hey welcome back everybody in this video i'm going to talk about exchange of gases um in your lungs let's go [Music] all right so uh in the following videos uh i'll try my best to speak both languages like i will mainly explain things in english but i will try to do some translation in mandarin for chinese students just in case you need some further explanation so then this video can benefit everyone that is watching i'll try to try to roger a bit like malaysian i'll be right around a bit okay so let's get into it now we are only going to talk about 2.2 which is your movement of gases uh which is diffusion that happens explanation of this part is very important so we'll get into a more writing explanation of the whole story okay so uh first of all uh oxygen is inhaled right it's inhaled uh from the air into your lungs so it goes straight right into your uh alveolus which is the smallest unit or the smallest part of your lungs so alveolus is where we are talking about now okay so when air enter mostly oxygen enter for example so oxygen will go through a process called diffusion diffuse into your regular cell that means it will bind with your red blood cells so let's take a look in the sequence that i've prepared for you uh i already written down in six steps very straightforward so let's get into sequence number one so oxygen is diffused through the wall of the alveolus okay into the wall of blood capillary and into the blood why is this happening that is because of diffusion theory high concentration will always go into low concentration okay so in your lungs right now there is more oxygen okay than in your blood okay so the higher concentration of oxygen in your alveolus which is in your lungs will diffuse because high high concentration will go to a low concentration that's usually the case okay yeah okay so i think number one right step number one most important thing you must tell yourself is the word diffusion diffusion happens okay so number two when the uh oxygen diffuses into your blood capillaries and it will combine with oxygen so everybody take a look at your equation uh hemoglobin okay uh plus oxygen equals to oxyhemoglobin so i would say the second point and most important thing is to talk about oxyhemoglobin so hemoglobin combine oxygen form oxyhemoglobin so when the oxyhemoglobin uh the arable cell carries oxygen right it will bind with the hemoglobin in the red blood cell so each regular cells will have hemoglobins okay there's a lot of them and each of them will carry oxygen molecule it's like a bus hemoglobin is the seat red blood cell is the bus hemoglobin is the seat so oxygen goes up to the bus they can pick their seat which is hemoglobin combined sit down and wait for the bus to fill up and we will go okay so hemoglobin is a dark red material okay uh and it usually combine with oxygen and becomes bright red color because it's like a fresh fresh color so oxygen bright red remember that way okay and uh it is an unstable compound that means it can be split easily any time when it arrives at the body cell okay we don't want them to be together forever we want them to be unstable today okay right so then number three the blood is full of oxygen right now so oxygenate the blood will flow uh to the body cells and to distribute but before that right we would usually need to travel from lungs to the heart because you learn in the next chapter chocolate tree heart pumps blood to other parts of the body okay so blood with oxyhemoglobin which is also you learn in the next chapter called oxygenated blood right so then before the blood reaches the blood body cells okay that has low concentration oxygen so oxyhemoglobin will decompose so when the bus is outside of the body cell and they will take a look oh hey guys i think this cells need you are very empty here no oxygen at all ah guys you can get down the bus now so because of different concentration the body cell is lack of oxygen the bus which is the red blood cell is full of oxygen diffusion happens again okay this time diffuse into the uh the body salsa okay because the body cell kind of like ordered the oxygen like hey no no oxygen layout can you give me oxygen now then you have to send oxygen as a bus driver as a red blood cell so when you diffuse ripples when you diffuse oxygen to the body cells due to different concentration okay ah then carbon dioxide carbon dioxide from the cell will diffuse into the bus because you have to exchange so as a bus driver you carry the carbon dioxide back to the lungs so it's always like an exchange okay so number four when the blood reaches the area around the body cells that has low concentration oxy hemoglobin will decompose and release so i guess um these are very important words to mention uh and release oxygen molecule okay so this is the equation that they break down very simple and the cell received the oxygen okay uh process of cellular respiration happens so yeah this is from your formula so when oxygen and glucose together oxygen glucose becomes energy okay so um that's what respiration is about to to take oxygen from your lungs into the cells and then they will carry out respiration and then they will produce carbon outside it will be released back into the blood and goes back to the lung okay so carbon dioxide diffuse into the blood capillary so exchange and transport it to the avalanche and remove through exhalation so this is where it comes back now okay here it comes back now which is blood full of carbon dioxide and diffusion happens again due to the concentration because the lungs or the alveoli has lesser uh carbon oxide the blood has more carbon dioxide so same thing happen diffusion happens okay and uh yep this is the picture where you arrive at the cell and you release oxygen to the cell the cell releases carbon dioxide to you okay so i guess the six steps that i've arranged for you here right it makes it easier for you to break down all better than a whole chunk of story so if you were to pick all important keywords from all of these right i will call the first one as d for diffusion okay right and number two i guess the important word here will be oxyhemoglobin that means combine already and number three i would say the important word here is transport you know transport blood and number four i would say decompose and release that so i would say releaser okay release and then number five respiration number six carbon dioxide c okay so if you really need like a shorter way to remember this this is i think how you can remember which is dragon of the red ruby castle i mean i just make make up this in a short time so whichever you think that helps you to remember like dragon of the red ruby castle if you have better one why not right you can share to me in the comment section below okay so if you remember dragon of the red ruby castle so you can think of dragon d diffusion o oxy hemoglobin t transport and then r uh release release layout then r uh respiration and then see carbon dioxide brings back to the lung at least at least you have like a shorter way to remember okay all good so um to actually make uh the the understanding of the part easier for you we will probably take a look at the video i will show you roughly how it happens so you get a better idea with um with animation okay so uh the video is is animation so it's not complete with the whole cycle i'm just going to show you a little bit how it works okay so for instance now air has entered your lung eyes everybody take a look at your video okay so let's say now air has entered the lung let me quickly skip that to the part okay all right so when it enters the nostril so it goes into your trachea it goes to your bronchi this is from your 2.1 then it goes to your lung and goes to your bronchioles there you go bronchioles and then it gets into your there you go eviless okay so this is the smallest unit we have in your lung right this is called that alveolus okay it looks like broccoli this is where the all the blood vessels are attached to and yeah she's actually into your blood capillary so what you're looking at now right it's the detailed version like from here but this is like cross sectional cut half la but now the video that i'm showing you it's in 3d form you get it right so can you look at like all the blood vessels on the outside yeah okay so we continue okay so cut half yes this is a lot together the the textbook picture that i show you just now it says one okay this is a lot together okay don't worry about the labelings okay so rbc that enters your effortless okay see oxygen is ready to get in okay it sticks to the red blood cells okay this is how we carry the diffusion happens here diffusion see diffusion so all the regular cells will slowly suck up the oxygen it becomes bright red color see that bright red color okay so imagine all of them like that ah basically at the meantime are they released co2 one see the the gray color yeah okay so then it travels away now with uh blood full of oxygen okay then anyways now we talk about the co2 is bringing back to your lungs already uh so just now the blood will go away to your body cells now is co2 carries back to your lung and then exhale okay there you go so you have a better idea of all the sequence then you try and remember the keywords i think that will help you better okay so uh let's get back to the notes of this page okay so what are the special adaptation of evidence like why evidence so good article all the diffusion happens easily right like the oxygen which is and then stick to the red blood cell and then it travels away there are four characteristics that makes this whole process of diffusion easy uh and efficient okay so like factor number one the wall of the ambulance is very thin the blood capillary also very thin one layer of cell so thin so it makes diffusion happens very easily it's very thin so it's easy for diffusion so this is one of the very important factor that causes diffusion happens easily and gaseous exchange more efficiently number two moist wall of evidence everlast must be slightly moist so that the gases can dissolve and diffuse if dry lungs are dry lungs like people who smoke okay usually smokers have dry lungs gaseous exchange happen not so efficiently because it's not moist it doesn't dissolve the gas it doesn't capture the gas okay so moist wall makes diffusion happens and uh easily okay number three larger surface area of evidence look look at all the pictures or look at let me show you again look at all the amount of okay imagine this is this one look behind of the picture there's so many of them so we have a large surface area in total i imagine your whole lungs are you know how large it is if you were to take all your effortless and make it flat and iron it out long pink the size of all available surface is like a tennis court size okay imagine you are having a tennis court in your body now helps you to do diffusion to exchange cases that's a lot right so so it has a large surface area for gaseous exchange number four okay so number five will be a lot of uh network of blood capillaries like i showed you just now there's so many blood capillaries take a look again so many blood vessels there's so many blood cavities so these four factors makes it efficient for gaseous exchange to happen okay so thin wall moist large surface area and network of blood capillary okay can i okay uh this really takes some effort and some time to go through it again oh by the way i forgot materials are available for you to download in the description box below go ahead and download and use it for yourself and you know and follow what i teach here all right i have some exercise to try out obviously okay i'll do one with you i have another question for you to try yourself at home so help yourself like number one uh let's take a look we have to fill up all the uh whatever is us in the picture so name structure x and y provided okay like we do x and y plus what is x sub so x i guess that's pointing the this is one of your lessons huh so this is called the xr here okay so that is alveolus okay or eviless wall i think it's acceptable as well okay y is pointing at obviously your blood capillary so why blur cap be blurry okay right cool um that's it number two process r and s is r s all processed look at the arrow arrows coming in arrows going out well i think that's pretty obvious that will be your inhalation not coming in my oxygen so inhale relation s is going out right the arrow is pointing out right so that will be your exhalation okay done number three p and q in the space provided oh oh yes okay so take a look at the arrow at the same time guess q is lada okay guess p is like there so from your lung from your avalors go into blood must be things that you want to travel want to transport away okay that will be gen gas okay then the ballet car burn by outside okay cool basic stuff basic labeling make sure you uh know how to label all of them all good okay like b so figure below shows the structure of evolus and blood category yeah yeah the same picture that we have just now explain how oxygen is transported to the body cells starting from whatever this is this is why we are here today okay my main point of today's video is to make sure you understand how the whole flow and how to explain so starting from alveoli to body cell right that's what uh question wants you to explain or three months yeah so every lie to body cell basically we need to explain in three points so i guess if i recall back to my dragon of the red ruby castle okay so question only wants me to start from alveoli to body cells so body cell is where it releases intervals i think i can almost i can cut here huh so the first one is diffusion so we have to definitely talk about diffusion number two we have to talk about oxyhemoglobin the next we're going to talk about transport to body cell and release to body cell then respiration the co2 then one return no needle okay okay yeah so you get a better idea right so uh dragon of the red ruby castle diffusion oxy hemoglobin uh transport and release okay so i already prepared the answers for you so i'll explain from myself i'll show you how i make it to points and uh get the correct keyword and be accurate of your three marks explanation don't write whatever that comes into your head you should plan your marks and what are the key word like what i did just now okay so i really prepared for you uh if you need to pause the video and copy that answer please go ahead uh pause the video anytime you want to okay so there you go now point number one inhale air enter the alveoli and diffuse defuse ladies and gentlemen keyword into blood capillary gaudin 1 mark oxygen combines with hemoglobin to form oxyhemoglobin that's second one segment okay that might i think we combine transport and the release of oxygen together okay so oxyhemoglobin transport transport check body cell and decompose check some important keywords as well and really support check oxygen and oxygen then diffuses into body cell um and then respiration but whether don't have to talk about respiration now by the way so there you go one mark second mark and your third ma you see i want the sentence to be straight forward and not beating around the bush your sentence have to make sense and have at least a minimum level of english right you don't tell me you write like very broken english and then you expect teacher to give you marks and understand the whole thing right you must make sure that you make sense yup okay you can pause and copy if you want to right i'll move on to the next one so figure below show structure of everlast okay same same again what is that name the process involving gaseous exchange between evolus and blood tablet wait process yes this exchange between evilus and blood capillary exchange guys between the lungs and the remember the same word that i've been repeating everything which is from the lung to the blood from blood back to the lung it's called defusion so like very simple defunction let's see one more okay oh number two explain how this process happen how diffusion happen okay very simple i have it here for you diffusion happens is because the difference of concentration okay and fillers has higher concentration of oxygen compared to the concentration of oxygen in the blood this is talking only about oxygen yeah i think we have two marks uh um okay that means we have to explain back and forth we have to talk about oxygen and we have to talk about carbon dioxide as well okay let me just quickly show you a simple chart to understand this now l alveolus okay that's very bad looking wording lvls okay and then we have blood capillary okay now in the avalanche right i'm pretty sure oxygen is greater than in the blood the size i show you i mean higher concentration well on the opposite side the co2 in the ambulance must be lesser and the co2 in your body produced by your body cell will be greater make sense look at the sizes and that tells you the concentration yeah so hence um blood capillary has greater co2 concentration than the ambulance it will be diffusal into the blood capillary so vice versa on the other side oxygen in your avalanche has greater concentration it will be diffused to your blood capillary law you follow the color like guys does that make sense to you yeah okay cool i'll show you the answer yeah i know i know it's it's a bit long but you have to explain for two months yeah it's just all the words are long that's why it repeats it makes it long but actually the main point here is oxygen in the alveoli concentration higher so oxygen diffuse from lungs which is uh uh from heavierly into the blood capillary sorry for the typo from the alveoli into the blood can be larry okay yeah which is the story that i mentioned here so vice versa concentration of co2 higher in the blood capillary yeah compared to the lungs will diffuse from blood capillaries into the avalanche so they are basically the whole thing that gives you two marks so what makes this sentence looks very long is because all the concentration are very high and that causes concentration diffuse concentration so actually they're very straightforward okay cool uh well i guess i have really met the point that i want which is to help you to understand how you explain the flow okay of oxygen being trans transported and also how to explain the diffusion okay good question number two for eula i guess not very difficult try on answers will be provided okay you can download the materials in the description box remember that okay cool i guess that's it for today's video if it helps you give me a thumbs up maybe consider to subscribe and share to your friends i will see you in the next video bye guys [Music] you