Heat and Thermodynamics: Temperature Units and Conversion

Common Temperature Units

• Fahrenheit (°F): Predominantly used in the United States.
• Celsius (°C): Commonly used in Asia.
• Kelvin (K): Used in the scientific community.

Conversion Between Units

• Celsius to Fahrenheit:
  • Formula: ( T_F = \frac{9}{5} T_C + 32 )
  • To convert back, rearrange to solve for ( T_C ).
• Celsius to Kelvin:
  • Formula: ( T_K = T_C + 273 )
  • Kelvin is not expressed in degrees, simply as kelvin.
• Fahrenheit and Kelvin:
  • Know basic conversions to derive others.

Important Temperature Points

• Boiling Point of Water:
  • 100°C = 212°F = 373 K
• Freezing Point of Water:
  • 0°C = 32°F = 273 K
• Absolute Zero:
  • 0 K = -273°C = -459.7°F
  • Temperature cannot be below absolute zero.

Temperature Equivalences

• At -40°:
  • °C and °F are equal.

Example Problem

• Sun's Surface Temperature:
  • Given: 5500°C
  • Convert to Fahrenheit: Use ( T_F = \frac{9}{5} \times 5500 + 32 )
  • Result: 9935°F
  • Convert to Kelvin: Add 273 to 5500
  • Result: 5773 K

Summary

• Memorize key conversion formulas for efficient problem-solving.
• Use algebra to derive other temperature conversions.

Conclusion

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