everybody knows something about the Habsburg Dynasty bit their patronage of the Arts their rule over Spain or even their massive Jaws but not everybody knows the full history of the family and that's exactly what I'm going to attempt to tell during this video I hope I can do it our Story begins in the 10th Century probably with this guy named guntran the rich Gundrum had received many lands from the emperor Otto the great of the Holy Roman Empire including one in Northern Switzerland where the Habsburg Castle would be built and the family would get their name from the descendants of gantram would expand their territory go to war expand their territory again fight on a crusade expand their territory fight on another Crusade you know the usual stuff that a medieval Noble House would do they had reached the rank of count which is good but wouldn't it be nice if they became Dukes or heck even Kings oh it seems It's a lucky day for our friend Rudolph the fourth of Habsburg well since the death of Frederick II and the fall of his dynasty the hohen Staffing Dynasty the Holy Roman Empire was without a solid ruler for a rather long period known as the inter-regnan the Holy Roman Empire was a monarchy in which the King was elected as king of the Germans by a council of nobles until later the pope would crown him Holy Roman Emperor after the death of Frederick II they even tried to elect foreign Nobles such as the first Earl of Carnival and the king of Castile and Lyon however they saw that it was a bad idea since none of them had ever set food on Germanic lands the electors then chose to stick with the German Noble to occupy the position and since they had noticed that the Habsburg dynasty was growing in influence they decided to elect Rudolph as the king of the Germans you know who wasn't happy with the election of Rudolph King otakar II of bohemia which after expanding his territories from Bohemia to hysteria he felt that he deserved to be the ruler they fought over the issue but ultimately the Habsburg came out Victorious during the decisive battle of marchfield after beating otaka Rudolph took Austria and Syria for his family I bet that after that the Bohemians will never again cause any trouble inside the Holy Roman Empire after the death of Rudolph the throne bounced between these four houses until in 1438 the Habsburg got elected again through Albert II after 130 years without a Habsburg ruler during this 130 years a lot had happened there were conflicts between the Habsburg and the wittelsbach for the crown of the hre and later the dominions of the Habsburg changed and got divided but our Focus here is the history of the Habsburg as always so then let's get back to 1439 and see how Albert was dealing with this kingship oh he's dead his second cousin Frederick III of the House of houseberg got elected afterwards and was crowned as the First Holy Roman Emperor of his dynasty the habsburgs elected before him were not crowned by the pope so they technically weren't Emperors of the Romans they were just Kings of the Germans Frederick had a long reign of 53 years a large part of it being dedicated on reuniting his family's domains he also arranged the marriage between his son Maximilian and the daughter of The Burgundian Duke adding burgundy to his family's domains well some parts of burgundy actually the French King also laid claim to the region so after some brief fighting they agreed to a compromise Frederick died in 1493. his son Maximilian the first succeeded him as king of the Germans however he couldn't be crowned Holy Roman Emperor the road to Rome was blocked by his enemies the venetians during the Italian Wars so Maximilian just decided to Proclaim himself emperor in 1508 breaking the long tradition of the coronation being performed by the pope Maximilian was pretty good with military stuff but he also excelled in another subject marriage probably the most important thing that Maximilian did during his Reign was arranging the marriage of his son Philip the handsome to the heir of Castile expanding even more the influence of his family this strategy of marriages of Maximilian would culminate with the birth of Philip's son Charles who would inherit all the habsburg's personal dominions plus Spain and with Spain came some lands in Italy and all those sweet Colonial lands from the new world and then after the death of his grandfather Maximilian the first Charles was crowned Holy Roman Emperor making him one of the most important figures of modern European history while he certainly had one of the most powerful jaws in the whole history of humanity that's for sure Charles V of the hre or Charles the first of Spain with the bands had the arduous mission of maintaining his vast empire together due to this Factor his Reign was quite busy quelling some rebellions in Spain being in a Perpetual stage of war against France which during one of these conflicts the king of France Francis the first was captured by Charles and forced to sign a treaty enraged by this France is the first signed an alliance with the other enemy of Charles the Ottomans the Ottomans had invaded Hungary but not completely Charles's brother Ferdinand the first would inherit a portion of it he also got elected as king of bohemia by the way but back to the Turks Ferdinand said through this I want all of hungry [Music] until the Ottomans noticed and were only stopped during a failed Siege of Vienna Charles also expanded the Spanish domains in the new world there was also this guy named Martin Luther that said that the church was becoming a corrupt organization at first Charles decided to hear him but then decided to persecute him and his fellow Protestants he tried without success and seeing that Christian Unity inside his Empire was becoming impossible Charles had to step down and signed the Peace of Augsburg that gave the option for the German princes to decide whether their domain would follow the Lutheran Church or the Catholic church not the Calvinists though everybody hated the colonists foreign and after that seeing that most of his political opponents were already passing away Charles abedicated after his application the Habsburg Dynasty got divided into two the Spanish line which continued through Charles's son Philip II and the German and austro titles that went to his brother Ferdinand which if you've been paying attention already was the king of bohemia and the king of abortion of Hungary Philip wrote over the Spanish Empire during its peak he embodied that Habsburg thing about marriage marrying four times first with Maria of Portugal speaking of Portugal Philippe would also inherit the kingdom of Portugal later in 1580. after the Portuguese King Cardinal Henry the just guess what died the building air can you believe it Philip then threw his mother got to inherit the Portuguese throne and became the sole ruler of the whole of Iberia during her period known as the Iberian Union but back to 1545 his wife died and he married to Mary the first of England making him King concert of England and Ireland until his wife died and her sister Elizabeth the first a Protestant Queen assumed the throne Philip married again this time with the daughter of the French King Elizabeth of valua and if you've been paying attention to the video you should have been paying attention to the video you know by now what meant to be Philip's wife yes she also died Philip II then just said screw this I'm a 43 years old man and I'm Marrying the 21 years old daughter of my cousin that's weird I guess this event will have no consequences in the future her father was Maximilian II cousin of Philip and current Holy Roman Emperor his emperorship was pretty much facing the same all the issues that the Holy Roman emperors had to deal during his time their relationship with the Protestants and conflict with the Turks in Hungary so let's just get back to Philip II and see what else he did to his Empire well Philip turned Madrid into the capital of Spain he signed a measure called pragmata that ordered the marisco population to abandon their Customs Mariscos were the descendants of the Arabs that lived in Spain before the Reconquista by the way in response to this measure the Mariscos started a Revolt which the Spanish King quickly crashed Philip also fought against the Ottomans with other Catholic Italian Nations during an alliance known as the holy Lake together they had won the famous Naval Battle of Lepanto against the Turks he also continued his father and grandfather's war against France over Italy which he ultimately won the Arts also flourished during Philip's Reign it was during this time that Miguel de Cervantes wrote Don Quixote and even if you didn't read Don Quixote you probably know that the main character had a beef with windmills and can you guess what country is known for having plenty of windmills yes yes I'm assuming you said it's the Netherlands or else I'm rather disappointed now do you remember that the Netherlands was in the hands of the Spanish branch of the habsburgs well in 1566 they had decided that they were Protestants and Philip started persecuting them until they had enough and started their struggle for Independence known as the 80 years war the English also entered the fight on the Dutch site to deal with this Philip sent the Invincible Armada to England and then they're not so Invincible Armada got caught by the anglo-dutch plate during a bad weather and got destroyed the plan of invading England died with it however Philip II would not see the conclusion of the 80 years war dying in 1598 leaving the Throne of Spain and all its possessions to his son Philip III philipson took the responsibility of leading the ongoing war in the Netherlands first he told his valido the Duke of Lerma for the sake of Simplicity let's just say that avalido was like a prime minister Philip said to him that they should go with everything that they had to destroy the Dutch Revolt [Music] but then the war started to become so expensive that he agreed to sign a truce in 1609 look it's the Mariscos again Philip III issued a decree for their Exposition from Spain yes things were not looking good for them he was married to his cousin Margaret of Austria but before we continue with this marriage Madness I need to give a quick word from the sponsor of this video what wait I don't have any sponsor how am I going to feed myself oh my God it's the channels pay trillion if you want to help this channel to continue please consider checking out my patreon page link is in the description now where was I oh yes inbreeding I think it's important to say that the Habs Works were doing this marriage with relatives to retain their domains inside the family they didn't want to have other Noble houses to inherit the Throne of Spain for example just remember they only gained some of their possessions including Spain through marrying with other powerful families oh and just as a side note look at the flag of Spain under the habsburgs and now look at the flag of Alabama pretty similar if you know what I mean Margaret's the wife of Philip III was the sister of the current Holy Roman Emperor Rudolph the second let's see how he's doing with his emperorship he moved the court from Vienna to Prague that's interesting he spent large sums of money on Art and philosophy planting the first seeds of the Scientific Revolution because of his interests in The Sciences particularly in alchemy it was said that he also had an interest in the old codes it seems that he also was bisexual and never married Rudolph also expanded the religious Liberties in Bohemia with his letter of majesty which had granted the freedom for the Protestants he States in Bohemia to exercise their religion look it's time to fight against the Ottomans again let's call this the long Turkish war was this the longest war in Turkish history no but it was long enough for the hungarians to start to revolt well it seems Rudolph is not pretty good with this Emperor think his family thought so his brother Matthias took the throne from him one of the first things he did was to move back the court to Vienna and stop finding those damn artists and philosophers and as a true Habsburg Matthias also married with his cousin however they also never had any son so he supported his devout Catholic cousin Ferdinand II for the election of the hre well the Protestants of bohemia did not like the idea of having Ferdinand as their King and when Matthias which was still in power started to disrespect the letter of majesty the Bohemians decided to take action by their own hands so they just threw the Catholic deputies Governors appointed by the emperor out of the window that was called the defenestration of prank actually it was the second the fenestration of Prague yes they've done it before the Bohemians then decided that they wanted another king so let's just hope that this does not take the proportions of a continental War oh no it did it's the 13 years war the war to end all the religions war in Arab it was concluded with the Treaty of Westphalia which amongst other things asserted the independence of the United provinces of the Netherlands he has the 80 years war also resumed and Spain lost the conflict for the purposes of this video you only need to know that the 30 Years War was so long that they had two ferdinands in the hre and two Phillips in Spain throughout the fight speaking of Spain let's just see how Philip IV Reign was like well he left most of the boring administrative jobs to his valido the count Duke of olivareth domestically the count Duke attempted for further centralization of the Spanish domains Spain at that time was sort of a collection of semi-autonomous regions and because of the constant Wars waged by the Phillips the Spanish finances were draining the kingdom of Castile the main contributor to the Spanish treasure in Europe started to show signs of exhaustion in response to this situation olivaret decided that every region of Spain should be taxed equally and should also dedicate a part of its population to the Spanish Army Catalunya was not happy with these measures and soon it started a Revolt the king had to step back on Oliver's ideas and later in 1640 after some brief fighting Portugal reclaimed its independence and the Iberian Union ended all of this while also fighting against France during the 30 years war after these events the king decided to Exile Olive yes things were not looking good for the Spanish Empire well let's play a game okay you have three seconds to guess with whom Philip IV married [Music] it is Isabella of bourbon the daughter of the king of France wait you thought he would marry with a relative of the same Dynasty that's gross my man Philip IV would never do that well until Isabella died and the 44 years old King married his 14 years old niece can this get any worse well surprise surprise it again his new wife was also the fiancee of Phillips dead son well that's messed up let's just see what they are doing in the hre I think it's better it's 1658 and the current Holy Roman Emperor is Leopold the first isn't he beautiful well his membership wasn't so different from the previous leaders of the hre several Awards against France were against the Ottomans and the siege of Vienna that was repelled with the help of the Polish King jansobius defeating the Ottomans and securing the whole of Hungary for the help to learn Dynasty in 1699 but let's get back to 1665. Philip IV died let's see who is going to inherit the Spanish Throne oh son of Philip IV with his niece Charles II he sure looks different his father died when Charles was just four years old so a Regency government was set up by his mother first she chose Cardinal nitart as valido but the bastard son of Philip IV John Joseph of Austria expelled him and the guy named Valenzuela was placed on the job as it turned out he did not last long either in John Joseph of Austria himself became the valido he died shortly after then came the Duke of meddy lachelli and next the count of oropatha none of them could resolve the crisis that Spain was in and when Charles turned 14 he became King Charles had multiple health issues foreign policies of his family he had arrived though however he could not provide a child for their marriage yes even he got laid you know he's better than you his wife died and he married again but just as before no air soon it became clear that our succession crisis was about to happen when Charles died at the age of 38 a remarkable number considering the many health issues he had then the Leopold came back on the scene and thought well since Charles was a Habsburg it's natural that only a Habsburg should succeed him therefore one of my sons should be the next king of Spain however as it turned out Charles II had left the will before dying leaving the Throne of Spain to the son of Louis XIV King of France and enemy of Leopold oh crap then another large European War over the issue happened that the Spanish war of succession and the French dynasty of the Bourbons came out Victorious ending almost 200 years of Habsburg role over Spain well actually the new King still had Habsburg descendants foreign let's get back to Leopold he died when the Spanish war of succession was still going on leaving the responsibility to his son Joseph he also died before the conflict was finished and because Joseph only had daughters and there was a thing called select law that prevented women from inheriting Royal possessions Joseph left the throne to his brother Charles VI as it turned out Charles also had only daughters and to ensure that at least his daughters could inherit the lands of their family instead of the daughters of his brother enacted the pragmatic sanction of 1713 that said that in case of him having no male heir to the crown the crown would go to his eldest daughter Marie Theresa at first every European Noble House was killed with it but then Charles died and when Maria Theresa was to inherit his possessions Charles Prince elector of Bavaria and Frederick King of Prussia both contested her inheritance Prussia also wanted the rich coal mines of Silesia owned by the habsburgs and France has always backed their argument against the austrians and you know what happened next yes another large European War the war of the Austrian succession it's getting pretty repetitive by this point after the end of the war Maria Theresa was recognized as the heir of the Habsburg dominions but her husband was to become the Holy Roman Emperor founding the new house of Habsburg Glory however Maria during the fight lost some territories such as salasia the great bars of Europe wanted to fight against themselves again Marie Teresa wanted Silesia back yes you know what that means another European War the difference is that this war was fought over every continent on Earth it's the World War One what no okay it's the seven years of war all you need to know is that Austria did not catch Elijah back and that France lost the war Murray Teresa had six in Descendants the ones that are important for this video are Marie Antoinette and Joseph II the farmer was married to the heir of France and the latter became Holy Roman Emperor upon his father's death in 1765 but Marie Theresa was still alive and she participated in the first stage of the partition of Poland between Prussia and Russia and then she died she left the Habsburg personal dominions to Joseph Joseph II was an enlightened net King he is the one that patronized Mozart went to war against Frederick now Frederick the great of Prussia again over Bavaria and lost again domestically the emperor had attempted to enact some liberal reforms that the people who did not like and he had to step back then he died and on his grave reads here lies a ruler who despite his best intentions was unsuccessful in all of his Endeavors that embarrassingly very relatable after Joseph's death his brother Leopold II took his place in acting some important reforms such as the banishment of surfton but died two years later his son Francis II inherited his titles he gobbled up some more lands in Poland I really hope that Francis has a nice Reign he seems like a chill guy oh remember Marie Antoinette well it seems that she was beheaded you know the French Revolution after that a long period of Wars followed him their main enemy this average height for his time man named Napoleon Bonaparte he put an end to the thousand years old Holy Roman Empire so Francis was now just emperor of Austria Napoleon constantly bullied the Habsburg Emperor defeating Austria in every campaign until after timeout both times the European Coalition finally defeated him at the Battle of water the Napoleonic Wars changed drastically the borders of Europe the Habsburg dynasty was one that suffered the most after the end of the conflict it was decided amongst the European superpowers during the Congress of Vienna that the continent should return to its former conservative order from before the French Revolution and dealt a new balance of power should emerge sorcer gained some of its former territories back and grew a stronger presence in Italy also the German Confederation was formed sort of a replacement to the Holy Roman Empire when Francis died in 1835 the Throne of Austria went to his son Ferdinand the first of Austria look at the size of his head my men got the knowledge of the whole universe inside his mind however even though he had a massive head he did not have massive balls and abdicated in 1848 during the large revolts that happened during this time throughout Europe for further liberal reforms nationalism and workers right and in Austria particularly a lot of ethnical conflicts arose mainly the Hungarian Revolution and their attempted reunification of Italy Ferdinand abedicated in favor of his nephew Franz Joseph which had to deal with the consequences of the rewards going on he crushed the Italians and with the help of the Russians he stomped the revolution in Hungary although French Joseph had defeated the rebellions he will now need to learn how to deal with the mood ethnicity of his Empire since the new ideas of nationalism were growing really fast inside the politics of Europe human tour against Sardinia again but this time they had brought France to the fight he lost the war and seated Lombardi as part of the Beast treaty it's 1864 and Austria was with Prussia in a war against Denmark over schlesvig Holstein which they won it seems that the two German nations were finally getting along right wrong as part of his plan of unifying Germany Under Pressure the Prussian Chancellor Otto von Bismarck knew that war against the austrians over which was the dominant Germanic nation that would unify them all was inevitable so the ultram-prussian War Began and Austria lost again Prussian X saw more lands and the German Confederation was abolished and replaced by the north German Confederation and Austria was not included the new formed Kingdom of Italy also participated on the war on the Prussian side and took Venetia from Austria as if things could not get any worse their hungarians were again asking for moral autonomy and France Joseph agreed on a compromise for Austria and Hungary to become two different states but with France Joseph himself as Emperor king of both they were only fully integrated in matters of Foreign Affairs defense and currency left without any chance of expanding westwards due to the strength of the new formed Nations Austria needed to look for other places for expansion the year is 1878 and the Ottomans just lost the war to Russia during the peace treaty the European nations decided that the map of the Balkans should be redrawn and they allowed Austria-Hungary to take Bosnia from the Ottoman Empire simple stuff I bet nothing bad will ever come out of this let's see how things are going on a personal life of Prince Joseph his wife Elizabeth of Austria was assassinated in Geneva by an Italian Anarchist his son on Earth took his own life the next in line thus became France Joseph's nephew Archduke Franz Ferdinand all of these events deeply saddened the emperor however even though his personal life was full of tragedies during this time his Empire was living a rather relative peaceful time since the compromise with Hungary and everything seemed pretty well until the tragedies of his personal life mingled with political issues of his Empire the year is 1914 in France Ferdinand was visiting Bosnia with his wife when he was approached by a Bosnian Serb Nationalist and got shot by him it is fairly known by many that the assassination of the air to the Austrian Hungarian Throne triggered the first world war which the habsburgs lost and with the Treaty of Trianon and the Treaty of Saint germa they lost their empire France Joseph actually did not live to see this he died when the war was still happening the throne passed to his brother's grandson called the first Carl even tried to regain his throne later but it did not work out the long age of the Habsburg rule added this does not mean that they had disappeared from public life though Carl's son Otto von Habsburg served as member of the European Parliament and the current head of the family Carl from Habsburg was also a member of the European Parliament but the days of old Imperial Glory were long gone they were not only rulers of Europe they had also left their footprints on as far distant places such as Mexico and Brazil the habsburgs were probably the most emblematic of the European Noble houses a dynasty in which its history often intertwines with the modern history of our planet the history of the House of Habsburg is truly jaw dropping [Applause] I would like to thank Liam Baker for supporting this video These animations although they are pretty simple they are hard to make and having to conciliate making it with college stuff is pretty hard if you want to support this channel to continue don't forget to check out my patreon page the link is in the description oh and don't forget to subscribe to the channel or else