[Music] hi I'm Carl hoofs I am Utah State University's equine extension specialist I'm going to do a demonstration here on vaccinating a horse as we come up and we approach the horse we're going to be looking for some specific areas one of those areas the most common area utilized is the muscle in this neck region the most of the vaccines I think in fact all of the vaccines we give horses are intramuscular vaccines and so we want to make sure we have a good muscle group the common areas that we're going to use are this area right here in the neck you can use the pectoral muscles and you can also come to the back end and give it in the hindquarters most of the time for safety reasons we we stay in the neck area when we look at our landmarks for this area we want to make sure that we are avoiding the spine this is where the horse's spine is we want to avoid that region they have a very strong ligament right here called the nuchal ligament and obviously you don't want to inject the vaccine into a ligament you want to do it in the muscle group so you avoid this region also the scapula comes right down through here that's their shoulder blade and so you want to make sure that you're in this triangle area surrounding that area you want to make sure that that is that where you're at okay as you open or as you prepare the the site you want to make sure that there is no debris so obviously we've cleaned off the mud we've cleaned off the gross debris and then we're using alcohol to prepare the area that is washing it you can look at the alcohol pad if it's pretty dirty you can do it again we want to make sure that we're avoiding taking any debris any dirt any bacteria into that area we take the vaccine you make sure that the needle is secured properly okay you're what we're going to do is we're going to make a little bit of a pinch so that we're pulling the skin forward just a little bit we're going to insert the needle we're going to draw back and make sure that there is no blood coming into the needle that would indicate that you're in a blood vessel we don't want to be in a blood vessel we want it to be in the muscle so I'm going to go ahead I'm going to remove the cap from the needle I'm going to put a pinch there so we're pulling the skin forward a little bit we're going to insert the needle and you can see that it does he does react a little bit I think all of us would I draw back to make sure that there's no blood and when there is no blood I go ahead and inject the vaccine then I remove the needle and as I let the skin go then the skin or the needle poke through the skin is here but I injected the vaccine up here that prevents anything from coming out also we massage it just a little bit to desensitize the area and allow them to to recover you