in this video I'd like to look at how and why the USA expanded in year 1789 to 1831 so building on what we learned about the USA in 1789 in the last video now the USA in the year 1789 to 1831 expanded a lot the original 13 called colonies are those states that you can see in blue on the far right hand side of this screen so that area that sort of white in color was really where USA was in 1789 by the end of 1831 so really only 42 years later actually the USA had expanded all the way through that yellow region all the way through that purple region so there was an awful lot of expansion in fact it went from what was a slither on the East Coast to pretty much being half the country it is to this day now you can see here that there are really two too big expansions in this period firstly the expansion into the yellow region which is the northwest and the Southwest territories we'll talk about that in a minute and then the second big expansion was into that purport region which is Louisiana now that's how the USA expanded in the year 1789 to 1831 but I think there's a really big natural question with this a big historical question and that is how was that possible how was it that those 13 colonies were able to expand so far and so fast because we're talking about a region it's hundreds and hundreds of miles how was it possible they were able to expand so far and so fast and it's that when I look at today and we're going to look at four big reasons that the USA weren't able were able to do that so the first reason that the US were able to expand was because they forced they had the force to taking of a Native American land they took Native American land so before 1783 the British claimed control over area in yellow so the error in yellow you can see here that area in yellow was obviously Native American land the Native Americans have been there for centuries if not really millennium and the British claimed control of it they didn't really own it but they claimed control now after 1783 when the British were defeated they gave that land which they didn't really own to the United States since 1783 the British gave the land to the United States it wasn't yet state it was territories and settlers began to move into that region and the area north of the Ohio River which you can see in the middle of the map here was called the Northwest Territory and the area to the south was called the southwest territory this was Native American land that the Americans were taking that the white settlers were taken now President Washington was worried that the Native Americans might join up with the British in Canada to fight the USA so he spent vast sums huge sums on war against them massive sums and at the Battle of Fallen Timbers which you can see in this painting behind the text here in 1794 the u.s. defeated the Native Americans their leaders were forced to sign a brutal treaty the Treaty of Greenville and they essentially gave up their land that yellow land was now officially the USA that wasn't the only reason though the second reason was that they encouraged settlers so although they'd officially gained that land they needed white American settlers to start farming on it in farms that would have looked similar to this picture here and Jefferson weave came across him in the last video who was president at the start of the 19th century try to encourage settlers to move west and he wants to do it quickly any White's to it quickly so that a white settlers would take over that land and to do that he divided the land into six hundred and forty acre plot 640 acres is a massive area a massive area and even though he was selling them relatively cheap most people could not afford a plot that size but actually farmers move any way they move regardless and those people become squatters on the land so they are they're squatting taking over bits of land that they shouldn't really have they have no legal right to in any way now the people that could afford that land were called land speculators and land speculators by up they six hundred and forty acre plots that Jefferson wants to sell quite quickly and they buy them very fast and they then sell on smaller plots so they split their 640 acres into smaller plots which people can afford that obviously brings them into tension they with the squatters who were already in those regions now all of that does cause tension but what does happen is that settlers quite rapidly move into those new regions so settlers move into the northwest and the Southwest territories and really start farming that land the third reason that the USA expands in this period is because of something known as the Louisiana Purchase so in 1800 the French claimed the land in purple as their own so the purple region that you can see here which starts down in Louisiana as it is today in New Orleans goes up pretty much all the way following the Missouri and the Mississippi rivers and covers an immense region of land now you may already know this but at the start of the nineteenth century the French were funnily enough preoccupied and they were preoccupied because they were already fighting a war against the British in Europe so Napoleon is fighting the war with the British in Europe and the French forces had also very recently faced a quite humiliating defeat against ex-slaves in Haiti and during a rebellion so as a result of this the French decide that don't want this land anymore they don't want this land because they're worried that actually it's too much for hassle and as a result they make a deal with Jefferson and in 1803 Jefferson buys that land from the French and he buys it for fifteen million dollars for the size of that land it was a massive steel so he purchased Louisiana the Louisiana Purchase as it's known means that the u.s. gains a ridiculous amount of land land again I should point out that was Native American land really but was claimed over by these colonialists now a fourth reason that the u.s. is able to expand in this period it's because explorers start really establishing new trade routes and new routes across that land and if you imagine that America is so vast and it's got mountains and rivers and plains and even in the West deserts they needed to establish safe routes across those lungs so that trade could expand and Jefferson sent two explorers in particular to establish trade routes to the Pacific so the Pacific in the West yes he sends explorers and those two explorers are known as Lewis and Clark they're the most famous although other explorers are sent to now Lewis and Clark meet many Native American tribes along the way and actually are even helped by some so Sacagawea who is shown also in this picture here is a Shoshone woman and she acted as their guide and she shows them roots the Native American roots that they've established for years she shows these white settlers the new roots and those new roots are really quite impressive so Lewis and Clark and by the way this is taken over nearly a two-year period Lewis and Clark leave from the Northwest Territory in st. Louis and they get all the way to the Pacific over a mess massive distance through the mountains through the plains and that is a huge distance but these explorers really importantly as well and really established trade routes and trade routes for fur and beaver fur in particular which you can see one of them wearing a beaver fur hat in this picture and those trade routes allow the u.s. to expand again so really to sum up the USA expands massively in the years 1789 to 1831 I mean if you look at that map they're really they expand from the region that was the 13 colonies originally really expands maybe six seven times that period in 40 years and they do that and they expand for four big reasons the most important is they take Native American land they encourage settlers to move in on that land they purchase the Louisiana Purchase from the French and Lewis and Clark established trade routes so four big reasons that really enable them to expand in easiest