hello everyone happy evening a very good evening am I Audible and visible now okay that's great so finally we are here and uh yes today we are going to uh today we are going to discuss this topic of git hormones uh in physiology that complicated table of git hormones now why this topic selection for today because basically we have started with the new timetable from starting from today for students who have missed watching the previous uh video that we had regarding the timetable for neat PG in ICT fmg so we have started today so you are not late you can join in and uh today in physiology also it is for the five days uh that is basically from 11 to 15 July takes from 11 to 15 July we have physiology and today in physiology we have General and git physiology so today um based on I had asked you inputs on what topics do you want me to cover in the physiology in these five days uh so that you know whatever sessions we have they go hand in hand with their daily targets of course you'll be having surprise mixed back session other subject sessions also so uh today we uh decided to have git hormones there were some requests related to this and this is like uh the topic now what is topic uh basically uh in my dictionary is BBD that's your topic is basically topic right it's like okay uh you know you need a lot of revision for this uh topic only once uh right it's not enough so it's like no one can read just once so basically this is hashtag BBD that is and no one can read just once it needs to be devised again and again I mean though we have discussed this topic in the past as well but I know that this is a new League of students that is starting the next batch of students so I'm going to tell you the easy tricks on how to remember these git hormones uh apart from that we also have another session coming up at 8 pm today and it's a free life class on an academy platform that's a special class and the next request from the physiology that is muscle physiology right so we are gonna simplify with easy tricks and mnemonics the topic of muscle physiology so basically remember that in our sessions uh it's gonna be a mix of mnemonics that is tricks and Concepts right as I always say these are the only two things that are required to crack any exam that is Concepts where there are no Concepts something that needs to be mugged up simplify it with mnemonics right I'll do both of those for you so we are meeting again at 8pm uh the unlock code for the session is Dr Nikita the link has been shared on the telegram group already okay the link has been shared on the telegram group uh just give me a minute so that I can see the live chat okay so I can see some queries are already pouring uh in that is uh how will we get the PDF for today's session so what I would uh try and do it uh to this YouTuber session after the session is over please give me some time I'll add the link in the description itself for the uh you know the PDF right so you can go to that link and download the PDF for the respective YouTube sessions as well take care so that's what would be the plan would be okay uh we have right so students who are following the timetable as we discussed every day we would be having pre-test and a post test as well uh which will be there pre-test we had at 9 00 am and I'm thankful to each one of you for the huge response we had more than 400 students who participated expecting even more students for the post test that will be at 9 30 PM right so approximately eight to nine PM 9 15 PM we will have the class and at 9 30 PM you will have the post test okay I'll be sharing the link on the telegram group again so good to go to discuss the today's topic any other queries please put it in the live chat allocated to you uh as and when convenient okay and these are the various platforms where we can stay connected uh so even on Instagram daily there's a daily post that will help you revise uh you know not just the daily Target subject but other topics also so Dr Nikita nanwani this is where we are on the YouTube channel and the telegram group is where all the communication happens regarding the upcoming classes and this is at an academy platform that is uh at Dr Nikita all right so these are the various places where we stay connected now starting with the discussion of this topic that is the git hormones so tell me with some a secret which hormone okay cells secrete which hormone I feel secret which hormone K cells and G cells now out of this the easiest to remember s and D okay S and G so s is S for S that is secretin okay F secrete secret and D for d d secrets gastrin okay D secretes gastric so I and K is somewhere I is not for I do it the opposite that is I and K is basically opposite I is for K and K is for I that is the I cells secreted the hormone okay which has the K in its word that is c c k this is secret to the hormone which have I in their spelling that is g i p so basically remember that I is for K and K is for I okay so cck is basically cholecystokinet and K cells is g i p okay that is d i p glucose dependent insulin or Tropic peptide okay now this is done with the cells now going to the next one so these are the flash cards that I've put for you tell me which is that git hormone out of the list that we have seen which stimulates everything by that what do I mean is it stimulates gastric motility intestinal motility uh it uh stimulates the mucosal growth everything basically it stimulates the acid secretion so which is that hormone the git hormone is it secret in cholecystokinin gastrin or Gip remember it is gastric okay it is gastrin which stimulates everything how do we remember that when you write gastrin the Gast so remember gastrin is all stimulatory that is d a s t okay basically gastrin is g a s t so remember that basically G for gastrin is all St is stimulatory so gastrin stimulates everything okay gastrin stimulates everything okay so that is very very important we'll see and summarize everything at the end the table also next one which is that hormone which stimulates the intestinal modality but it inhibits the gastric motility which is that git hormone which stimulates the intestinal modility but inhibits the gastric modility is a gastrin is it Gip is it cck or it is secreted absolutely right it is only cystokinin see now when I get I gave you the four options that is gastric right then you have Gip then you have cck and then you have secreted right the four options here guessing we said is all stimulatory so it does not inhibit anything so gastrin is out reaction is out dip is your uh glucose dependent insulinotropic so basically the only function is to stimulate the insulin release right nothing to do with anything else is secreted by which cells i k is for I I is for K so remember that I is also for intestinal motility it stimulates the intestinal motility everything apart from gastrin inhibits the gastric motility right so what enables the gastric motility it is Secret in and cholecystokinet but what stimulates the intestinal motility it is cholecystokinin secretion inhibits both let me show you this table right so look at this table if I ask you to complete this table the effect of the hormones on the gastric motility and the intestinal motility so first one tell me what does gastrin do to gastric motility and intestinal modility gastrol is all stimulated right gastrol is all stimulatory all stimulatory so it stimulates both right it stimulates both gastric motility also and intestinal motility also remember cck is for I it stimulates the intestinal motility it inhibits the gastric motility okay it inhibits the gastric motility secretive as the toxins remember basically secret and stimulates the secretion it has nothing to do with the motility right it has nothing to do with the modality we'll see what secretion does it stimulate so remember Secret in it inhibits both the motility okay it enables gastric modality also and it inhibits intestinal motility also is this clear with everyone a quick thumbs up everyone that you have followed so far whatever we have discussed yes waiting for the quick thumbs up so that we can go to the next slide okay that's great so we are basically done with motility the gastric motility intestinal gastrin all stimulatory cck stimulates intestinal and the secret and inhibits both the motility now going to the next one which is that hormone whose only stimulatory action is insulin release easy one right it's the Gip because dip is glucose dependent insulin or Tropic peptide previously it was called gastric inhibitory peptide it inhibits the stomach now it is your insulinotropic remember the only function is insulin release it stimulates the insulin release okay that's Gip and from where this dip comes it comes from the K cells I is for K right the K cells next one which is the only git hormone which is stimulated by all like whatever you eat whether it is sugars whether it is amino acids or it is fatty acids again the four options here is it gastrin is it a secret in is it Gip or it is cck right the four main hormones that we need to know only GI hormones stimulated by all be it amino acids sugars or fatty acids read the question very carefully it is not that only GI hormone which stimulates everything it's the other way around that death hormone is stimulated by whatever you have and right whatever you have eaten basically yes it is g i p okay remember it is g i p g i p because basically it is insulinotropic right and we know that insulin increases in the FED state so whatever is in the FED State you know whatever we have had in the FED state that is what is stimulated by all gastrin predominantly is stimulated by the most potent stimulator is peptides here it is amino acid sugars fatty acids which stimulates this hormone that is Gip insulin in the fat State whatever you eat basically insulin anabolic hormone okay so it's Gip so remember insulin comes in the fat stick so all the three basically stimulate Gip next one thanks to some mcqs that have been asked previously in the exam so you have eye cells secrete which hormone Isis where are they present they are present in the deodana so I is for K remember it is cholecystokinin right so look at this the notes here basically that I've given you so remember I is for K and K is for I so Gip is by the cases and cholecystokinin is by the eye cells okay cholecystokinin is by the eye cells of the duodenum next one what are the following inhibits the gastric secretion which of the following inhibits the gastric secretion what do you think would be answer to this okay let me see the answers uh now anybody who thinks that b is the answer let me tell you ruling out is a very very important cheat code that you should be using in your examination the McQ based exams the first option to be rolled out here is B the answer cannot be high gastric Hy because see gastric secretion basically means acid so when you have high gastric pitch that basically means it is actually which is present so to neutralize that we need the acid so it will stimulate the acid secretion right so the first one to be ruled out is option b okay Alkali will stimulate the acid for neutralization now the next one remember it's secret and basically which is inhibitory to the stomach okay so remember that secret in s and I N remember the first and the last okay that is secret end is basically inhibitory to the stomach entirely okay stomach May everything is inhibited by secreting be it the okay right so it is be it the motility of the stomach or be it the secretion of the stomach right so remember it inhibits the gastric secretion what if stimulates secret and basically stimulates your pancreatic ductal secretion not the gastric secretion the bicarbonate secretion from the pancreatic duct okay so which inhibits the gastric secretion gastrin stimulates all okay gastrin stimulates all so remember that it is the secret in which is stomach May everything inhibitory that is what will help you to remember okay so what is the trick to remember that secret in a stomach May everything inhibited okay stomach May everything inhibited all right so s e i n motility also and the secretion also okay so remember the answer is secret and which is inhibitory to the stomach so next one now you have this table right so you have this first one then you have the second one the third and the fourth identify each of these hormones what do you think is the first one what do you think is the first hormone here which hormone is the first hormone are you guys able to see that if you want I'll I'll Zoom this table for you okay one by one we see this right see the first one is if you have been given in this table the stimulus and the actions the action is it increases the gastric acid secretion right so as soon as I say that gastric acid secretion it is gasped in right stimulates the growth of gastric mucosa what stimulates the peptides amino acids when the stomach is distended basically the food going into the stomach the standing the stomach you want acid so the gastrin comes into play Vegas acetylcholine that is also stimulatory remember that it is inhibited by acid in the stomach it's like a negative feedback if already there is h plus the acid in the stomach you don't want gastric you don't want more acid it's inhibited by somatostatin remember somatostatin is static it inhibits the gastrin okay it enables the gastrin the first hormone here is gaspin I mean what is the second one what do you think is the second hormone read the description and tell me what do you think is the second hormone here foreign fatty acids as well stimulates a contraction of gall bladder it stimulates a contraction of gallbladder that's a very very important glue here so as soon as you see it has gall bladder cuff stimulation most potent is gallbladder but the cholesterol so this is cholecystokinin remember the fatty acids we know that the gallbladder contracts when there is fatty food that is why we say patients with cholelithiasis they should not have fatty foods right so fatty foods stimulating your cholecystokino so stimulates the motility of the gallbladder the contraction it causes relaxation of sphincter of OD so basically what happens is so you have the gallbladder you have the common bile the pancreatic duct coming in and you have the sphincter of Kodi so this gallbladder contracts okay the bile is going in here for the sphincter of OD basically should relax okay so remember that the gallbladder contracts but the sphincter of OD relaxes also along with that the pancreatic duct valid the pancreatic enzyme and bicarbonate secretion also it increases and remember it inhibits the gastric empty right we said that cholecystokino as for I it stimulates the intestinal motility but it inhibits the gastric motility right it inhibits a gastric motility so this one is cholecystokinin okay now going to the next one this is the hormone which is stimulated by h plus in the deodorum that is the acid okay so acid in the duodenum stimulates this hormone fatty acids predominantly it increases the bicarbonate secretion so basically acid coming you want Alkali the bicarbonate to neutralize so this is which hormone so basically this is Secret in right this one is Secret in which is stimulated by acid it stimulates the bicarbonate secretion The Alkali secretion from the pancreatic ductile cells not from the asinine it does not stimulate the enzyme secretion it stimulates the Alkali secretion right and look at this one it decreases the gastric acid secretion the McQ that we had already solved secretive stomach May everything inhibited okay and the last one which is the one which increases the insulin secretion that is Gip right so you can see that in this table this Gip can be stimulated by fatty acids amino acids and even glucose everything can stimulate the Gip right the insulin release that is Gip so this is the complete table basically that we had seen so gastrin G cells in the stomach well in the stomach predominantly these G cells are present is it the body is it the antrum these are predominantly present in the antrum okay the antrum of the stomach stimulus is peptides amino acid distension inhibited by acid somatostatin this was cholecystokinin gallbladder contraction secret and Alkali VIP is insulin okay very very important now going to the next one complete this table now okay complete this table tell me what is this first hormone second hormone third hormone fourth and the fifth okay so what do you think are these hormones here let me uh Zoom this image for you and show you this uh if you can I hope you can see this table foreign so what is the first hormone here absolutely right the first one here is Destin because you can see that it is SSS that is at the stimulatory on all the functions be it acid secretion beat gastric campaign pancreatic gallbladder motility insulin everything is stimulatory so this one is basically gastrin all you need to remember for gastrin is all stimulatory okay it is all stimulatory next one uh look at the next one if I zoom this then the table is getting uh blocked that's why this is the maximum that I can do look at the second one you have to pick up the most important or you know points here to identify the hormone what do you think is this hormone here so this is the area which is more important here very very important enables gastric motility stimulates intestinal modility what is that enables gastric motility stimulates intestinal modality so that is cholecystokine and right this is the one which is very important the next one which inhibits both the motility but it stimulates the secretions that is going to be secret okay that is secret the fourth only stimulatory on the insulin release rest everything it has no effect or inhibitory only on insulin so it is Gip someone tell me what is the fifth one here which only has the effect on the gastric modality and the intestinal motility it stimulates gastric and intestinal modality what hormone is that so only related to modality no other effect right so absolutely that's gonna be more till in okay this is basically mortalen which has acetone says it has to do only with the motility and nothing else so it stimulates the gastric and the intestinal motility right so these are the points basically that I want you to highlight that when everything is stimulatory it is gastrin stimulates intestinal enables gastric motility cholecystokinet Secret in stomach May everything inhibited right it inhibits everything in the stomach motility both are inhibited VIP only insulin mortality so now remember that basically mortalen is secreted by enterochromyphen cells and the m0 cells in the stomach small intestine and colon okay so gastrin stimulates all and mortal and only stimulates motility that is what you need to remember the next point to be added here we had mentioned foreign gastrin stimulates everything cholecystokinin inhibits the stomach motility and Gip is insulin okay remember K is for I it stimulates the intestinal modality inhibits the gastric motility now this is the last table I believe a quick review of whatever we have learned all right so let's quickly highlight the points here gastron is secreted by the G cells that is the antrum of the stomach the main site stimulates the acid gastrin gastric acid everything basically it stimulates stimulates insulin glucagon and everything the stimulating factors most potent is the peptide right even calcium stimulates grp that is the gastrin releasing peptide which we said basically is via the vagus that all stimulates what enables the gastric do you remember the two things in the previous table that we had seen it is inhibited by acid the negative feedback and it is also inhibited by somatostatin Statin is static right next one plus the stockinene K is for I I cells are present in the proximal small intestine cholesterol the main action is your gallbladder okay remember that it stimulates a pancreatic acid in our cell Now understand this point that in the pancreas you have the acid eye and you have the duct the Asana is secrete to the enzymes these are stimulated by polycystokinin it relaxes the sphincter of OD it inhibits the gastric empty both cholecystokine and secretin it inhibits the acid secretion it contracts the pyloric center right so you have the pyloric sphinctive that needs to be contracted to inhibit the gastric empty all right and remember that secret in and cholecystokinin they function together basically the pancreatic secretion both of them so they function together most important stimulator is peptide even fatty acid can stimulate but remember it's not the triglyceride the fat should be the digestible form like the fatty acid and carbohydrates do not stimulate cholecystokinin so basically it is peptides and fats remember fat fatty acids related to gallbladder is the essence again in the small intestine the secretion of bicarbonate basically remember it is alkali so it is stimulated by acid acid is the most potent stimulus for secreting because basically it secretes The Alkali from the ductular cells enables a gastric acid secretion stimulates the pyloric sphincter and it augments the action of polycystokinin so cholecystokine in secret and by Bankers they go together it is the insulin release the only action and this is the only GI hormone stimulated by all the three types of food that is glucose fat amino acids basically all stimulate Gip because insulin is in the FED State okay so that is about this table now let us try do some mcqs tell me what do you think will be answer to this one which of the following is true regarding the gastric emptin which of the following is true regarding the gastric emptying what do you think would be the answer to this am I able to see the live chat let me see that absolutely right it's a that is the gastric motility right it inhibits a gastric motility but it stimulates the intestinal motility right uh gastric is all stimulatory secret and stomach May everything inhibitory insulin is promoting the gastric one right next what is the primary site of production of gaspin gastrous G4 G it is the G cells and where are these G cells preset in the pylons in the antrum in the pancreas or the small intestine basically it is the antrum of the stomach okay the main site is the anti right you have the K cells eye cells in the intestine okay next one very very important all these are the previous year questions so I'm giving you a quick review of the previous year questions maximum contraction of gallbladder maximum contraction of gallbladder is seen with gallbladder easy to remember gallbladder is basically cholasis so motility the contraction is the kind in so it is cholecystokinin okay it is called a cystokine and which stimulates the gallbladder contraction what does it do to the sphinctive ODI does IT contract the symptom of body or does it relax the sphincter of OD what does it do cholesterol kind and contracts or relaxes the sphincter of OD you want the gallbladder to contract the bile to go out into the intestine so it relaxes the sphincter of OD okay remember it relaxes the sphincter of OD what does it do to the pyloric sphincter because it inhibits the gastric empty so it contracts the pyloric Factor it stimulates the pyloric sphincter okay all right next one acid is the most important stimulus for secretion of which of the following acid we will need Alkali Alkali is the bicarbonate which is basically stimulated by secret right it is stimulated by secretin so the answer will be secret in answer will be secreted most potent stimulator is peptides again it is peptides and fatty acids fatty acids amino acids all of them can stimulate the Gip okay all of them can stimulate the Gip all right so yes that was about the quick review of the git hormones I think you just need to remember four or five important points the tricks that we have learned gastrin is all stimulatory cholecystokinin K is for I I cell stimulates intestinal modality gallbladder contraction secret and stomach May everything inhibitory uh right it inhibits everything in the stomach it stimulates the Alkali acid is the most potent Gip is only insulin and it's stimulated by all the three right so that was a quick review of the topic of git hormones try serving mcqs on this so this works to help you in the daily Target we will meet next at 8 pm okay for the free life class on the unacademy app and the topic is going to be will simplify the muscle physiology basically the pattern myosin the h a i the light band the dark band uh we are going to discuss okay that is what we are going to discuss in the 8 PM class it's gonna be a quick review of that okay so thank you so much everyone uh I hope you have enjoyed this class got to learn out of this class and I hope you realize that topics would seem barbad actually are not very bad they can be basically simplified and learned with easy tricks so uh see you at 8 pm till then goodbye take care and keep studying keep revising and keep winning thank