Pre-NCERT Series - Class 12 History

Introduction

• The video starts with a complete explanation of the first chapter of Class 12 NCERT, 'Bricks, Beads, and Bones.'
• This series will help in your preparation before NCERT.

Indus Valley Civilization (IVC)

• Name: Also known as Harappan Civilization.
• Discovery: The first site, Harappa, was discovered in 1921.
• Period: From 3300 to 1300 BCE, with the mature Harappan period from 2600 to 1900 BCE.
• Extent: Spanned from Jammu and Kashmir to Balochistan.

Harappan Culture

• Subsistence: Plant and animal-based products, fish, wheat, barley, lentils, millets.
• Agricultural Technology: Use of oxen, terracotta models of ploughs.
• Structure: Citadel and lower town in Mohenjo-daro and Harappa.

Social and Economic Structure

• Drainage System: Streets and drains in a grid pattern.
• Social Differences: Burial practices, classification of artifacts.

Trade and Craft Production

• Craft Centers: Chanhudaro, Nageshwar, and Balakot.
• Trade Relations: Connections with Mesopotamia, Oman, Bahrain.
• Procurement Strategy: Settlements and expeditions for raw materials.

Institution and Administration

• Common Authority Evidence: Similar artifacts, planned settlement.

End of Civilization

• Reasons: Climate change, deforestation, floods, Aryan invasion.

Important Personalities

• Alexander Cunningham: First Director General of ASI, Father of Indian Archaeology.
• John Marshall: Announced the discovery of the Indus Valley Civilization.
• R. E. Mortimer Wheeler: Highlighted the importance of stratigraphy.

Religious Beliefs

• Mother Goddess: Terracotta figurines.
• Great Bath: Considered as a ritual bath.
• Proto Shiva: Depicted in the form of Pashupati.

Conclusion

• The goal of the Pre-NCERT series is to provide a better understanding of NCERT.
• After watching the video, reading NCERT will make each detail clear.

Additional Information

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