learn some combining forms suffixes and prefixes for chapter two abdomen o is abdomen Adam o means fat and anter slash o such as anterior means front cervical means the neck of the body or uterus Contra means cartilage Chromo means color and coccyco means coccyx tailbone cranial means skull cytome cell disto means far distant dorso means back portion of the body histo histio means tissue ilio means ilium of the hip bone inguinal means groin and cardio means nucleus lateral means side lumbo means lower back medial means middle and nucleol means nucleus pelvi means pelvis faringo means pharynx throat posterior means back behind Proxima means nearest and Sacro means sacrum Sarco means flesh spino means spine backbone fellow delial means nipple thoracal means chest and tracheal means trachea windpipe umbilical means navel umbilicus Ventra means belly side of the body vertebra means vertebrae backbones and visceral means internal organs prefixes Anna is up Kata means noun Epi is above hypo means the low inter means between intramines within and metamines change suffixes eel IAC and your means pertaining to is a means process or condition assay means pertaining to full of plasm means formation sums means bodies type means picture or classification quiz time again which term means process of cutting the skull thoracotomy craniotomy or discectomy arthroscopy the answer is craniotomy please learn the structure of cervix this chapter is a lot keep watching the video over and over again thank you for watching please subscribe comment like and share

welcome to medical terminology language of medicine chapter 2. the information in this video is credited to this book language of medicine Wikipedia and many other sources chapter 2 covers the terms pertaining to the body as a whole the goals of this chapter are Define terms that apply to the structural organization of the body identify the body cavities and recognize the organs contained within those cavities locate and identify the anatomical and clinical divisions of the abdomen locate and name the anatomical divisions of the back become acquainted with terms that describe positions directions and planes of the body and identify the meanings for new word elements and use them to understand medical terms lesson 2.1 structural organization and body cavities objectives are Define terms that apply to the structural organization of the body identify the body cavities and recognize the organs contained within those cavities and locate and identify the anatomic and clinical divisions of the abdomen first we will cover the details of the structural organization of the body including cells tissues organs and systems cell all cells are similar in that they contain a gelatinous substance composed of water protein sugar fats and various minerals the cell is a fundamental unit of all living things major parts of the cell include cell membrane nucleus chromosomes Gene DNA karyotype cytoplasm mitochondria endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus cell membrane it surrounds and protects the cell but also regulates what passes into the out of the cell the nucleus controls the operations of the cell it directs cell division and determines the structure and function of the cell chromosomes are rod-like structures with the nucleus all human body cells except for the sex cells the egg and the sperm short for sperm it is on contain 23 pairs of chromosomes each sperm in each egg cell have only 23 of other chromosomes after an egg in a sperm cell United to form the embryo each cell of the embryo then has 46 chromosomes 23 pairs Gene chromosomes regions called genes thousands each gene contains a chemical called DNA DX erebonucleic acid DNA regulates the activities of the cell according to its sequence&amp;#39;s Arrangement into genes on each chromosome DNA sequence resembles a series of recipes in code this code then passed out to the nucleus to the rest of the cell directs the activities of the cell such as cell division and synthesis of proteins karyotype is a photograph of an individual&amp;#39;s chromosomes arranged by size shape and number karyotyping can determine whether chromosomes are normal this is an abnormal karyotype of down syndrome trisomy 21 it has three chromosomes at number 21. cytoplasm includes all of the material outside of the nucleus and enclosed by the cell membrane it carries on the work of the cell such as a muscle cell it does the Contracting in the nerve cell it transmits impulses it contains specialized apparatus to supply the chemical needs of the cell mitochondria are small sausage-shaped bodies that provide the principal source of energy for the cell they use nutrients and oxygen to release energy that is stored in the food during the chemical process called catabolism complex foods such as sugar and fat are broken down cutamines down into simpler substances and energy is released by the mitochondria thus catabolism provides energy for the cells to do the work of the body there are three stages of catabolism stage 1 stage of digestion stage 2 release of energy stage 3 energy stored the endoplasmic reticulum is a network reticulum of canals within the cell these canals are cellular tunnel systems that manufacture proteins for the cell attached to the endoplasmic reticulum are ribosomes which build long chains of proteins anabolism occurring on the endoplasmic reticulum is the process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids for example of important proteins for cell growth are hormones and enzymes together these two processes anabolism and catabolism made up the cell&amp;#39;s metabolism thus metabolism is the total of the chemical process occurring in the cell as we hear all the time if a person has a fast metabolism foods such as sugar and fat are used up very quickly and energy is released if a person has a slow metabolism foods are burned slowly and fat accumulates in cells a quick quiz a process of building up the protein in a cell is called what a anabolism B catabolism C metabolism D cytoplasm the answer is a anabolism this is the summary of the cell structures that we just went through please learn these terms and their definitions you are expected to know these terms and their definitions please go back and review the video if you have to now let&amp;#39;s talk about different types of cells muscle cells nerve cells epithelial and fat cells for example a muscle cell is long and slander and contains fibers that Aid in Contracting and relaxing an epithelial cell a lining in skin cell may be square and flat to provide protection a nerve cell may be long and have various fibrous extensions that Aid in its job of carrying impulses a fat cell contains large empty spaces for fat storage these are only a few of the many types of cells in the body next we will discuss tissues a tissue is a group of similar cells working together to do a specific job there are many different types of tissues we will cover these types epithelial tissue muscle tissue connection tissue and nerve tissue epithelial tissue located all over the body forms the Linings of internal organs and the outer surface of the skin covering the body it also lines exocrine and endocrine glands and it is responsible for the secretions that the glands produce the term epithelial originally referred to the tissue on the breast nipple fellow now it describes all tissue that covers the outside of the body and lines the inner surface of internal organs muscle tissue voluntary muscle is found in arms and legs and parts of the body where movement is under conscious control involuntary muscle found in the heart and digestive system as well as other organs connective tissue examples are adipose fat tissue cartilage elastic fibrous tissue attached to Bones bone and blood nerve tissue nerve tissue conduct impulse all over the body different types of tissue combine to form an organ for example an organ such as the stomach is composed of muscle tissue nerve tissue and glandular epithelial tissue the medical term for internal organs is viscera singular viscous examples of abdominal viscera organs located in the abdomen are the liver stomach intestines pancreas spleen and gallbladder we will learn more about organs as we go through the organ systems the human organism is made up of 11 main organ systems that work together to maintain life integumentary skeletal muscular nervous endocrine cardiovascular lymphatic immune system respiratory digestive urinary and reproduction digestive system has components of mouth pharynx esophagus stomach intestine liver pancreas salivary glands its functions are ingests and digests foods and absorbs nutrients into blood urinary or excretory systems has components kidneys bladder ureter tubes from the kidneys to the urinary bladder and urethra two from the bladder to the outside of the body its functions are kidneys excrete metabolic wastes and helps regulate volume and composition of blood and other body fluids the respiratory system has components of nose pharynx larynx voice box trachea windpipe bronchial tubes and lungs where the change of gases takes place it functions are exchanges gases between blood and external environment maintains appropriate oxygen content helps regulate acid-base balance of blood the reproductive system has components in males are gonad&amp;#39;s testes and Associated tubes urethra penis prostate gland in female there are ovaries Fallopian tubes uterus womb vagina and mammary gland its functions reproduction and maintain sexual characteristics endocrine system components are pituitary gland adrenal gland thyroid gland and other ductless glands that produce hormones such as hypothalamus gonads pineal body parathyroid thymus its functions are works with nervous system in regulating metabolic activities and body chemistry and secretes hormones endocrine system components are pituitary gland adrenal gland thyroid gland hypothalamus pineal body parathyroid thymus sex glands ovaries and gonads or testes and pancreas islets of Langer hands its functions works with a nervous system in regulating metabolic activities and body chemistry and secretes hormones nervous system components are components brain spinal cord sense organs and nerves its functions are principal regulatory system receive stimuli from external and internal environment and transmits impulses to muscles and glands the nervous system has components of brain spinal cord sense organs and collections of nerves its functions principal regulatory system receives stimuli from the external and internal environment transmits impulses to muscles and glands cardiovascular system components are heart blood vessels and blood its functions are transports nutrients gases hormones waste and other materials from one part of the body to another and helps maintain fluid balance cardiovascular system has components heart blood vessels arteries veins capillaries and blood its functions transports nutrients gases hormones waste and other materials from one part of the body to another and helps maintain fluid balance muscular system has components of skeletal muscle cardiac muscle and smooth muscle its functions skeletal muscle moves parts of skeleton Locomotion cardiac muscles pumps blood and smooth muscle moves materials in the body the skeletal system includes the components of bone cartilage ligaments and Joints its functions are help support and protect the body muscles attached to the bones the skeletal system works with the muscular system to carry out effective movement stores calcium and stored bone marrow where the red white and other cells are produced integumentary system components are skin hair nails sweat glands and sense organs its functions covers and protects body helps regulate body temperature and receives information about touch pressure temperature and pain lymphatic or immune system components are lymph lymphatic vessels lymph nodes spleen thymus bone marrow liver and other limb structures its functions collects and transports tissue fluid to plant absorbs lipids from digestive tract and transports them to cardiovascular system and defends body against viruses bacteria and fungi that cause disease those are brief descriptions of the 11 systems in the human body we will learn in detail in the subsequent chapters and videos try to remember the names of these systems once again the level of organizations in human body is from the atom to cell to tissue to organs organ systems and organisms we now have to learn these terms and their meanings in the following slides adipose tissue a collection of fat please pay attention to these images of the fat cells cartilage is the flexible connective tissue often attached to bones at joints cartilage forms part of the external ear and the nose a ring of cartilage surrounds the trachea epithelial cells are the skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs there are different types of epithelial cells the picture on the left is an example of the epithelial cell of a sweat gland histologist is a specialist in the study of tissues think of the lab when you think of a histologist larynx also known as the voice box is located above the trachea hint think of the word laryngitis which means the inflammation of the voice box and may result in losing your voice pharynx is the throat the fairing serves as a common passageway for food from the mouth going to the esophagus and air from the nose to the trachea the pituitary gland is an endocrine gland at the base of the brain thyroid gland is an endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck trachea is the windpipe two bleeding from the throat and larynx to the bronchial tubes ureter is one of the two tubes each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder urethra is the tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body note that female has a shorter urethra resulting in higher incidence of UTI than men uterus also known as the womb is the organ that holds the embryo slash fetus as it develops viscer are the internal organs in the main cavities of the body especially in the abdomen body cavities are the spaces within the body that contain internal organs viscera and include cranial thoracic abdominal pelvic and spinal now we have to learn the body cavities two main cavities dorsal and Central cavities dorsal cavity located posteriorly in the back and includes the cranial and spinal cavities ventral cavity largest cavity subdivided into thoracic and abdominal pelvic cavities the cranial cavity includes the brain pituitary gland dura mater or arachnoid Pia Mater and cerebrospinal fluid the spinal cavity has nerves in the spinal cord make sure you able to identify the structure of the spinal cavity image the thoracic cavity consists of lungs heart esophagus trachea bronchial tubes thymus gland and aorta large artery the thoracic cavity further subdivided into two lateral pleural cavities purple color and a single centrally located cavity called mediastinum Orange pleural cavity space surrounding each lung the pleura is a double membrane that surrounds the lungs and protects them if the pleura is inflamed as in pluritus or pleurisy the pleural cavity may fill with fluid this is called a pleural effusion mediastinum cavity is essentially located space outside of and between the lungs it contains the heart aorta trachea esophagus thymus gland bronchial tubes and many lymph nodes the abdominal pelvic cavity is subdivided into the abdominal pink and pelvic cavities neon green peritoneum is the double folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity it attached the abdominal organs to the abdominal muscles and surrounds each organ to hold it in place the kidneys are tube in-shaped organs situated behind the abdominal cavity retroperitoneal area on either side of the backbone the abdominal cavity also contains the stomach small and large intestines spleen pancreas liver and gallbladder the diaphragm a muscular wall divides the abdominal and thoracic cavities diaphragm while the thoracic and abdominal cavities are separated by a muscular wall called the diaphragm the abdominal and pelvic cavities are not separated and are referred to together as the abdominal pelvic cavity the cranial cavity has the brain and brain components the thoracic cavity has lungs heart esophagus trachea bronchial tubes thymus gland and aorta the abdominal has a stomach small and large intestines spleen pancreas liver and gallbladder the pelvic cavity has portions of the small and large intestines bladder rectum urethra ureters uterus and vagina in females the spinal cavity has nerves of the spinal cord make sure you learn all organs of the abdominal pelvic and thoracic cavities and also you should be able to identify the organs of the abdominal pelvic and thoracic cavities in this posterior View I will have a separate video with practice questions this exercise of this image will be included in that video quick quiz for fun which body cavity contains the pleural cavity and the mediastinum cranial pelvic spinal or thoracic the answer is thoracic which body cavity contains the peritoneum abdominal pelvic spinal or thoracic the answer is a abdominal these are the organs of the abdominal pelvic and thoracic cavities please go back to learn them these terms are the summary of what we have covered in previous slides make sure you know all of them well abdominal pelvic further divided into nine regions these are the name of the nine regions as in the previous slide there are four anatomic quadrants right upper quadrant left upper quadrant right lower quadrant left lower quadrant the right upper quadrant consists of the right lobe of liver gallbladder right kidney portions of the stomach and small and large intestines the right lower quadrant consists of cecum appendix portions of small intestine right ureter right ovary and right spermatic cord the left upper quadrant consists of left lobe of liver stomach tail of the pancreas left kidney spleen and portions of large intestines the left lower quadrant consists of most of small intestine portions of large intestine left ureter left ovary and left spermatic cord once again the abdominal pelvic has four quadrants right upper quadrant ruq contains liver right lobe gallbladder part of the pancreas parts of small and large intestines left upper quadrant luq contains liver left lobe stomach spleen part of the pancreas parts of small and large intestines right lower quadrant rlq contains parts of small and large intestines right ovary right fallopian tube appendix right ureter and left lower quadrant llq contains parts of small and large intestines left ovary left fallopian tube left ureter the anatomical divisions of the back the cervical neck region has seven vertebrae C1 to C7 the thoracic chest region has 12 vertebrae T1 to T12 each bone is joined to a rib the lumber lower back region called the loin or flank region is between the ribs and the hip bone there are five lumbar vertebrae L1 to L5 the sacral has five S1 to S5 vertebrae fuse together to form one bone called the sacrum thick excigial the tailbone is a small bone composed of four fused pieces please label these in your book we will work on these in the questions video as well we&amp;#39;ve already learned these several times please make sure you know all of them label these in your book this exercise will be included in the questions video quick quiz time name the abdominopelvic region that is located in the central region near the navel inguinal umbilical Lumber or hypochondriac the answer is umbilical let&amp;#39;s try one more name the abdominopelvic region that is located in the lower middle below the umbilical region inguinal abigastric Lumber or hypogastric the answer is d hypogastric there are three planes in human anatomy sagittal axial or transverse and frontal or coronal the sagittal plane is a vertical plane that passes through the body dividing it into left and right coronal plane is a vertical plane that passes through the body dividing it into anterior ventral and posterior dorsal positions you can say it&amp;#39;s dividing from front to back and vice versa see the orange color an axial or transverse plane is a horizontal plane that passes through the body dividing it into Superior and inferior portions a quick look of the planes again once again we have gone over these multiple times you must know these by heart let&amp;#39;s learn some combining forms suffixes and prefixes for chapter two abdomen o is abdomen Adam o means fat and anter slash o such as anterior means front cervical means the neck of the body or uterus Contra means cartilage Chromo means color and coccyco means coccyx tailbone cranial means skull cytome cell disto means far distant dorso means back portion of the body histo histio means tissue ilio means ilium of the hip bone inguinal means groin and cardio means nucleus lateral means side lumbo means lower back medial means middle and nucleol means nucleus pelvi means pelvis faringo means pharynx throat posterior means back behind Proxima means nearest and Sacro means sacrum Sarco means flesh spino means spine backbone fellow delial means nipple thoracal means chest and tracheal means trachea windpipe umbilical means navel umbilicus Ventra means belly side of the body vertebra means vertebrae backbones and visceral means internal organs prefixes Anna is up Kata means noun Epi is above hypo means the low inter means between intramines within and metamines change suffixes eel IAC and your means pertaining to is a means process or condition assay means pertaining to full of plasm means formation sums means bodies type means picture or classification quiz time again which term means process of cutting the skull thoracotomy craniotomy or discectomy arthroscopy the answer is craniotomy please learn the structure of cervix this chapter is a lot keep watching the video over and over again thank you for watching please subscribe comment like and share

Transcript for:Medical Terminology: Language of Medicine - Chapter 2

Transcript for:
Medical Terminology: Language of Medicine - Chapter 2