summary of the power of habit by charles dewig written by leah shuleri and quick read narrated by blake farha introduction how many times do you find yourself deciding to start working out more begin eating healthier or finally quitting cigarettes you become successful for a few days weeks maybe even months but suddenly the craving for your former habit becomes so great that you succumb and you fall back into your old habits it happens all the time right we find ourselves wanting to make a change but we find it too hard to keep those changes long-term if you find yourself nodding your head or agreeing with that statement then you already know the power that habit has on your life throughout the power of habit you'll find out just how you can break those bad habits and form new positive ones through learning how the human brain influences our everyday decisions you'll learn exactly how our habits control our actions as well as how they influence our society but you'll soon be equipped with the knowledge to overcome the power of habit and adopt new ones that can lead to a positive life-changing lifestyle chapter 1 the habit loop think about your morning routine how do you begin your day perhaps you drag yourself out of bed at some ungodly hour trudge yourself to the kitchen grab the coffee pot and start filling it with water do you ever stop to ask yourself what do i do next no of course not that's because your brain has formed a habit that allows you to act like a robot to get things done so you immediately pour the water into the coffee maker place the pot pour the coffee grounds into the filter and hit the on button of course more sophisticated coffee makers run on a timer nowadays but regardless of your routine perhaps it's making your morning smoothie or grabbing your protein shake to head to the gym you never have to stop and think about your next step while that coffee is what makes a lot of us get out of bed in the morning how does our brain allow us to make that coffee without even thinking some of us are probably still half asleep the answer is that our habits are wired in the primal region of our brain near the spinal cord with a structure called the basal ganglia to understand how this area helps us form habits let's take a look at the group of mit researchers who studied the activity of mice placed inside of a t-shaped maze the mice had to find their way to a piece of chocolate placed at the end of the maze additionally researchers tracked the brain activity of the mice as they made their way to the chocolate eventually the mice learned to memorize how to get to the chocolate by entering the maze and turning left as they learned this their brain activity decreased the process of turning a sequence of actions into an automatic routine is called chunking and has an evolutionary role that allows our brain to save energy and perform our everyday tasks more efficiently every habit can be broken down into three parts called the habit loop a habit first begins with a cue or a signal that triggers the habit let's say it's your alarm clock ringing that triggers your brain to determine which steps to take next then comes the routine which is just the set of actions you take so that's when making coffee on autopilot comes in your routine becomes getting out of your bed and walking to the kitchen to begin setting up your coffee pot finally you get the reward sipping that hot cup of delicious coffee which allows you to wake up and continue your day once you enjoy the reward your brain activity begins to increase again and reinforces the link between the cue and the routine according to dewig habits are the choices that all of us deliberately make at some point and then stop thinking about but continue doing often every day so when you think about it how many of your daily decisions are based on habit if you remember habits are automatic so a better question might be how many decisions do you make without even thinking about it you'll soon realize that no less than forty percent of choices are actually habits now it's time to learn how to harness the profound power of habit chapter 2 the golden rule of habit change morning and afternoon routines become an essential part of your life as you work your daily grind for instance you may have a specific coffee shop that you frequent every morning to get your daily caffeine fix maybe you have a routine of stopping by the gym every day after work these routines eventually become habits and while these habits are harmless and actually healthy it shows just how easy it is to adopt unhealthy habits as well perhaps instead of stopping by that morning coffee shop you stop by that morning mcdonald's and instead of ordering coffee you order a sugary sweet tea and a sausage and egg biscuit once you realize you might be putting on weight due to your morning mcdonald's fix you'll see how increasingly hard it becomes to drive past your usual spot without stopping you might find yourself stopping just this last time or driving past and becoming grumpy for the rest of the day kicking a bad habit is hard because of the craving you develop for the reward at the end of the habit loop each morning you crave that rush of sugar as you sip that sweet tea and that savory sausage biscuit that sticks to your gut so to conquer bad habits the habit loop must be adapted dewig discusses the case of rey the owner of the sea on the range a surf and turf restaurant what was once a successful business is now a dwindling business because of the habits of rey and his employees working close to 80 hours a week rey has picked up a drinking habit where he indulges in a double whiskey at the end of a long day to take the edge off while he's not an alcoholic he finds himself craving his drink earlier and earlier in the day sometimes he even indulges in a cold beer before the end of the day his drinking habit has begun to affect not only his patients but also his profits when rey indulges in a drink or two he finds himself becoming less and less patient with his employees who tend to ignore customers looking for a drink refill his short fuse has caused ray to scream at employees in front of customers and has contributed to his inability to keep good workers it's clear that rey needs to change his habit to turn his business around an essential part of changing your habit is identifying each element of the habit loop for instance rey was able to specify the queue which was the end of a stressful day the craving became the burn of the whiskey the routine was sipping his double whiskey and the reward was the relaxation he felt after indulging in his drink this leads to what doug considers the golden rule of habit change don't change the cue or reward change the routine the craving then must also change just a small change in the habit loop can have a life-changing impact so how can rey change his routine to stop his drinking habit well rey is one of the lucky ones to own a 25 000 pool in his backyard so instead of craving the burn of the whiskey rey can begin to crave the smell of chlorine and the feeling of the water washing away the sweat of a long day replace his sips of whiskey with laps in the pool and rey can replace his drinking habit with swimming after a long day of work this is why programs like alcoholics anonymous are so successful rather than relieving stress at the bar participants relieve their stress by attending meetings and venting or commiserating with other members of the program however simply replacing a routine might not be enough duigg advises people like ray to focus on nurturing his new craving if we dwell on the cravings that drive our routines it'll be easier to maintain our habits chapter 3 adopting keystone habits change can be scary and can be met with skepticism by those who fear to change the most if you work at a major company you know how scary it can be to implement new policies and change the direction of the company typically these new ceos are initially met with skepticism as people question the direction the ceo is going and paul o'neil experienced just that when he took over alcoa in 1987 an aluminum company that had seen better days you can imagine the response o'neill received when delivering the news that he would no longer be focusing on profit and revenue instead he would make workplace safety his number one priority investors began to question o'neill's credibility one even went so far as to immediately call up a client and say the board put a crazy hippie in charge and he's gonna kill the company stakeholders and shareholders were not on board and did not like his approach but o'neil knew the importance of changing the habits of the company and he set out to do just that he also recognized that some habits are more important than others and these habits are what dewitt considers keystone habits keystone habits suggest that we don't necessarily have to change every single thing instead we can focus on one or two priorities that lead to success these few priorities begin to act as small wins which then spill over to other areas and create more small wins prioritizing just one or two keystone habits can begin a domino effect of positive change within a company o'neill chose to prioritize worker safety which forced managers and employees to think about how to make the manufacturing process safer and determine how to communicate these safety suggestions the result would be a productive profitable organization by suggesting employees focus on one keystone habit o'neill recognized how disrupting habits around one thing would spread positive change throughout the rest of the company so how did o'neill's changes affect the company well would we be mentioning it if it weren't a success of course not despite their initial doubts o'neill's approach became a huge success after his retirement in 2000 alcoa's annual net income had become five times greater since o'neill took over but changing keystone habits can be implemented by individuals as well not just giant corporations for instance michael phelps the olympic gold medalist swimmer adopted visualization and calming techniques as his keystone habits he believes his ability to visualize his success and calm his nerves is what made him stand out above the rest additionally research suggests that developing keystone habits when trying to lose weight can become critical for adopting healthy habits focusing on just one habit like keeping a food journal can become a small win that acts as a domino effect for other small winds to take root these small winds can lead to big positive lifestyle changes chapter 4 the significance of willpower replacing bad habits with good ones all sounds good in theory sure replace your whiskey with a swim replace your cigarette with a piece of gum replace your weekend television binge with an outdoor hike it all sounds easy but if you found yourself trying to quit smoking or lose weight then you know how hard it is to adopt these new habits that's because our willpower is essential in building important habits duig states that no other keystone habit is more important than willpower in the 1960s stanford conducted a famous study that brought a large number of four-year-olds into a room one by one in the room was a table and on that table was a yummy marshmallow that many four-year-olds find hard to resist the researchers gave each child a choice either eat the marshmallow or wait a few minutes and receive two marshmallows the researcher then left the room for 15 minutes it turns out that only about 30 percent of the children managed to withstand the craving of eating that tiny delicious marshmallow the most significant part of the study came years later when researchers tracked down each participant who were now adults and found that those who exhibited willpower and waited the full 15 minutes ended up having the best grades in school were more popular on average and were less likely to develop bad habits like drug addiction additionally more studies have found similar findings for instance a 2005 study of eighth graders revealed that those who exhibited high levels of willpower had better grades and were more likely to get into highly selective schools but willpower isn't something that we're born with rather willpower is an ability with time and practice we can train and harden our will researchers from case western reserve university conducted a study that asked participants to refrain from eating a cookie while others were not however those that refrained found themselves later struggling to focus on completing a puzzle showing that their willpower was exhausted but like anything practice makes perfect and you can strengthen your willpower over time for instance the major company of starbucks found that many of their employees had the willpower to put a smile on their face and be kind to their customers however once a stressful situation occurred such as a customer yelling and complaining most of their willpower became drained and they would soon lose their ability to smile and stay kind after some research starbucks executives determined that employees were more likely to keep their cool if they were mentally prepared to handle unruly customers and stressful situations to help their employees they developed the properly named latte method which outlines a series of steps to take when employees find themselves in a stressful situation listen to the customer acknowledge the complaint take action thank the customer and explain why the situation occurred by practicing this method starbucks baristas learned exactly how to approach stressful situations and became more likely to keep their willpower and cool during these situations the latte method can be adopted into your everyday life as well maybe not exactly but it can certainly be used as a guide to creating your own method for instance dewig discusses an example of hip replacement patients who would have to undergo painful exercises to recover from surgery patients who wrote down their plans on how they would overcome these obstacles were much more likely to conquer these obstacles so while they didn't quite use the latte method they set a plan and mentally prepared them for painful scenarios chapter 5 the significance of belief why is it that individually it becomes harder to form a new habit going to the gym after work might be much harder to do by yourself but it becomes much easier when you incorporate a gym buddy if you've ever worked in an environment where new policies are implemented you will realize how much easier those policies are implemented when everyone is on board if there's opposition or someone holding you back then trying to adopt a new habit becomes much harder well that's because dewig introduces another ingredient that is necessary for forming new habits that ingredient is belief we discussed the group alcoholics anonymous in a previous chapter and while replacing their habit of going to the bar to go to a group setting was successful many needed more than just habit replacement to see real change additionally alcoholics anonymous incorporates the belief of a higher power to help participants believe in something bigger than themselves that is rooting for their success not only is belief important but alcoholics anonymous has the advantage of a group setting which dewig suggests is one of the main reasons participants see success you see people are more likely to believe in groups for instance let's go back to 1955 when a woman named rosa parks sparked a civil rights movement when she refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man in montgomery alabama many might be surprised to learn that rosa parks was not the first person to refuse to give up her seat but why was she the one to spark such outrage and a year-long boycott well one of the main reasons was that rosa parks was well known throughout her community and had an array of friends that she relied on from being the secretary of the local naacp chapter to involving herself in a youth organization at a neighborhood lutheran church she seemed to do it all and still found time to help local girls with their gorgeous debutante gowns she became so active in her community that her husband commented that she ate dinner at potlucks more than she ate dinner at home but how does this relate to the idea of belief well once rosa parks refused to give up her seat on the bus that day her strong social ties influenced the people through peer pressure it's not enough to just believe in a cause there needs to be people who actively support that cause when her network of friends and acquaintances began to participate it became harder to opt out however once their participation began to fall off after some time the final piece of the puzzle was set in motion and that was martin luther king jr's advocacy for non-violent protests and asking participants to forgive their oppressors the call to action formed new habits as people began to organize church meetings and peaceful protests but most importantly a group of people believed that change could happen willpower isn't enough to spark a change belief that change can happen is equally important chapter 6 habits become your responsibility once we recognize the need to change our habits it becomes our responsibility to take the necessary steps to do so to prove this point dug introduced two cases in which people were taken to court over mistakes they made that escalated due to their habits the first one being brian thomas who in 2008 strangled his wife to death after experiencing what scientists refer to as sleep terrors clearly distraught after realizing what he had done thomas immediately reported himself to the police where he awaited trial during his trial researchers proved that those who experience sleep terrors might get up during the night and act upon their impulses however during a sleep terror all brain activity is shut down which leaves only the primitive neurological regions active during thomas's sleep terror he was in a state where he believed he was acting out against a criminal in the house he believed he was strangling a burglar who was trying to attack his wife his defense introduced in court was that when thomas believed someone was harming his wife it triggered an automatic response to protect her in other words thomas was acting upon a habit the second case that doug introduces is that of angie bachmann who was sued by the casino company heras for a half a million dollars for failing to pay her gambling debts bachmann had already lost her house and million-dollar inheritance due to her gambling problem knowing that bachmann had a gambling problem and had already declared bankruptcy heras continued to send her offers for free trips to the casino which bachmann couldn't resist these free stays at the hotel only exacerbated her gambling addiction which made her feel good inside so bachmann was simply acting upon a habit which she used to argue her defense in court so how did each trial end well thomas was acquitted of his charges and many people including the judge expressed their sympathy for the grieving man however bachmann lost her case and became a victim of immense public scorn while both argued their habits were the cause of their actions why did only one end in a guilty verdict simply put bachmann recognized her bad habit and she had the free will to change her behavior thomas did not and his actions were the result of a tragic accident that occurred in his sleep bachmann recognized that she had a gambling problem she had already declared bankruptcy and blew through a million dollar inheritance she could have simply opted out of harrah's program that sends their customers upcoming deals she could have taken the necessary steps to avoid seeing the enticing offers that heras was giving her whereas thomas had no control over his actions in the end it's only up to you to change your habits final summary we all adopt habits throughout our lives both good and bad our routines become an unconscious habit that all follow the same three-step loop cue routine reward as we continue to crave the desired reward it becomes harder and harder to break a bad habit however the key to changing your habits is to change your routine but to keep the cue and reward the same of course it's not as easy as adopting a routine so developing keystone habits becomes critical for success keystone habits like willpower can be practiced as you continue to withhold the desire to practice your bad habits as you strengthen your willpower you become more successful at adopting habits that lead to a successful positive lifestyle this has been a summary of the power of habit by charles dewig written by leah schullery and quick read narrated by blake farha the end this audiobook summary was brought to 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