Blood Typing Overview

Introduction

• Presented by Sarah, RegisteredNurseAurian.com
• Focus on ABO blood groups and Rh factor
• Free quiz available at the end of the video

Importance of Blood Typing in Nursing

• Blood transfusions require typing and cross-matching
• Process:
  • Draw patient's blood
  • Send to lab for blood type determination (A, B, AB, O)
  • Determine Rh factor (positive or negative)
  • Cross-match with potential donor to ensure compatibility
• Importance of compatibility to prevent transfusion reactions and potential death

Components of Blood

• Blood consists of:
  • Plasma
  • White blood cells (fight infection)
  • Platelets (clotting)
  • Red blood cells (transport oxygen, remove carbon dioxide)

ABO Blood Typing

• Eight blood types based on four groups and Rh factor:
  • A (positive or negative)
  • B (positive or negative)
  • AB (positive or negative)
  • O (positive or negative)

Antigens and Antibodies

• Antigens:
  • Proteins on the surface of red blood cells
  • Type O has no antigens, making it the universal donor
  • Type A has A antigens, Type B has B antigens, Type AB has both
• Antibodies:
  • Found in plasma, protect against invaders
  • Opposite of the corresponding antigen
  • Type A has B antibodies, Type B has A antibodies, Type AB has no antibodies, Type O has both A and B antibodies

Transfusion Reaction

• Wrong blood type can cause antigen-antibody reaction leading to agglutination and lysis of red blood cells
• Example: Type A patient receiving Type B blood
  • A antigens + B antibodies = reaction

Blood Type Compatibility

• Type A:

  • Antigens: A
  • Antibodies: B
  • Can receive from: A, O
  • Can donate to: A, AB

• Type B:

  • Antigens: B
  • Antibodies: A
  • Can receive from: B, O
  • Can donate to: B, AB

• Type AB:

  • Antigens: A and B
  • Antibodies: None
  • Can receive from: A, B, AB, O (universal recipient)
  • Can donate to: AB

• Type O:

  • Antigens: None
  • Antibodies: A and B
  • Can receive from: O
  • Can donate to: A, B, AB, O (universal donor)

Rh Factor

• Rh factor indicates presence of a specific protein
• Rh positive can receive both positive and negative blood
• Rh negative can only receive Rh negative blood

Blood Group and Rh Factor Examples

• A Positive:

  • Can receive: A+, A-, O+, O-

• A Negative:

  • Can receive: A-, O-

Conclusion

• Summary of blood types and their compatibility
• Encouragement to take the quiz and subscribe for more content