Tamil Nadu Freedom Struggle Overview

Welcome back to our channel Learn Here for TNPSC. In today's video, we are going to see the 10th standard, Unit 9, Freedom Struggle in Tamil Nadu. This lesson is covered in Unit 8, Role of Tamil Nadu in Freedom Struggle. So, if you cover this lesson completely, you can answer 2 questions. You will definitely get questions from this. So, let's get into the video. In the introduction, we saw that Tamilnadu was against the colonization of the colony from the beginning. In the beginning, the Palekas were against it. Then, the Indian sepoys happened in the 1806 revolution in Vellore. We have seen all these in the previous lessons. If you haven't watched the previous video, then watch the 10th standard social science lesson that I have uploaded. I will add the link of that video in the description. Next is, Western education came into India and many middle class became educated and they were able to fight against the British. They were able to fight in the constitutional path rather than the revolutionary path. They were able to fight against the British. The freedom struggle The reason for this is that, in Tamil Nadu, people are not only fighting for independence, but also for social disabilities. They are also fighting for the caste system. That is why Tamil Nadu is unique. So, that's all in the introduction. Next, let's go to the lesson. Early Nationalist Stirring in Tamil Nadu. In the beginning, how they were, in the middle of the 19th century, a group of educated middle class started growing in Madras. They started showing interest in public affairs. So, as another part of India, they formed political asociations. In other parts of India, Bengal. like Bombay and other places, they started political associations here. In those associations, Madras Native Association and Madras Mahajana Sabha These two are the political associations that started in Tamilnadu. So, we are going to see these two briefly. First, let us see about Madras Native Association. This is the earliest organization. This is the earliest organization that was created in South India. The people who started this was, Ghazalu Laxminarasu, Srinivasanar and their associates. They all started this Madras Native Association in 1852. Ghazalu Laxminarasu and Srinivasanar. The main members were merchants. Their objective was to promote the interest of its members and their focus was on reduction in taxation. So, automatically merchants would have said that they would reduce the tax imposed. So, that was their objective. Also, they did a protest against the support of government to Christian missionary activities. That is, government was supporting Christian missionary activities. So, they were protesting against that. Next, about thing now. Another important contribution of META was strong agitation against torture of the peasants by revenue officials. Peasants were being tortured by revenue officials. They had a system like Zamin Dari and Droitwari. So, they were being tortured by the peasants and collecting revenue from them. So, what was done by META? They established the Torture Commission and abolished the Torture Act. So, the important work of MNA was to abolish the Torture Act. In 1862, Madras Native Association ceased to exist. It was closed in 1862. Next, beginning of the nationalist press, The Hindu and Swadeshi Muthiran. We are going to see the story of Hindu and Swadeshi Muthiran. T. Muthusamy is the first Indian judge of Madras High Court. The first Indian judge of Madras High Court. Before this, foreigners, i.e. British people would have been the judges. Indian judge appointed for metra psychotic is T. Muthusamy He was appointed in 1877 All the press criticized him for his appointment Educated youth realized that all the press are from Europe There is no press in our Indian side So, they started a Hindu newspaper. So, they started in 1878. G Subramaniam is another Tamil, English newspaper, Hindu. Tamil newspaper is Sudeshi Mitran. It was started in 1891. It was a periodical newspaper. It was changed to daily newspaper in 1899. Since Hindu and Sudeshi Mitran started, So, what happened was that, many more Tamil and English newspapers, Indians were The newspapers that are owned by the Indian Patriot are encouraged by the Indian Patriot and the Indian Patriot. The newspapers that started like that are Indian Patriot, South Indian Mail, Madras Standards, Besabi Mani, Vijaya, Suryodayam and India. These are the native newspapers that started. Next is Madras Mahajanasabha. We have already seen Madras Native Association and Madras Mahajanasabha. Now we are going to see Madras Mahajanasabha. This is short for MMS. This is a training ground for the first generation of Nationalist leaders. So many Nationalist leaders were trained here. This was started on 16th May 1884 by MMS. It was started by Veeraraghavachari, P. Anandacharalu and P. Rangaiya. P. Rangaiya was the first president and Anandacharalu was the secretary. Next, these members have been discussing about public issues in various meetings. The objective of MMS is to create consciousness among the people of different parts of Presidency on various issues of public interest and to present it to the government. That is, the various parts in our Tamil Nadu They were able to solve various issues and bring it to the government. What did the MMS demand? Civil Service Exam was conducted in India and England at the same time. Because not many people could write in England, they were told to conduct it in England and India at the same time. Council of India and London are not required. Next, reduce tax and reduce the expenditure of civil and military. These are the demands. First demand is to make England and India in the civil service exam. Council of India and London are not required. They are asking to reduce taxes and reduce the cost of civil and military service. The demands for this building were later adopted by INC. INC was founded in 1885 by the Indian National Congress. Next is moderate phase. What is moderate phase? Provincial associations such as Madras Mahajana Sabha led to the formation of all India organizations. So, this Madras Mahajana Sabha formed in Madras has been helpful in forming some organizations at all India level. Indian National Congress leaders from different parts of India attended several meetings before the formation of Congress. Before Congress was formed, Congress leaders from all over India attended the meeting of MMS. The meeting was held in 1884 in Theosophical Society. The people who attended the meeting were Dada Bhai Naoroji, KT Telang, Surendranath Banerjee and other prominent leaders. These are the leaders who came from all over India. The leaders who came from Tamil Nadu are Jee Subramaniam, Rangaiya and Ananda Charlu from Madras. These three people came from Madras. The others came from other parts of India. The meeting was held in December 1884 at the MMS meeting in Theosophical Society. Next, in this box, prominent nationalist of Tamil Nadu Prominent nationalist of Tamil Nadu in moderate phase In moderate phase, they would have believed in constitutional method Constitutional methods are, they conduct hall meeting and discuss about problems They will discuss this and communicate it to the government. They will communicate it in the form of petitions, prayers, memoranda and other such methods. In the partition of Bengal time, the Thilakas and other leaders adopted popular methods such as mass public meeting and used vernacular language to address the large public. The early nationalists came to be known as Mordreds. In the early nationalist era, they were called Mordreds. In the Bengal partition, the Thilakas and other leaders conducted large public meetings. They gave speech in vernacular language. That native language is now spoken in Tamil Nadu. In Marathi, they speak in Marathi. So, like that, in Veranakulai languages, they speak in public meetings. The moderates of Tamil Nadu are V.S. Srinivasa Sastri, P.S. Sivasamy, V. Krishnasamy, T.R. Venkatramanar, G.A. Nadeesan, T.M. Madhavarav and S. Subramanianar. These are the moderates of Tamil Nadu. Next, we will talk about INC. The first session of INC was held in 1885 in Bombay. 72 delegates were included in the session. 22 members were from Madras. 22 members were from India. are from Madras. G Subramaniam, through his writings advanced the cause of nationalism. He has created nationalism through his writings in the people's mind. He was called Nauru. Gokhale and Navarroji will be compared. G. Subramaniam would have been in that rank. His contribution would have been that much. To the understanding of economic exploitation of India by the British. That is, how much British are looting money from India. His contribution is that of Dada Bhai Navarroji and Gokhale is in equal rank. Second session of the second session was in Kolkata. In 1886, Dada Bhai Navarroji was the chairman of the party. Third session was Muckies Garden in Madras. Now it is called Thousand Lights. Third session was in 1887. The President was Badruddin Tyabji. 607 people from all over India participated in this project. In that 362 people were Madras Presidency The region in which Madras Presidency is located is present day, present states of Andhra Pradesh, coastal districts and royal sema in Karnataka, Bangalore, Bellary, South Kannara, Malabar region in Kerala The region of Kanjam in Odisha is where the Madras presidency is located. Next is Swadeshi movement. This partition of Bengal became the reason for Swadeshi movement. In various parts of India, especially Bengal, Punjab, Maharashtra, popular leaders took over. They implemented the program of Calcutta Congress which called upon the nation to promote Swadeshi enterprise, boycott foreign goods and promote national education. The Swadeshi movement was formed by the Swadeshi enterprise. They say that we should promote the products that are made in India. They say that we should boycott foreign goods and promote national education. In Tamil Nadu also, Swadeshi movement has had a huge impact. Next, response in Tamil Nadu. Let's see what kind of response there was for the Swadeshi movement in Tamil Nadu. V.O. Chidambaranar, V. Chakkarayar, Subramanian Bharathi and Surendranath Arya are the prominent leaders of Tamil Nadu for the Sudeshi movement. Tamil is used on the public platform for the first time to mobilize the people. First of all, they would have spoken in Tamil. Subramanian Bharathi's patriotic songs were very important. Many journals to spread the Swadeshi ideals, Swadeshi Mitran, India, these are the prominent journals that spread the Swadeshi idea. Next, Bipin Chandra Paul, who was an extremist leader, Madras. He would have given a lecture. It inspired the youth. Students and youth would have participated in the Swadeshi movement. Next, Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company. This is Swadeshi Stream Navigation Company started in Thoothukudi with Vavu Siddambaranar He bought two ships, Galea and Lavo. The ship travels between Thoothukudi and Colombo. Since there were many competitions from European companies, the role of partition was played by the government. because of this, VOC effort failed because of this, VOC effort failed so they couldn't run this ship for long Next is Tirunelveli Uprising Vahusi joined with Subramaniya Siva and organized the mill workers in Tirunelveli Vahusi joined with Subramaniya Siva and organized the mill workers In the video, you can see a strike by European The Coral Mill was the place where the European's had their strike in 1908. It coincided with the release of Bipin Chandra Pal, Vavusi and Subramanian Siva who organized a public meeting to celebrate the release of Bipin were arrested. Why this strike happened is because Bipin Chandra Pal, Vavusi and Subramanian Siva released the Bipin Chandra Pal. They were arrested because they had arranged a public meeting to celebrate the release of Bipin Chandrappan. So, they were arrested because of that. So, those two leaders were arrested. They were given a big sentence and put them in jail. Initially VOC gave life imprisonment twice. This news spread all over Tirunelveli and burned the police station, court building, municipal office. So it led to the death of 4 people in police firing. So police fire caused 4 people to die. Vavusi was treated harshly in prison. He was given oil check in jail. Others to be arrested are G Subramaniam and Ethiraj Surendranathayai. Subramaniam Bharathi escaped to Pondicherry to escape from Jail. Pondicherry was under French rule. So, many people escaped to Pondicherry following Bharathi. They are Aurobindo Gozo and V.V. Subramanian So, the brutal crackdown on the Sudheshi movement was not able to happen and it was closed in Tamil Nadu. Revolutionary activities in Tamil Nadu That is Swadeshi movement Inspired youth a lot But what happened in that They went without a leader So that is Revolutionary Panducherry was a safe place for the revolutionaries. Many revolutionaries from Tamilnadu were trained in India House in London and Paris. The important people are MPT Acharya, V.V. Subramanianar and T.S.S. Rajan. Revolutionary literature is distributed by them in Madras through Pondicherry. The revolutionary literature was published in Madras through Pondicherry. Many newspapers like India, Vijaya, Suryodhyam were published in Pondicherry and then in Tamilnadu. The revolutionary papers and Bharati's poem were banned at that time. These activities in Pondicherry intensified with the arrival of Aurobindo Ghosh and V.V. Subramanian in 1920. These activities continued till the outbreak of the First World War. These activities were carried out by Aurobindo Ghosh and V.V. Subramanian. Ash Murder 1904 In 1904, Neelakanta Brahmacharya and others formed a secret society called Bharatamata Society. The objective of Bharatamata Society was to kill the British officials and thereby kindle patriotic fever among the people. Among the people, that is, the motive was to kill British officials. Vanchinathan of Sengottai was influenced by this organization. So, on 17th June 1911, Robert W.D. Ash was killed. Robert WD Ash is the collector of Tirunelveli. He was killed at Maniachi Railway Junction. He shot himself. Next is Annie Besant and the Home Rule Movement. Now we are going to see Annie Besant. While the extremists and revolutionaries were suppressed with iron hand, The modern modernist are the modernist. They are fighting for constitutional reforms. However, they were disappointed with the Minto Morley reform as it did not provide for responsible government. But the Minto Morley reform was a big disappointment for them as they would not have said that they were forming a responsible government. So, Congress supported World War II, even though it supported British War, British government did not give them a chance to form a strong government. So they were very disappointed. In that time, Annie Besant, an Irish lady, she was the leader of the Theosophical Society. She proposed the Home Rule Movement on the model of the Irish Home Rule League. In that model, in India, they proposed the Home Rule Movement. So they are... Home Rule league was started in 1916 GS Arundel, BP Vaadi and CP Ramasamy were the 3 people who assisted them in their campaigns So what they demanded was they demanded the Home Rule with only a nominal alliance to British Crown That is, under British Crown we rule alone They started it in Newspapers New India and Commonweal were their 2 newspapers They said that better bullock carts and freedom than a train deluxe with subjection. That is, a good cattle train is suitable for a free cattle train. But we cannot travel in a train with restrictions. Under the Press Act of 1910, Annie Besant was arrested. asked to pay a hefty amount as security. Security is a very big amount they are asking to pay. They have written two books. How India Wrought for Freedom. This is a book. How India Wrought for Freedom An India and National and a Pamphlet on Self-Government. They have written two books. Many students have joined this movement. They have formed into Boy Scout and Voluntary Troop. and they have formed a group of students and they have formed a group of students So, as you can see, They were prohibited from making public speeches or involving in any political activity. So British government told them that they should not give any public speech or any political activity. Annie Besant was elected as INC President in 1917. The members of the Home Rule Movement, BP and Wadiya played a key role in organizing the working class by forming trade unions. form and play an important role in the family. played. Who is it? BP Vaadiya. After that, Gandhi rose as the national leader. Annie Besant and her homebrew league eclipsed. Next, non-Brahmin movement and the challenge to Congress. Because of this non-Brahmin movement, Congress faced a lot of challenges. We are going to see. Meanwhile, in education, Madras presidency grew rapidly. Many people number of educated non-Brahmin's increased they raised the issue of caste discrimination and unequal opportunity in the government employment and representation in the election body which were dominated by Brahmins The issue raised by the government is that there is a lot of caste discrimination, opportunities are for Brahmins, government employment, underrepresented elected body, Brahmins dominate and other castes are suppressed. They have been told that they are being harassed. They have been told that there are many Brahmins in Congress. South Indian Liberal Federation South Non Brahmins They all started a political organization In 1912 Madras Dravidian Association Formed C. Nadesanar was the secretary He played an active role In June 1916 Dravidian Association hostel For non Brahmins students C. Nadesanar started He also played a key role in bridging the difference between two leading non-feminine leaders of the time dr t.m neyer and p thiyagar ayar so you know you're in the pyramid and the dumb but in a brahmin stop both of them and the patina earlier part of the Congress and were disillusioned by how non promise was sidelined in the organization now I'm very rather than 1960 and la patina meeting and not under go 13 non-feminine so and I will call under ponga The leaders are P. Thyagarayar, Dr. T.M. Nayar and C. Nadezhdar. This meeting took place in Victoria Public Hall in Chennai. It was held by the South Indian Liberal Federation, SILF. It was formed to promote the interest of non-Brahmin. They launched three newspapers in one language. In English, Justice newspaper, in Tamil, Dravidian newspaper, in Telugu, Andhra Prakashika newspaper. After that, the South Indian Liberal Federation was formed as Justice Party. Next, Demand for Reservation. This Justice party demands for reservation. Non-Brahmin Manifesto was released. What was in Non-Brahmin Manifesto was Reservation of Jobs for Non-Brahmin Manifesto. non-Brahmin in government services. Government services should give reservation to non-Brahmin. Next, seats in representative bodies. It opposed the home rule movement as a movement of Brahmins and feared that home rule might give them more power. So, they opposed the Home Rule Movement because it was called the Movement of Brahmin. So, they opposed the movement that said that it would not give much power to the Brahmins. And then, they criticized the Congress Party and the Party of Brahmins. Next, Montague Announcements of Political Reforms in the Parliament in 1917 intensified political discussions in Tamil Nadu. Montague Chemsford reforms There were many political discussions in Tamil Nadu. Justice party would have demanded communal representation. Communal representation means, representation for various communities. Madras Govt. supported Justice party. In the act of 1919, Non-promise was given a seat. Congress criticized this move. Congress criticized it. Justice party welcomed this move. Next is Justice Ministry. Justice party will be discussing the ministries that are being formed in Tamilnadu. After the act of 1929, an election was held in 1920. So, Congress boycotted that election. So, Justice Party won that election. Since Congress didn't participate, Justice Party won. Out of those, 63 seats were won in the Legislative Council. So, that's why they formed a ministry. Subraayalu of the Justice Party became the first CM. Next 1923 In the 23rd election, the Raj of Panagal, who is a member of the Justice party, formed the ministry. They were reservation of appointments in local bodies and education institutions. They were given reservations in these. Establishment of staffs, so what the Justice party brought is, they were given reservations in local body appointments and education institutions. Reservation was given to the caste individually. Next, the staff selection board was established. TNPC That was the staff selection board. That later became the public service commission. Next is the enactment of the Hindu Religious Endowment Act. And the Madras State Aid to Industries Act. They abolished the Deva Dasi system. Allotment of the waste land to the poor. And the extension of primary education to the depressed class through fees concession. depression depressed class fees people education and scholarships are given to depressed people next is government's repressive measures we are going to see about Rowlatt act in world war 1, Indians were very much expected to get reforms from the British but Draconian Anarchal and Revolutionary Crimes Act this is called Rowlatt act This act was given by Sir Sidney Rowlett. This act was passed in 1990. This act says that anyone could be imprisoned without due judicial process. The Indians were very angry with this. Gandhi was also very angry. He used the same method in South Africa This is the Raulet Satyagraha This Raulet Satyagraha started against the Raulet Act In Tamil Nadu, they are talking about Raulet Satyagraha On 18th March 1919, Gandhi had an address in Marina beach 6th April 1919 Hartle was organized to protest against the Black Act. So, bunts would have taken place. Because, the Rawlath Act is called the Black Act. So, protests would have taken place against this Act. So in many places, large gatherings of people were there and they were fasting in Marina beach whole day. Madras Sathyagraha Sabha was formed. So in this time of Raule Sathyagraha, Madras Sathyagraha Sabha was formed. Rajaji, Kasturi Ranganath, Sathyamurthy and George Joseph they all had addressed this meeting so separate meeting of workers was addressed by V Kalyanasundaram that is Thiruvika, BP Vadia and Vavusi workers all had a separate meeting that was addressed by Thiruvika, BP Vadia and Vavusi Next, we will see about George Joseph. George Joseph played a leading role in organizing and publicizing the cause of Home Rule League in Madurai. He was born in Chengannur, Alapulla district in Kerala state. He was born in Chengannur but settled in Madurai. He was a lawyer of people and practiced. He led the Vaikam Sathyagraha in Kerala. He championed the cause of the criminal tribes of Tamil Nadu. He was fondly called Rosa Pudurai. What he is called is Rosa Pudurai. People of Madurai. By the people of Madurai. He helped the Harvey mill workers of Madurai. Madurai to set up Madurai Labour Union 1918. So Madurai Labour Union 1918 started by him. So the one who started the Madurai Labour Union is Harvey Millworkers of Madurai. Next we are going to see is the Gilafat movement. Jallianwala bath masquerade has happened. So, for that Jallianwala bath masquerade, what happened was, I think many of you know the story of that. They would have fallen in the well and started firing. People would voluntarily go to the well and die. The reason for this is General Dyer. The British government did not punish him. This is the reason why the caliph of Turkey was arrested and his power was taken away. To restore the power of the caliph, the caliphate movement was started. So Muslims started this movement We observe the day of Khilafat in Tamil Nadu 17th April 1920 is the day of Khilafat in Tamil Nadu With a meeting presided over by Maulana Shah Kuthali Maulana Shah Kuthali presides that meeting another such conference similar to this another conference took place on this road Vaniyambadi is the epicenter of Khilafat Agitation the important place for Khilafat Agitation is the Khilafat Agitation the Khilafat Agitation the Next we are going to see Non-cooperation movement. Tamilnadu was very active in Non-cooperation movement. C.Rajaji and E.V.Ramasamy were the leaders of Non-cooperation movement. Rajaji would have worked closely with Yaku Bajan. Yaku Bajan was founder of Madras branch of Muslim League. Muslim League The head of the Madras branch of the Muslim community is Yaqub Hazan. So the Hindus and Muslims are very close to each other in Tamilnadu. Next is No Tax Campaign and Temperance Movement No Tax Campaign and Temperance Movement Non-Cooperation Movement refused to pay tax in many places no tax campaign was conducted in Thanjavur. Many councils, schools, courts boycotted, foreign goods were boycotted. Many people had strike in many places. Another important thing is Temperance Movement or Movement against Liquor. They say that this is the temperance movement to close the liquor shops. Toddy shops were picketed. What do the liquor shops do? Demonstrations and audits were organized in all parts of the Presidency. There were also agitations by communities against the Criminal Tribes Act. There were many protests against the Criminal Tribes Act. In November 1921, they decided to start the Civil Disobedience Movement. Rajaji, Subramanya Sastry and E.V.R.A were arrested. Prince of Wales visited on 13th January 1992. They boycotted him as well. Police were killed twice and injured twice. Police were killed twice and injured twice. In 1922, Gandhi is the one who is exiled. Why is he exiled? There is an incident called Chauri Choura. The incident is about the people who go to the police station in Chauri Choura and burn the dead bodies. 22 policemen inside the police station burn the bodies and die. So what is Gandhi's way? Gandhi wanted to fight against the agimsa. It was not Gandhi's plan to kill and threaten them. It was his plan to fight against the agimsa. So, Gandhi was very angry and closed the non-cooperation movement. He withdrew. Next, EVR, the constructive program. Who is EVR? It is our big brother. He is a promotion and sale of kathi. You have to apply it on the earlobe only. He promotes the concept of flicker. He is opposition to the conception of flicker. He cut down the entire coconut drawn owned by him. He cuts down all the coconut trees in his land. He would have played a key role in the Vaikam Satyagraha. Depressed class will not allow to walk in the streets around the temple. So Vaikam Satyagraha fought for that. Many major leaders in Kerala So, he goes to Vyakkam and takes the movement to the next level. He is arrested and put in jail. He is released. What does he do next? He was given a speech and arrested again. He was put in jail for 6 months. He returned to Erode. He was arrested again for promoting Kathi. He was arrested 3 times in this period. In June 1925, After he did this, The ban was released in June 1925. the ban on the roads around the temple So, in the end, the people of all the races and races were told to walk on the road. So, he participated in this very much and this victory was achieved. He is known as Vaikam Hero in the Vaikam region. That is why it is called Vaikam Veerar in Tamil. Next, let us see the controversy of Cheranma Devi Gurukulam. Thank you. Even though there is a controversy about the Chiranma Devi Gurukulam, the opposition to the communal representation within the Congress led to Ivera leaving the Congress. There are two reasons for this. One is the issue of the Cheranma Devi Gurukulam and the other is the opposition to the communal representation within the Congress. The Congress opposes the communal representation. So, because he doesn't like both these, he left Congress. The Chayarama Devi Guru Kulam is run by V. V. Subramaniam. The fund for the Chayarama Devi Guru Kulam comes from Congress. The news that many students are being discriminated against in the Guru Kulam is spread to the majority. Brahmins and non-Brahmin students are eating separately. They are also eating separately. food is being served to the people. So, what he is doing is, along with D.P. Varadaraj, he is asking questions. So, he is not liking this. He is asking why are you doing this. Next, the conference is taking place in the Tamilnadu Congress Committee. The conference is taking place in Kanjuburam. It is taking place on 29th November 1925. He is raising the issue of representation for non-promise in the legislation. He raised the issue of representation for non-bromance. He has been asking this from 1920 to Congress. But he has been asking this for 5 years. But what happened is, Congress did not accept it. So he got angry and left the Congress conference. He left and spoke with some non-bromance leaders separately. self-respect movement started the self respect movement Swarajist and Justice after Gandhi started the non-cooperation movement congress split into two one is no changes and the other is pro changes no changes means They don't want any changes. They are only saying that they are going to the council and they don't want any changes. Another person is pro-changers. They say that they contest in the elections and they buy seats in the elections. They say that they will do this after going to the council. So, they are divided into two groups, No Changes and Pro Changes. Rajaji along with other staunch Gandhian followers oppose the council entry. So, Rajaji and others are No Changes. Along with Kasturi Ranganath, M.A.Ansari and Rajaji, they boycott the council. Opposition, they oppose this by forming Swaraj Party within the Congress. Who forms it? Chitrantharan Das and Mothilal Nehru. Both of them are called CR Das. Chitranchan Das. Both of them form Swaraj Party. In Tamil Nadu, Swarajist is Srinivasanar and S. Sathyamurthy. In Tamil Nadu, Swarajist is Srinivasanar and S. Sathyamurthy. Next is Subrayan Ministry. Elections are taking place in 1926. In that, Swarajist is the Swaraj party is formed by a party within the Congress itself. So they say that they want to stop the elections. They are the pro-changers. They are the Swarajists. So they are stopped in the 1926 elections. They are wanting the majority of seats. But what they did was the government did not form. Because they are within the Congress. So they have to follow the Congress policy. So what they are doing is support the member. The independent member is P Subrayan. He supported P Subrayan and formed the ministry. After that, in the 1930 election, Swarajist did not participate in the contest. So, in the 1930 election, Justice party won. So, this Justice party, till 1937, and very common the party Next is Simon Commission Boycott. In 1927, a Satiratory Commission was formed. The leader was Sir John Simon. Why? To review the act of 1919. Government of India put the act of 1919. How did that act work? Did they bring any changes? This was put up to review the act. They will review it and suggest reforms. But the disappointment is that the Simon Commission is an all-white commission. Not even a single member is Indian. All are white members. So, Congress... boycotted in the Simon Commission. In Madras, Simon Boycott Propaganda Committee was set up with S. Sathyamurthy as the President. So, the President and the RN were S. Sathyamurthy. The arrival of Simon Commission in Madras on 18th February 1929 was greeted with demonstration and heartle. On 18th February 1929, Simon Commission came to Madras. But it was very much opposed. They showed black coats and went. They protested against them. Next is the Civil Disobedience Movement. It is called CDM. Towards Purnasaraj. In 1920s, Congress with Gandhi in leadership. was transforming into a broad based movement in Tamil Nadu The Madras session of the Indian National Congress in 1927 declared complete independence as its goal In 1927, the INC session will take place in Madras In that, they will take the goal of complete independence So they will have appointed a committee The head of the committee is Mothilal Nehru He will say to frame the constitution to frame the constitutional reforms in opposition to the Simon Commission time. They asked the Simon commission to frame a constitutional reform and appointed a committee under the leadership of Mothilal Nehru. In 1929, in the Lagru session of INC, the complete independence was adopted. On 26th January 1930, the national flag was hoisted by Javaglal Nehru, as the declaration of independence 26 January 1930, Javaral Nair hoist the national flag in the river Ravi. Next is Salt march to Vedaranya. This Viztai did not accept any demand from Gandhi. Gandhi became very angry and started the Civil Discipline movement. He started Salt Satyagraha. So he was punished in the middle. He is travelling to Dundee. He starts his journey on 12th March 1930. This CDM movement is a massive movement. Students, shopkeepers, workers, women participate in this movement. This is happening in Tamil Nadu also. Rajaji is the one who organizes it. For the Sal Satyagraha, Vedaranyam is done. This is started on 13th April 1930. It ends on 20th April. This Vedaranyam is from Tanjavur district. This special song is composed by V.Ramalinganar. We read in Tamil that, Kathi Indri Ratham Indri Yudham Undru That is the song. When Vedaranyam reached, he was accompanied by 12 volunteers. They broke the salt law. Rajaji was arrested. The leaders who participated in the Salasathya Kerala were T.S.S. Rajan, Rukmani Lakshmipathy, Sardar Vedarathnam, C.Swaminathar, K.Sandhanam and the prominent leaders who participated in the Vedaranyam Salas. Next is the Tamil district of widespread agitation. In Tamil Nadu districts, where all the fights took place is, Satyagrahi fought the leadership of T.Prakasam and K.Nageshwara Rao. They set up a camp at Udevanam near Madras. They set up a camp near Madras near Udevanam. Who are they? T.Prakasam and K.Nageshwara Rao. So the police came and arrested them. So there is a lot of protest in Madras. Police and people are clashing in Thiruvallikenni. There is a 3 hour protest. 27th April 1930. 3 people died in the protest. Next is the wall inters, the participants are arrested in the Salthi Satyagraha hall in Rameshwaram. Similarly, the Uvari, Anjengo, Vepalodai, Toothukudi, Taruvai Kulam are also arrested. The police arrest the people who are walking here. The next women are participating in this with interest. Rukmani Lashmimathi is the first woman. She is paying the penalty. violation of salt law. Police are very brutal in suppressing this movement. Bashyam, popularly known as Aryan, will hoist the national flag on 26th January 1932. Next is the Matrodome of Tirupur Kumaran. Tirupur Kumaran will die. On 11th January 1932, he will take the national flag and sing patriotic songs. He will be beaten by the police. His full name is Tirupur OK SR Kumaraswamy. He is called Tirupur Kumaraswamy. He will fall down and die. But even then he will not let the national flag fall down. He will hold a flag in his hand and die. So that is why he is called Tirupur OK SR Kumaraswamy. The first is Congress Ministry. Government of India Act 1935. In that, Provincial Autonomy is given. So, in 1937, in the election, Congress Ministry. Congress won in many places and then formed the government. Justice party lost. Rajaji formed the first Congress Ministry in Tamil Nadu. He introduced the prohibition on an experimental basis in Salem. He started the prohibition in Salem to make the alcohols disappear. So, our liquor store... to compensate the revenue of the temple he introduces sales tax for untouchables he opens temples separately Next, T Prakash amma becomes the leader and starts a committee. He starts a committee with T Prakash amma as the leader. To enquire into the condition of the tenants in the zamindari areas. He forms a committee to enquire about the condition of the tenants in the zamindari areas. However, excepting Debit Consolation Board to reduce the rural indebtedness, no other measures were adopted. They did not adopt any measure given by the committee. Except Debit Consolation Board. That is rural indebtedness. This board was formed to reduce their indebtedness. In the Second World War, without consulting the Congress Ministry, the British would have made Indians participate in the Second World War. So they would have resigned all the ministers. A temple entry program with origins in Madurai Meenakshi Amman temple was organized in 9th July 1939. Vaidyanathar, Ellen Gopalaswamy, Vaidyanathar is the president and Ellen Gopalaswamy is the secretary. So, Harijans are not allowed to enter Madurai Meenakshi Amman temple. So, the temple is not allowed to enter Madurai Meenakshi Amman temple. Entry Authorization and Indemnity Act of 1939 was proposed to prevent this disability from being present in the class. Next is Anti-India Agitation Another controversial measure of Rajaji is that he has introduced India as a compulsory subject in schools Periyar will oppose this and conduct an Anti-India conference in Salem The Scheduled Caste Federation and Muslim League will support Periyar in this Anti-India agitation Nadarajan and Thalamuthu They will die in prison because of this struggle. Next is Quit India Struggle. Due to the failure of the Crips mission, the war time and the increase in the prices, Gandhi passed the Quit India Resolution on 8th August 1942. In the resolution, he introduced the slogan, Do or Die. All the Congress leaders were arrested overnight after launching the Quit India Movement. At that time, Kamarajar was returning from Bombay. He will notice the local leaders and arrest them in the railway station. Kamarajar gives the slip and gets down at Arakonam. He gets down and works in the underground for Kuttyindia movement. Rajaji and Sathyamurthy are arrested. They are arrested because their pamphlets are distributed. So they are arrested. and undying mask All sections of the society participated in this movement. Many workers were staked. Kingam and Carnatic Mills, Madras Port Trust, Madras Corporation, Electric Tramway, all of them were staked. Telegraph and telephone lines were cut. Public buildings in Vellore and Panapakkam were burnt. That much of struggle was over. Many colleges students also protested. Airport in Soolur was attacked. Trains in Coimbatore were also attacked. Congress volunteers clashed with the military in Madurai. They fought with the military. Police firing in Rajapalayam, Karai Kudi, Devakottai was started. Many young men and women joined INI. So, they used a brutal force to stop the Kutty India movement. suppressed. Then Royal Indian Navy Mutiny took place. The negotiations initiated by the newly formed Labour Party government in England resulting in India's independence but sadly with partition of the country into India and Pakistan has formed a part of Lesanian Union. What happened after this we will see in the next unit. Royal Indian Navy Mutiny took place. In England this changed. Labour Party government changed. So after that India got freedom. So, we will see the details in the next lesson. Hope you liked this video.

You will definitely get questions from this. So, let's get into the video. In the introduction, we saw that Tamilnadu was against the colonization of the colony from the beginning. In the beginning, the Palekas were against it. Then, the Indian sepoys happened in the 1806 revolution in Vellore.

We have seen all these in the previous lessons. If you haven't watched the previous video, then watch the 10th standard social science lesson that I have uploaded. I will add the link of that video in the description.

Next is, Western education came into India and many middle class became educated and they were able to fight against the British. They were able to fight in the constitutional path rather than the revolutionary path. They were able to fight against the British. The freedom struggle The reason for this is that, in Tamil Nadu, people are not only fighting for independence, but also for social disabilities. They are also fighting for the caste system.

That is why Tamil Nadu is unique. So, that's all in the introduction. Next, let's go to the lesson. Early Nationalist Stirring in Tamil Nadu.

In the beginning, how they were, in the middle of the 19th century, a group of educated middle class started growing in Madras. They started showing interest in public affairs. So, as another part of India, they formed political asociations. In other parts of India, Bengal. like Bombay and other places, they started political associations here.

In those associations, Madras Native Association and Madras Mahajana Sabha These two are the political associations that started in Tamilnadu. So, we are going to see these two briefly. First, let us see about Madras Native Association.

This is the earliest organization. This is the earliest organization that was created in South India. The people who started this was, Ghazalu Laxminarasu, Srinivasanar and their associates.

They all started this Madras Native Association in 1852. Ghazalu Laxminarasu and Srinivasanar. The main members were merchants. Their objective was to promote the interest of its members and their focus was on reduction in taxation. So, automatically merchants would have said that they would reduce the tax imposed. So, that was their objective.

Also, they did a protest against the support of government to Christian missionary activities. That is, government was supporting Christian missionary activities. So, they were protesting against that.

Next, about thing now. Another important contribution of META was strong agitation against torture of the peasants by revenue officials. Peasants were being tortured by revenue officials.

They had a system like Zamin Dari and Droitwari. So, they were being tortured by the peasants and collecting revenue from them. So, what was done by META? They established the Torture Commission and abolished the Torture Act. So, the important work of MNA was to abolish the Torture Act.

In 1862, Madras Native Association ceased to exist. It was closed in 1862. Next, beginning of the nationalist press, The Hindu and Swadeshi Muthiran. We are going to see the story of Hindu and Swadeshi Muthiran. T. Muthusamy is the first Indian judge of Madras High Court.

The first Indian judge of Madras High Court. Before this, foreigners, i.e. British people would have been the judges. Indian judge appointed for metra psychotic is T. Muthusamy He was appointed in 1877 All the press criticized him for his appointment Educated youth realized that all the press are from Europe There is no press in our Indian side So, they started a Hindu newspaper.

So, they started in 1878. G Subramaniam is another Tamil, English newspaper, Hindu. Tamil newspaper is Sudeshi Mitran. It was started in 1891. It was a periodical newspaper. It was changed to daily newspaper in 1899. Since Hindu and Sudeshi Mitran started, So, what happened was that, many more Tamil and English newspapers, Indians were The newspapers that are owned by the Indian Patriot are encouraged by the Indian Patriot and the Indian Patriot. The newspapers that started like that are Indian Patriot, South Indian Mail, Madras Standards, Besabi Mani, Vijaya, Suryodayam and India.

These are the native newspapers that started. Next is Madras Mahajanasabha. We have already seen Madras Native Association and Madras Mahajanasabha.

Now we are going to see Madras Mahajanasabha. This is short for MMS. This is a training ground for the first generation of Nationalist leaders. So many Nationalist leaders were trained here. This was started on 16th May 1884 by MMS.

It was started by Veeraraghavachari, P. Anandacharalu and P. Rangaiya. P. Rangaiya was the first president and Anandacharalu was the secretary.

Next, these members have been discussing about public issues in various meetings. The objective of MMS is to create consciousness among the people of different parts of Presidency on various issues of public interest and to present it to the government. That is, the various parts in our Tamil Nadu They were able to solve various issues and bring it to the government.

What did the MMS demand? Civil Service Exam was conducted in India and England at the same time. Because not many people could write in England, they were told to conduct it in England and India at the same time.

Council of India and London are not required. Next, reduce tax and reduce the expenditure of civil and military. These are the demands. First demand is to make England and India in the civil service exam. Council of India and London are not required.

They are asking to reduce taxes and reduce the cost of civil and military service. The demands for this building were later adopted by INC. INC was founded in 1885 by the Indian National Congress. Next is moderate phase. What is moderate phase?

Provincial associations such as Madras Mahajana Sabha led to the formation of all India organizations. So, this Madras Mahajana Sabha formed in Madras has been helpful in forming some organizations at all India level. Indian National Congress leaders from different parts of India attended several meetings before the formation of Congress.

Before Congress was formed, Congress leaders from all over India attended the meeting of MMS. The meeting was held in 1884 in Theosophical Society. The people who attended the meeting were Dada Bhai Naoroji, KT Telang, Surendranath Banerjee and other prominent leaders.

These are the leaders who came from all over India. The leaders who came from Tamil Nadu are Jee Subramaniam, Rangaiya and Ananda Charlu from Madras. These three people came from Madras.

The others came from other parts of India. The meeting was held in December 1884 at the MMS meeting in Theosophical Society. Next, in this box, prominent nationalist of Tamil Nadu Prominent nationalist of Tamil Nadu in moderate phase In moderate phase, they would have believed in constitutional method Constitutional methods are, they conduct hall meeting and discuss about problems They will discuss this and communicate it to the government.

They will communicate it in the form of petitions, prayers, memoranda and other such methods. In the partition of Bengal time, the Thilakas and other leaders adopted popular methods such as mass public meeting and used vernacular language to address the large public. The early nationalists came to be known as Mordreds. In the early nationalist era, they were called Mordreds.

In the Bengal partition, the Thilakas and other leaders conducted large public meetings. They gave speech in vernacular language. That native language is now spoken in Tamil Nadu. In Marathi, they speak in Marathi.

So, like that, in Veranakulai languages, they speak in public meetings. The moderates of Tamil Nadu are V.S. Srinivasa Sastri, P.S. Sivasamy, V. Krishnasamy, T.R. Venkatramanar, G.A. Nadeesan, T.M. Madhavarav and S. Subramanianar. These are the moderates of Tamil Nadu.

Next, we will talk about INC. The first session of INC was held in 1885 in Bombay. 72 delegates were included in the session.

22 members were from Madras. 22 members were from India. are from Madras.

G Subramaniam, through his writings advanced the cause of nationalism. He has created nationalism through his writings in the people's mind. He was called Nauru. Gokhale and Navarroji will be compared.

G. Subramaniam would have been in that rank. His contribution would have been that much.

To the understanding of economic exploitation of India by the British. That is, how much British are looting money from India. His contribution is that of Dada Bhai Navarroji and Gokhale is in equal rank.

Second session of the second session was in Kolkata. In 1886, Dada Bhai Navarroji was the chairman of the party. Third session was Muckies Garden in Madras. Now it is called Thousand Lights. Third session was in 1887. The President was Badruddin Tyabji.

607 people from all over India participated in this project. In that 362 people were Madras Presidency The region in which Madras Presidency is located is present day, present states of Andhra Pradesh, coastal districts and royal sema in Karnataka, Bangalore, Bellary, South Kannara, Malabar region in Kerala The region of Kanjam in Odisha is where the Madras presidency is located. Next is Swadeshi movement.

This partition of Bengal became the reason for Swadeshi movement. In various parts of India, especially Bengal, Punjab, Maharashtra, popular leaders took over. They implemented the program of Calcutta Congress which called upon the nation to promote Swadeshi enterprise, boycott foreign goods and promote national education.

The Swadeshi movement was formed by the Swadeshi enterprise. They say that we should promote the products that are made in India. They say that we should boycott foreign goods and promote national education. In Tamil Nadu also, Swadeshi movement has had a huge impact.

Next, response in Tamil Nadu. Let's see what kind of response there was for the Swadeshi movement in Tamil Nadu. V.O. Chidambaranar, V. Chakkarayar, Subramanian Bharathi and Surendranath Arya are the prominent leaders of Tamil Nadu for the Sudeshi movement. Tamil is used on the public platform for the first time to mobilize the people. First of all, they would have spoken in Tamil.

Subramanian Bharathi's patriotic songs were very important. Many journals to spread the Swadeshi ideals, Swadeshi Mitran, India, these are the prominent journals that spread the Swadeshi idea. Next, Bipin Chandra Paul, who was an extremist leader, Madras. He would have given a lecture.

It inspired the youth. Students and youth would have participated in the Swadeshi movement. Next, Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company. This is Swadeshi Stream Navigation Company started in Thoothukudi with Vavu Siddambaranar He bought two ships, Galea and Lavo. The ship travels between Thoothukudi and Colombo.

Since there were many competitions from European companies, the role of partition was played by the government. because of this, VOC effort failed because of this, VOC effort failed so they couldn't run this ship for long Next is Tirunelveli Uprising Vahusi joined with Subramaniya Siva and organized the mill workers in Tirunelveli Vahusi joined with Subramaniya Siva and organized the mill workers In the video, you can see a strike by European The Coral Mill was the place where the European's had their strike in 1908. It coincided with the release of Bipin Chandra Pal, Vavusi and Subramanian Siva who organized a public meeting to celebrate the release of Bipin were arrested. Why this strike happened is because Bipin Chandra Pal, Vavusi and Subramanian Siva released the Bipin Chandra Pal.

They were arrested because they had arranged a public meeting to celebrate the release of Bipin Chandrappan. So, they were arrested because of that. So, those two leaders were arrested.

They were given a big sentence and put them in jail. Initially VOC gave life imprisonment twice. This news spread all over Tirunelveli and burned the police station, court building, municipal office.

So it led to the death of 4 people in police firing. So police fire caused 4 people to die. Vavusi was treated harshly in prison.

He was given oil check in jail. Others to be arrested are G Subramaniam and Ethiraj Surendranathayai. Subramaniam Bharathi escaped to Pondicherry to escape from Jail. Pondicherry was under French rule. So, many people escaped to Pondicherry following Bharathi.

They are Aurobindo Gozo and V.V. Subramanian So, the brutal crackdown on the Sudheshi movement was not able to happen and it was closed in Tamil Nadu. Revolutionary activities in Tamil Nadu That is Swadeshi movement Inspired youth a lot But what happened in that They went without a leader So that is Revolutionary Panducherry was a safe place for the revolutionaries. Many revolutionaries from Tamilnadu were trained in India House in London and Paris. The important people are MPT Acharya, V.V. Subramanianar and T.S.S. Rajan.

Revolutionary literature is distributed by them in Madras through Pondicherry. The revolutionary literature was published in Madras through Pondicherry. Many newspapers like India, Vijaya, Suryodhyam were published in Pondicherry and then in Tamilnadu. The revolutionary papers and Bharati's poem were banned at that time.

These activities in Pondicherry intensified with the arrival of Aurobindo Ghosh and V.V. Subramanian in 1920. These activities continued till the outbreak of the First World War. These activities were carried out by Aurobindo Ghosh and V.V.

Subramanian. Ash Murder 1904 In 1904, Neelakanta Brahmacharya and others formed a secret society called Bharatamata Society. The objective of Bharatamata Society was to kill the British officials and thereby kindle patriotic fever among the people. Among the people, that is, the motive was to kill British officials. Vanchinathan of Sengottai was influenced by this organization.

So, on 17th June 1911, Robert W.D. Ash was killed. Robert WD Ash is the collector of Tirunelveli. He was killed at Maniachi Railway Junction.

He shot himself. Next is Annie Besant and the Home Rule Movement. Now we are going to see Annie Besant.

While the extremists and revolutionaries were suppressed with iron hand, The modern modernist are the modernist. They are fighting for constitutional reforms. However, they were disappointed with the Minto Morley reform as it did not provide for responsible government. But the Minto Morley reform was a big disappointment for them as they would not have said that they were forming a responsible government.

So, Congress supported World War II, even though it supported British War, British government did not give them a chance to form a strong government. So they were very disappointed. In that time, Annie Besant, an Irish lady, she was the leader of the Theosophical Society. She proposed the Home Rule Movement on the model of the Irish Home Rule League.

In that model, in India, they proposed the Home Rule Movement. So they are... Home Rule league was started in 1916 GS Arundel, BP Vaadi and CP Ramasamy were the 3 people who assisted them in their campaigns So what they demanded was they demanded the Home Rule with only a nominal alliance to British Crown That is, under British Crown we rule alone They started it in Newspapers New India and Commonweal were their 2 newspapers They said that better bullock carts and freedom than a train deluxe with subjection.

That is, a good cattle train is suitable for a free cattle train. But we cannot travel in a train with restrictions. Under the Press Act of 1910, Annie Besant was arrested.

asked to pay a hefty amount as security. Security is a very big amount they are asking to pay. They have written two books. How India Wrought for Freedom.

This is a book. How India Wrought for Freedom An India and National and a Pamphlet on Self-Government. They have written two books.

Many students have joined this movement. They have formed into Boy Scout and Voluntary Troop. and they have formed a group of students and they have formed a group of students So, as you can see, They were prohibited from making public speeches or involving in any political activity. So British government told them that they should not give any public speech or any political activity. Annie Besant was elected as INC President in 1917. The members of the Home Rule Movement, BP and Wadiya played a key role in organizing the working class by forming trade unions.

form and play an important role in the family. played. Who is it?

BP Vaadiya. After that, Gandhi rose as the national leader. Annie Besant and her homebrew league eclipsed. Next, non-Brahmin movement and the challenge to Congress. Because of this non-Brahmin movement, Congress faced a lot of challenges.

We are going to see. Meanwhile, in education, Madras presidency grew rapidly. Many people number of educated non-Brahmin's increased they raised the issue of caste discrimination and unequal opportunity in the government employment and representation in the election body which were dominated by Brahmins The issue raised by the government is that there is a lot of caste discrimination, opportunities are for Brahmins, government employment, underrepresented elected body, Brahmins dominate and other castes are suppressed. They have been told that they are being harassed. They have been told that there are many Brahmins in Congress.

South Indian Liberal Federation South Non Brahmins They all started a political organization In 1912 Madras Dravidian Association Formed C. Nadesanar was the secretary He played an active role In June 1916 Dravidian Association hostel For non Brahmins students C. Nadesanar started He also played a key role in bridging the difference between two leading non-feminine leaders of the time dr t.m neyer and p thiyagar ayar so you know you're in the pyramid and the dumb but in a brahmin stop both of them and the patina earlier part of the Congress and were disillusioned by how non promise was sidelined in the organization now I'm very rather than 1960 and la patina meeting and not under go 13 non-feminine so and I will call under ponga The leaders are P. Thyagarayar, Dr. T.M. Nayar and C.

Nadezhdar. This meeting took place in Victoria Public Hall in Chennai. It was held by the South Indian Liberal Federation, SILF. It was formed to promote the interest of non-Brahmin.

They launched three newspapers in one language. In English, Justice newspaper, in Tamil, Dravidian newspaper, in Telugu, Andhra Prakashika newspaper. After that, the South Indian Liberal Federation was formed as Justice Party.

Next, Demand for Reservation. This Justice party demands for reservation. Non-Brahmin Manifesto was released.

What was in Non-Brahmin Manifesto was Reservation of Jobs for Non-Brahmin Manifesto. non-Brahmin in government services. Government services should give reservation to non-Brahmin.

Next, seats in representative bodies. It opposed the home rule movement as a movement of Brahmins and feared that home rule might give them more power. So, they opposed the Home Rule Movement because it was called the Movement of Brahmin. So, they opposed the movement that said that it would not give much power to the Brahmins. And then, they criticized the Congress Party and the Party of Brahmins.

Next, Montague Announcements of Political Reforms in the Parliament in 1917 intensified political discussions in Tamil Nadu. Montague Chemsford reforms There were many political discussions in Tamil Nadu. Justice party would have demanded communal representation. Communal representation means, representation for various communities.

Madras Govt. supported Justice party. In the act of 1919, Non-promise was given a seat. Congress criticized this move.

Congress criticized it. Justice party welcomed this move. Next is Justice Ministry. Justice party will be discussing the ministries that are being formed in Tamilnadu.

After the act of 1929, an election was held in 1920. So, Congress boycotted that election. So, Justice Party won that election. Since Congress didn't participate, Justice Party won.

Out of those, 63 seats were won in the Legislative Council. So, that's why they formed a ministry. Subraayalu of the Justice Party became the first CM.

Next 1923 In the 23rd election, the Raj of Panagal, who is a member of the Justice party, formed the ministry. They were reservation of appointments in local bodies and education institutions. They were given reservations in these. Establishment of staffs, so what the Justice party brought is, they were given reservations in local body appointments and education institutions.

Reservation was given to the caste individually. Next, the staff selection board was established. TNPC That was the staff selection board. That later became the public service commission.

Next is the enactment of the Hindu Religious Endowment Act. And the Madras State Aid to Industries Act. They abolished the Deva Dasi system.

Allotment of the waste land to the poor. And the extension of primary education to the depressed class through fees concession. depression depressed class fees people education and scholarships are given to depressed people next is government's repressive measures we are going to see about Rowlatt act in world war 1, Indians were very much expected to get reforms from the British but Draconian Anarchal and Revolutionary Crimes Act this is called Rowlatt act This act was given by Sir Sidney Rowlett. This act was passed in 1990. This act says that anyone could be imprisoned without due judicial process. The Indians were very angry with this.

Gandhi was also very angry. He used the same method in South Africa This is the Raulet Satyagraha This Raulet Satyagraha started against the Raulet Act In Tamil Nadu, they are talking about Raulet Satyagraha On 18th March 1919, Gandhi had an address in Marina beach 6th April 1919 Hartle was organized to protest against the Black Act. So, bunts would have taken place. Because, the Rawlath Act is called the Black Act.

So, protests would have taken place against this Act. So in many places, large gatherings of people were there and they were fasting in Marina beach whole day. Madras Sathyagraha Sabha was formed.

So in this time of Raule Sathyagraha, Madras Sathyagraha Sabha was formed. Rajaji, Kasturi Ranganath, Sathyamurthy and George Joseph they all had addressed this meeting so separate meeting of workers was addressed by V Kalyanasundaram that is Thiruvika, BP Vadia and Vavusi workers all had a separate meeting that was addressed by Thiruvika, BP Vadia and Vavusi Next, we will see about George Joseph. George Joseph played a leading role in organizing and publicizing the cause of Home Rule League in Madurai. He was born in Chengannur, Alapulla district in Kerala state. He was born in Chengannur but settled in Madurai.

He was a lawyer of people and practiced. He led the Vaikam Sathyagraha in Kerala. He championed the cause of the criminal tribes of Tamil Nadu.

He was fondly called Rosa Pudurai. What he is called is Rosa Pudurai. People of Madurai. By the people of Madurai.

He helped the Harvey mill workers of Madurai. Madurai to set up Madurai Labour Union 1918. So Madurai Labour Union 1918 started by him. So the one who started the Madurai Labour Union is Harvey Millworkers of Madurai.

Next we are going to see is the Gilafat movement. Jallianwala bath masquerade has happened. So, for that Jallianwala bath masquerade, what happened was, I think many of you know the story of that. They would have fallen in the well and started firing. People would voluntarily go to the well and die.

The reason for this is General Dyer. The British government did not punish him. This is the reason why the caliph of Turkey was arrested and his power was taken away.

To restore the power of the caliph, the caliphate movement was started. So Muslims started this movement We observe the day of Khilafat in Tamil Nadu 17th April 1920 is the day of Khilafat in Tamil Nadu With a meeting presided over by Maulana Shah Kuthali Maulana Shah Kuthali presides that meeting another such conference similar to this another conference took place on this road Vaniyambadi is the epicenter of Khilafat Agitation the important place for Khilafat Agitation is the Khilafat Agitation the Khilafat Agitation the Next we are going to see Non-cooperation movement. Tamilnadu was very active in Non-cooperation movement.

C.Rajaji and E.V.Ramasamy were the leaders of Non-cooperation movement. Rajaji would have worked closely with Yaku Bajan. Yaku Bajan was founder of Madras branch of Muslim League.

Muslim League The head of the Madras branch of the Muslim community is Yaqub Hazan. So the Hindus and Muslims are very close to each other in Tamilnadu. Next is No Tax Campaign and Temperance Movement No Tax Campaign and Temperance Movement Non-Cooperation Movement refused to pay tax in many places no tax campaign was conducted in Thanjavur. Many councils, schools, courts boycotted, foreign goods were boycotted. Many people had strike in many places.

Another important thing is Temperance Movement or Movement against Liquor. They say that this is the temperance movement to close the liquor shops. Toddy shops were picketed. What do the liquor shops do?

Demonstrations and audits were organized in all parts of the Presidency. There were also agitations by communities against the Criminal Tribes Act. There were many protests against the Criminal Tribes Act.

In November 1921, they decided to start the Civil Disobedience Movement. Rajaji, Subramanya Sastry and E.V.R.A were arrested. Prince of Wales visited on 13th January 1992. They boycotted him as well.

Police were killed twice and injured twice. Police were killed twice and injured twice. In 1922, Gandhi is the one who is exiled.

Why is he exiled? There is an incident called Chauri Choura. The incident is about the people who go to the police station in Chauri Choura and burn the dead bodies. 22 policemen inside the police station burn the bodies and die.

So what is Gandhi's way? Gandhi wanted to fight against the agimsa. It was not Gandhi's plan to kill and threaten them. It was his plan to fight against the agimsa. So, Gandhi was very angry and closed the non-cooperation movement.

He withdrew. Next, EVR, the constructive program. Who is EVR? It is our big brother. He is a promotion and sale of kathi.

You have to apply it on the earlobe only. He promotes the concept of flicker. He is opposition to the conception of flicker.

He cut down the entire coconut drawn owned by him. He cuts down all the coconut trees in his land. He would have played a key role in the Vaikam Satyagraha.

Depressed class will not allow to walk in the streets around the temple. So Vaikam Satyagraha fought for that. Many major leaders in Kerala So, he goes to Vyakkam and takes the movement to the next level. He is arrested and put in jail.

He is released. What does he do next? He was given a speech and arrested again. He was put in jail for 6 months. He returned to Erode.

He was arrested again for promoting Kathi. He was arrested 3 times in this period. In June 1925, After he did this, The ban was released in June 1925. the ban on the roads around the temple So, in the end, the people of all the races and races were told to walk on the road.

So, he participated in this very much and this victory was achieved. He is known as Vaikam Hero in the Vaikam region. That is why it is called Vaikam Veerar in Tamil. Next, let us see the controversy of Cheranma Devi Gurukulam. Thank you.

Even though there is a controversy about the Chiranma Devi Gurukulam, the opposition to the communal representation within the Congress led to Ivera leaving the Congress. There are two reasons for this. One is the issue of the Cheranma Devi Gurukulam and the other is the opposition to the communal representation within the Congress.

The Congress opposes the communal representation. So, because he doesn't like both these, he left Congress. The Chayarama Devi Guru Kulam is run by V. V. Subramaniam. The fund for the Chayarama Devi Guru Kulam comes from Congress.

The news that many students are being discriminated against in the Guru Kulam is spread to the majority. Brahmins and non-Brahmin students are eating separately. They are also eating separately. food is being served to the people.

So, what he is doing is, along with D.P. Varadaraj, he is asking questions. So, he is not liking this. He is asking why are you doing this. Next, the conference is taking place in the Tamilnadu Congress Committee.

The conference is taking place in Kanjuburam. It is taking place on 29th November 1925. He is raising the issue of representation for non-promise in the legislation. He raised the issue of representation for non-bromance.

He has been asking this from 1920 to Congress. But he has been asking this for 5 years. But what happened is, Congress did not accept it. So he got angry and left the Congress conference.

He left and spoke with some non-bromance leaders separately. self-respect movement started the self respect movement Swarajist and Justice after Gandhi started the non-cooperation movement congress split into two one is no changes and the other is pro changes no changes means They don't want any changes. They are only saying that they are going to the council and they don't want any changes. Another person is pro-changers. They say that they contest in the elections and they buy seats in the elections.

They say that they will do this after going to the council. So, they are divided into two groups, No Changes and Pro Changes. Rajaji along with other staunch Gandhian followers oppose the council entry.

So, Rajaji and others are No Changes. Along with Kasturi Ranganath, M.A.Ansari and Rajaji, they boycott the council. Opposition, they oppose this by forming Swaraj Party within the Congress. Who forms it? Chitrantharan Das and Mothilal Nehru.

Both of them are called CR Das. Chitranchan Das. Both of them form Swaraj Party.

In Tamil Nadu, Swarajist is Srinivasanar and S. Sathyamurthy. In Tamil Nadu, Swarajist is Srinivasanar and S. Sathyamurthy. Next is Subrayan Ministry.

Elections are taking place in 1926. In that, Swarajist is the Swaraj party is formed by a party within the Congress itself. So they say that they want to stop the elections. They are the pro-changers. They are the Swarajists. So they are stopped in the 1926 elections.

They are wanting the majority of seats. But what they did was the government did not form. Because they are within the Congress.

So they have to follow the Congress policy. So what they are doing is support the member. The independent member is P Subrayan.

He supported P Subrayan and formed the ministry. After that, in the 1930 election, Swarajist did not participate in the contest. So, in the 1930 election, Justice party won. So, this Justice party, till 1937, and very common the party Next is Simon Commission Boycott. In 1927, a Satiratory Commission was formed.

The leader was Sir John Simon. Why? To review the act of 1919. Government of India put the act of 1919. How did that act work?

Did they bring any changes? This was put up to review the act. They will review it and suggest reforms.

But the disappointment is that the Simon Commission is an all-white commission. Not even a single member is Indian. All are white members. So, Congress...

boycotted in the Simon Commission. In Madras, Simon Boycott Propaganda Committee was set up with S. Sathyamurthy as the President.

So, the President and the RN were S. Sathyamurthy. The arrival of Simon Commission in Madras on 18th February 1929 was greeted with demonstration and heartle. On 18th February 1929, Simon Commission came to Madras.

But it was very much opposed. They showed black coats and went. They protested against them.

Next is the Civil Disobedience Movement. It is called CDM. Towards Purnasaraj.

In 1920s, Congress with Gandhi in leadership. was transforming into a broad based movement in Tamil Nadu The Madras session of the Indian National Congress in 1927 declared complete independence as its goal In 1927, the INC session will take place in Madras In that, they will take the goal of complete independence So they will have appointed a committee The head of the committee is Mothilal Nehru He will say to frame the constitution to frame the constitutional reforms in opposition to the Simon Commission time. They asked the Simon commission to frame a constitutional reform and appointed a committee under the leadership of Mothilal Nehru. In 1929, in the Lagru session of INC, the complete independence was adopted.

On 26th January 1930, the national flag was hoisted by Javaglal Nehru, as the declaration of independence 26 January 1930, Javaral Nair hoist the national flag in the river Ravi. Next is Salt march to Vedaranya. This Viztai did not accept any demand from Gandhi. Gandhi became very angry and started the Civil Discipline movement.

He started Salt Satyagraha. So he was punished in the middle. He is travelling to Dundee. He starts his journey on 12th March 1930. This CDM movement is a massive movement. Students, shopkeepers, workers, women participate in this movement.

This is happening in Tamil Nadu also. Rajaji is the one who organizes it. For the Sal Satyagraha, Vedaranyam is done. This is started on 13th April 1930. It ends on 20th April. This Vedaranyam is from Tanjavur district.

This special song is composed by V.Ramalinganar. We read in Tamil that, Kathi Indri Ratham Indri Yudham Undru That is the song. When Vedaranyam reached, he was accompanied by 12 volunteers. They broke the salt law.

Rajaji was arrested. The leaders who participated in the Salasathya Kerala were T.S.S. Rajan, Rukmani Lakshmipathy, Sardar Vedarathnam, C.Swaminathar, K.Sandhanam and the prominent leaders who participated in the Vedaranyam Salas. Next is the Tamil district of widespread agitation.

In Tamil Nadu districts, where all the fights took place is, Satyagrahi fought the leadership of T.Prakasam and K.Nageshwara Rao. They set up a camp at Udevanam near Madras. They set up a camp near Madras near Udevanam. Who are they?

T.Prakasam and K.Nageshwara Rao. So the police came and arrested them. So there is a lot of protest in Madras.

Police and people are clashing in Thiruvallikenni. There is a 3 hour protest. 27th April 1930. 3 people died in the protest.

Next is the wall inters, the participants are arrested in the Salthi Satyagraha hall in Rameshwaram. Similarly, the Uvari, Anjengo, Vepalodai, Toothukudi, Taruvai Kulam are also arrested. The police arrest the people who are walking here. The next women are participating in this with interest.

Rukmani Lashmimathi is the first woman. She is paying the penalty. violation of salt law.

Police are very brutal in suppressing this movement. Bashyam, popularly known as Aryan, will hoist the national flag on 26th January 1932. Next is the Matrodome of Tirupur Kumaran. Tirupur Kumaran will die.

On 11th January 1932, he will take the national flag and sing patriotic songs. He will be beaten by the police. His full name is Tirupur OK SR Kumaraswamy. He is called Tirupur Kumaraswamy.

He will fall down and die. But even then he will not let the national flag fall down. He will hold a flag in his hand and die. So that is why he is called Tirupur OK SR Kumaraswamy.

The first is Congress Ministry. Government of India Act 1935. In that, Provincial Autonomy is given. So, in 1937, in the election, Congress Ministry. Congress won in many places and then formed the government.

Justice party lost. Rajaji formed the first Congress Ministry in Tamil Nadu. He introduced the prohibition on an experimental basis in Salem. He started the prohibition in Salem to make the alcohols disappear. So, our liquor store...

to compensate the revenue of the temple he introduces sales tax for untouchables he opens temples separately Next, T Prakash amma becomes the leader and starts a committee. He starts a committee with T Prakash amma as the leader. To enquire into the condition of the tenants in the zamindari areas.

He forms a committee to enquire about the condition of the tenants in the zamindari areas. However, excepting Debit Consolation Board to reduce the rural indebtedness, no other measures were adopted. They did not adopt any measure given by the committee. Except Debit Consolation Board.

That is rural indebtedness. This board was formed to reduce their indebtedness. In the Second World War, without consulting the Congress Ministry, the British would have made Indians participate in the Second World War. So they would have resigned all the ministers.

A temple entry program with origins in Madurai Meenakshi Amman temple was organized in 9th July 1939. Vaidyanathar, Ellen Gopalaswamy, Vaidyanathar is the president and Ellen Gopalaswamy is the secretary. So, Harijans are not allowed to enter Madurai Meenakshi Amman temple. So, the temple is not allowed to enter Madurai Meenakshi Amman temple. Entry Authorization and Indemnity Act of 1939 was proposed to prevent this disability from being present in the class.

Next is Anti-India Agitation Another controversial measure of Rajaji is that he has introduced India as a compulsory subject in schools Periyar will oppose this and conduct an Anti-India conference in Salem The Scheduled Caste Federation and Muslim League will support Periyar in this Anti-India agitation Nadarajan and Thalamuthu They will die in prison because of this struggle. Next is Quit India Struggle. Due to the failure of the Crips mission, the war time and the increase in the prices, Gandhi passed the Quit India Resolution on 8th August 1942. In the resolution, he introduced the slogan, Do or Die. All the Congress leaders were arrested overnight after launching the Quit India Movement.

At that time, Kamarajar was returning from Bombay. He will notice the local leaders and arrest them in the railway station. Kamarajar gives the slip and gets down at Arakonam.

He gets down and works in the underground for Kuttyindia movement. Rajaji and Sathyamurthy are arrested. They are arrested because their pamphlets are distributed. So they are arrested. and undying mask All sections of the society participated in this movement.

Many workers were staked. Kingam and Carnatic Mills, Madras Port Trust, Madras Corporation, Electric Tramway, all of them were staked. Telegraph and telephone lines were cut.

Public buildings in Vellore and Panapakkam were burnt. That much of struggle was over. Many colleges students also protested.

Airport in Soolur was attacked. Trains in Coimbatore were also attacked. Congress volunteers clashed with the military in Madurai.

They fought with the military. Police firing in Rajapalayam, Karai Kudi, Devakottai was started. Many young men and women joined INI. So, they used a brutal force to stop the Kutty India movement. suppressed.

Then Royal Indian Navy Mutiny took place. The negotiations initiated by the newly formed Labour Party government in England resulting in India's independence but sadly with partition of the country into India and Pakistan has formed a part of Lesanian Union. What happened after this we will see in the next unit. Royal Indian Navy Mutiny took place.

In England this changed. Labour Party government changed. So after that India got freedom. So, we will see the details in the next lesson. Hope you liked this video.

Transcript for:Tamil Nadu Freedom Struggle Overview

Transcript for:
Tamil Nadu Freedom Struggle Overview