hey guys welcome back to history revision success so today i've got a another gcse revision video on the topic of migration so i previously filmed a video about the early part of the migration course and i had quite a lot of requests to continue so here we go today we're going to be looking at the americas with kind of particular focus on when they were settled who settled them what happened what the consequences were things like that so to fill up that america section of the migration course now before we get on to that i just wanted to explain about a new um instagram that i have kind of created and i'm i'm now going to be adding to now the whole focus of this is to give you little bite size nugget chunks of information that you can use that can be helpful to you in your studies in your gcses or your a levels so every single day of the week there is a different um theme and those themes are always going to run the same every single week so for example every monday i'm going to be posting a question a gcse or an a-level question and i'm going to show you how i would answer it what would my argument be how would i approach it what are the different factors you need to include so at history revision success exactly the same as this channel um and it will all be there for you so hopefully you can go and follow me that will be helpful for you and it will give you those little chunks so in addition we've got revision tips i've got um grade nine and a star at a level tips so it might be content or it might be little um ideas about how to make sure you get those grades so really important kind of insider tricks and things like that and then every friday i'm going to be revealing a little sneak peek at an essay plan or at some notes something which will help you maybe a whole structured conclusion to something something that will be really helpful to you so hopefully that's going to be helpful and please go and follow me and then you can keep up to date on that so the tudors in america we're starting with the tudors and the stuarts and in particular this was an age of momentous change now the tudors were very successful in uniting england and wales they also managed to unite large parts of ireland with the main body of england at this time even though the irish didn't particularly want to be colonized as you can expect after that the stuarts were very successful in uniting scotland because obviously we had james who was the king of both scotland and england so at this point britain as such has taken formation now britain is becoming more prosperous farming and industry has expanded so because of this we see a surge of greater overseas trade and that means that people look towards the new world now this is also benefited by some major improvements that took place in terms of kind of technology and things like that to help this overseas travel be more effective in the 1400s it becomes possible for longer journeys to take place navigation technology has meant that it's now possible and this leads to in 1492 christopher columbus sailing across the atlantic to find new routes to china now instead of finding china he finds the the lands that he calls the west indies the continents that we now know as america and therefore that shows that spain was um the first country really the first major nation to colonize the americas spain and portugal do significant colonization now because of this the spanish get incredibly rich um ahead of other countries in europe notably england and so there's a desire to kind of join in so from 1496 king henry vii joined the exploration he gives a man called john cabot the mission of finding new lands now cabot leaves bristol sails across the atlantic lands on the north coast of america which is present-day canada he unfortunately for him does not find any riches or financial gains there was no silk or gold there so he returns however this does mark the first point of kind of the idea of the british empire british settlers moving to new lands and eventually settling along the coast east coast of america the place we know today is the 13 colonies so we also have the under elizabeth the first the development of two new types of technology which will help sea travel we have the latin which is a triangular sail which helps you move more efficiently and we also have the astrologe the astrolabe sorry which was um a bit like a compass helping with navigation so it's very very useful very helpful for for sea travel now as i said um the english community begin to settle along the 13 colonies on the east coast this is the region that the english settle in and it's very important that you name it the 13 colonies because it shows your terminology and specific subject knowledge now during this time there were a number of people who were very important to this english sea travel the first being john hawkins now hawkins was a respected naval commander merchant privateer and pirate remember the difference between a pirate and a privateer a pirate is somebody who is not sanctioned by the monarch a privateer is someone who essentially does exactly the same thing but they have been given permission by the monarch to do so so elizabeth actually very much allowed these men to privateer attack steal gold from spanish ships and bring that money back to england as long as they then shared the profits with her and this is one of the things that causes a huge breakdown in the anglo-spanish relationship over time because elizabeth is sanctioning pirate essentially sanctioning piracy of spanish boats anyway john hawkins was involved in the privateering and he's also responsible for building up the elizabethan royal navy now we also um recognize kind of the darker side of his past and he has been known as the father of the slave trade he was the first englishman to deal in slaves after permission from elizabeth the first so he did a lot in his lifetime he was quite significant for changing english trade abroad particularly through his links with the slave trade now in addition we have walter riley so sir walter reilly was encouraged by francis drake who i'll get to in a moment and he was persuaded by elizabeth to go and explore the lands in north america now america had already been colonized by spain from 1565 mainland florida so riley wanted to find an area that was yet unconquered and the first colony he established was roanoke in 1584. now if you know anything about roanoke you'll know there is a big big big mystery controversy surrounding what happened there because essentially the colonists were living in roanoke that experienced lots and lots of problems one of those problems being they'd arrived too late plant um the seeds they had carried with them so therefore they had to rely very heavily on native communities to provide them with food um essentially the the leader of the colony has to leave and go home to try and get more supplies on his way back he's blocked by the armada spanish armada so he has to wait a couple of extra years until that's finished and when he returns to roanoke there is nothing left there are some kind of mysterious carvings in the tree and all of this leads you to question what happened so that's kind of an unexplained mystery we never know we don't know what happened to the colonists at roanoke um it could have been kind of local hostile tribes it could have been they died from from natural causes from starvation but anyway we don't know so that's walter riley now francis drake was another important character and he was the first person to circumnavigate the globe so that means to sail all the way around the world he wanted to do this to find new sources of trade he also wanted to challenge spanish dominance so trade and exploration were therefore very integral to english foreign policy at kind of setting the stage to this entrance of britain as a global superpower who was involved in these um these kind of international affairs so all of this led to the fact that um we have set up these 13 colonies in the new world by the 1600s english people had then started to cultivate plantations on these areas of land now plantations in this sense were set up namely for sugar and cotton and as you kind of can expect from from the climate needed to grow these items it was mainly in those orange um colonies in the south that these plantations thr flourished so we've got sugar and cotton now you might be wondering why people went you know a very treacherous journey um you get there to an unknown land with with with no real indication of of what might happen to you so there were kind of two main categories of person who traveled we had people traveling for religious reasons many puritans and catholics felt they had not been permitted to worship as they wished in britain and they wanted to go somewhere they could have greater religious freedom we also have economic reasons so from 1607 the first british colony jamestown had been established and homes were built there with cash crops planted like cotton tobacco sugar and potatoes these crops could be exported to britain for great profit there were many second sons of um gentryman and nobility who didn't stand to inherit anything if they stayed at home so therefore they wanted and were pushed to go abroad to try and find their fortune and there was this saying you know you could live like a king if you went and set up a plantation in america so another place that people settled was the caribbean now this was less about colonies and more focused on plantations so the first british businessman set up plant plantations in the west indies in ireland such as barbados and the cayman islands now barbados was acquired by the british in 1625 and it became an island for tobacco plantations barbados was also the largest slave colony that existed for the british it was a plantation which would soon switch to growing sugar and by the 1690s we had successfully covered the whole of barbados and sugar plantations so it became far more profitable than mainland america this was a place purely developed for profit not a place for settlement now in addition to that um we had the idea of global trading so trade in the americas was not supposed to just allow for the development of these plantations the idea was then that you could use the profits to grow and develop colonies elsewhere around the world it was a place to make money to then spend the money developing the empire elsewhere places like india for example so what they would do is they would import cotton wheat rice coffee these kind of raw materials grown in america they would bring them back to britain they would then go to british factories um who would then create the fabrics and then that fabric would be returned to the british colonies and sold to the colonists for a higher price for a profit now we can look at some of the people who benefited from from this many people in britain significantly benefited from the idea of plantations slavery and america so ship owners for example would take up to 50 of the profits ports so people working at the ports liverpool for example um processed 50 of the slave ships and london processed 75 of the sugar ships factory owners 50 of the textiles were created in manchester ambrose crawley was a iron merchant he managed to profit hugely from making iron chains to be used on the slave ships bankers could give merchants loans then charge high interest prices to get that money back and ordinary people got jobs in factories four thousand people in birmingham for example were employed to make guns which were then traded in africa for slaves so the impact of the slave trade the impact on um of kind of the plantations in america were hugely significant in britain and it was not just um you know the people sailing on the boat who got involved in this process now moving on a little bit we've obviously mentioned before the impact of india and the influence of the money from america on developing india as a nation and what we start to see from 1720 is this idea that as the kind of worldwide empire grew north america and india becoming increasingly profitable monarchs stopped granting permission for privateering there was less need to steal from other nations he didn't need to do it anymore so therefore the royal navy took out some anti-piracy measures by 1720 piracy was rare in america and pirates were forced chased out of harbors that they had once been safe in for example nasu in the bahamas now that is where i'm going to come to the end of this video um i i'm going to do a second video on the kind of the colonies themselves um and going into what happens with the war of independence and how that ends in america so hopefully this has been helpful as part one of this kind of mini series on america it's given me some information about what was established in america why people went how profitable they were and change over time um and you know some ideas as well of the significance of kind of tudor settlement you can talk about many of these longer-lasting impacts the creation of plantations the impact on british people please like and subscribe the video it really helps my channel it means i can keep making videos like this which i know are helpful to you so i'd be very grateful if you can support me that way