Lecture Notes: Blood Circulatory System

Introduction

• Materials available for download.
• Lecture aim: Understand the flow of blood, story, and labeling of the heart.

Heart Structure

• Four Chambers of the Heart:
  • Ventricles: Right and left (bottom parts).
  • Atriums: Right and left (top parts).
  • The heart's orientation is reversed compared to book images.
• Valves:
  • Tricuspid Valve (right side): Remember "tricuspid-right".
  • Bicuspid Valve (left side).
  • Semilunar Valves at the top.
• Blood Vessels:
  • Aorta: Largest vessel.
  • Pulmonary Artery: To the lungs.
  • Pulmonary Vein: From the lungs.
  • Vena Cava: Superior and inferior, collectively called vena cava.
• Septum: Wall separating left and right sides of the heart.

Blood Flow Process

• Oxygenated Blood Flow:

  1. Pulmonary vein brings oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium.
  2. Blood moves to left ventricle through the bicuspid valve.
  3. Left ventricle contracts, pushing blood into aorta through semilunar valves.
  4. Blood is distributed to the body.

• Deoxygenated Blood Flow:

  1. Deoxygenated blood returns from the body via vena cava to right atrium.
  2. Blood moves to right ventricle through tricuspid valve.
  3. Right ventricle contracts, sending blood to the lungs via pulmonary artery through semilunar valves.

Double Blood Circulatory System

• Pulmonary Circulation: Heart to lungs and back.
• Systemic Circulation: Heart to body and back.
• Distinction between arteries (out of heart) and veins (into heart).

Labeling and Exercises

• Practice labeling different parts of the heart.
• Different views: 3D vs. flat schematic.
• Common mistakes: Valve and vessel misidentification.

Important Concepts

• Systemic vs. Pulmonary Circulation
  • Pulmonary relates to lungs, systemic to body.
• Heart Thickness: Left ventricle has the thickest wall due to its role in pumping blood to the body.
• Gas Exchange: Occurs in lungs, essential for respiration.

Practice Questions

• Labeling diagrams.
• Understanding the flow of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
• Identify blood vessels and their functions.
• Understanding the separation in heart structure (e.g., septum, valves).

Conclusion

• Review the flow sequence repeatedly to memorize it.
• Engage with provided resources and animations for better understanding.
• Encourage to practice labeling and flow diagrams to solidify knowledge.

Additional Resources

• Links to previous topics and related chapters for further reading and understanding.

Feel free to reach out with questions and refer to supplementary materials for further clarification.